• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of major chronic diseases related to daily oral water intake and to identify the physiological parameters related to dehydration in Korean elderly. Methods: The data were collected from the sixth Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES), which was a nationwide and cross-sectional survey in 2015. We analyzed 1,392 participants using t-test and logistic regression. All participants were divided into the adequate water intake (AWI) group and the non-adequate water intake (NAWI) group based on the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Results: There was a significant difference in the water intake between the AWI (6.8 cups in a day) and NAWI (2.8 cups) groups (p< .001). There was no statistically significant association between the level of water intake and any of the major chronic diseases. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and BUN/Creatinine (Cr) ratio were significantly higher in the NAWI group. Especially, BUN/Cr ratio shows that the NAWI group reached dehydration status. Older age (adjusted odd ratio, OR= 1.07, 95% confidence interval, CI [1.04-1.10]), female gender (adjusted OR= 1.56, 95% CI [1.05-2.33]), lower body mass index (BMI) (adjusted OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92-1.00]), higher BUN (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.01-1.08]), and higher urine specific gravity (USG) (adjusted OR= 1.56, 95% CI [1.19-2.05]) were factors associated with the NAWI group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the level of water intake needs to be considered in relation to age, gender, BMI, BUN, and USG. These are sensitive physiological parameters used for predicting dehydration of the elderly according to their daily oral water intake. It would be helpful to develop strategies to prevent dehydration in elderly individuals and enhance their water intake.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2000

To standardize quality characteristics of commercial doenjang prepared by traditional method, general components, organic acids, amino acids and fatty acid composition were investigated. Moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, titratable acidity (expressed as milliliter of 0.1 N NaOH), acid value and salinity were 54.7%, 13.8%, 8.0%, 14.4mL, 45.7mg/g and 11.8%, respectively. The content of amino type nitrogen was 345.3mg% (w/w) in the range of 207.6 to 443.5mg% being 1.1~2.2-fold for all samples. Average value of Hunter color for L(lightness), a(redness) and b(yellowness) were 37.4, ＋9.7 and ＋21.3, respectively. Browning index value(expressed as optical density at 425 nm) of water-soluble compound(2.58) was above 7.1 times higher than that of the water-insoluble compound(0.38). Total contents of free and total amino acid were 3.81 and 9.72%, respectively, and then the former(1.1~3.7 times) was more different in all samples tested than that of the latter(1.1~2.0 times). Among amino acids, glutamic acid was abundant and its content of free and total amino acids was 0.57 and 1.24%, respectively. Of organic acids, lactic acid was the most abundant being 0.34%(average) and ranged from 0.15 to 0.86%. Linoleic acid(52.17%, as area%) was the highest content of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 83.89 and 61.189%, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acid was markedly different among all samples and ranged from 51.52 to 64.91%.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.668-677
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• 2024

Objective: The current experiment was performed to investigate the influence of different dietary levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, immune response, caecal microbiota, and carcass characteristics of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) during 7 to 63 d of age. Methods: A total of 240 unsexed 7-d-old ducklings were distributed into five (treatment) groups; each one contained six replicates with eight ducklings each. Birds of the first group were fed basal diet without MOLM and served as control, while the other four groups were fed basal diet with 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%, and 2.0% MOLM inclusion level, respectively. Results: The obtained results revealed that including MOLM in the diets significantly improved body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency compared with the control group. Among the different MOLM inclusion treatments, increasing MOLM inclusion level decreased (p<0.05) such previous parameters. Decreasing MOLM inclusion levels in duckling diets increased (p>0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and nitrogen free extract, however all MOLM treatments were significantly higher than the control group. Results also revealed that feeding ducks lower MOLM inclusion levels (0.25% or 0.50%) improved blood parameters (p<0.05) compared with the higher inclusion levels (1.0% or 2.0% MOLM) and the control group. Ducks fed different MOLM levels had significantly higher phagocyte index and activity, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity compared with control group. Conclusion: Despite the beneficial effects of all MOLM treatments on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, physiological status, and immune response of duckling, the increasing MOLM inclusion level in the diet had deleterious effects on such studied traits, consequently 0.25% was the best MOLM inclusion level in duckling diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2018

Objective: The impact of forage feeding strategy on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in post-weaning calves was investigated. Methods: Forty-five female Holstein calves (body weight [BW] = $79.79{\pm}0.38kg$) were enrolled in the 35-d study at one week after weaning and randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments. All diets were fed as total mixed ration containing 60% (dry matter [DM] basis) of basal starter feed and 40% (DM basis) of forage, but varied in composition of forage source including i) alfalfa (40% DM, AH); ii) alfalfa hay (26.7% DM)+oat hay (13.3% DM; OH); iii) alfalfa hay (26.7% DM)+corn silage (13.3% DM; WS). Results: Dry matter intake was not different among treatment groups (p>0.05). However, BW (p<0.05) and average daily gain (p<0.05) of calves fed AH and OH were greater than WS-fed calves, whereas heart girth was greater in OH-fed calves than those fed AH and WS (p<0.05). Ruminal fermentation parameters including proportion of butyric acid, acetated-to-propionate ratio, concentration of total volatile fatty acid, protozoal protein, bacterial protein, and microbial protein in rumen were the highest in OH (p<0.05) and the lowest in WS. Compared with the AH and WS, feeding oat hay to postweaning calves increased crude protein digestibility (p<0.05), and decreased duration of diarrhea (p<0.05) and fecal index (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggested that partially replacing alfalfa hay with oat hay improved ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and reduced incidence of diarrhea in post-weaning dairy calves.

• 식물병연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2018

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof)에 의한 딸기 시들음병은 국내에서 중요한 병해이다. 특히 딸기재배에서 시들음병 발생은 수경재배 면적이 증가하면서 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 딸기 수경재배에서 시들음병 발생에 배양액의 pH와 EC의 영향을 in vitro와 재배포장에서 조사하였다. pH는 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5로 in vitro와 재배포장에서 검정하였고 EC는 0, 0.5, 0.8, 1, $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$로 재배포장에서 조사하였다. In vitro 상에서 딸기 시들음병균의 균사생육은 pH가 증가하면서 증가하였고 $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7에서 최대였으며 $20^{\circ}C$, pH 5에서 가장 낮았다. 재배포장에서 딸기 시들음병 발생은 pH 6.5에서 가장 낮았고 pH 5에서 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 배양액의 pH는 높아질수록 배액의 EC는 감소하였고 딸기 잎의 칼륨함량은 증가되었다. EC 검정에서 배양액 EC가 상승함에 따라 딸기 시들음병 발생과 잎의 질소함량은 증가하였다. 이런 결과로 딸기 시들음병 발생은 수경재배에서 pH와 EC가 관련이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1492-1500
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• 2004

저열량 처방을 위한 식사대체제와 식이섬유ㆍ탄수화물 가수분해 억제제ㆍHCA를 주 성분으로 하는 체중감량제의 섭취 효과를 판정하기 위하여 20대∼50대의 BMI 25이상의 여성 자원자를 모집하여 9주간 시험을 실시하였다. 시험기간 동안 1일 1끼 식사는 식사대체제로 대치하고 1일 2회 체중감량제를 섭취하게 한 후 신체계측과 체조성, 배변 상황, 식이섭취 실태, 자각 증상 등의 변화를 조사하여 효과를 판정하였다. 시험 결과는 9주 동안 지속적으로 체중과 체지방, BMI, 허리 및 엉덩이 둘레가 감소한 것으로 나타났으며 체중감소율은 영양학적으로 안전한 범위에 속해 있었다. 혈청 지질에는 유의적인 변화가 없었으며 혈당과 인슐린이나 C-peptide 함량에도 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 BUN이나 ALP는 감소하였고 헤모글로빈은 유의적으로 증가하였으나 모두 정상범위에 있었다. 배변 시간은 단축되었으며 건강에 대한 부정적인 자각증상도 감소되었다. 1일 섭취 열량은 1300 kcal 정도로 유지되었으며 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$, 엽산, 칼슘, 철, 아연등의 섭취량은 권장량의 80% 미만으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본 연구의 저열량식사와 체중감량제의 섭취는 체중 및 체지방 감소와 배변에 효과적이었으며 부정수소를 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1981

콩나물제조중(製造中) 단백질(蛋白質)의 영양가(營養價)를 화학적(化學的)으로 평가(評價)하기 위해서 대두중(大豆中)의 아미노산조성(組成)과 이들대두(大豆)가 발아하여 콩나물로 자라는 동안의 아미노산의 변화(變化)를 분석(分析)하였다. 콩나물제조중(製造中) 총(總)아미노산의 변화(變化)를 분석(分析)하였다. 콩나물제조중(製造中) 총(總)아미노산의 변화(變化)는 2일(日)까지는 거의 함량변화(變化)가 없으나 그 이후(以後)부터는 감소(減少)되었고 부위별(部位別)로는 자엽부(子葉部)에서는 감소(減少)되나 배유부(胚乳部)에서는 증가(增加)되었다. 총(總)아미노산에 대(對)한 필수(必修)아미노산의 비(比)는 4일(日) 이후(以後)에 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)되는데 특히 배유부(胚乳部)에서 더 크게 감소(減少)되었다. 여러 아미노산중(中) 특히 aspartic acid의 증가(增加)가 크고 glutamic acid의 감소(減少)가 현저하였다. 총(總)아미노산조성(組成)에 의하여 chemical score를 구(求)하면 A/E와 A/T치(値)는 불규칙(不規則)하게 나타났으나 대두(大豆)와 콩나물 다같이 대체적(大體的)으로 낮은 치(値)를 보였으며 제한(制限)아미노산은 methionin이었다. FAO refernce protein과 requirement pattern을 기준으로하여 구(求)한 chemical score의 값은 2일(日)콩나물>콩>4일(日)콩나물>8일(日)콩나물>6일(日)콩나물의 순(順)으로 나타났고 반면에 essential amino acid index와 requirement index로는 2일(日) 콩나물>콩>4일(日)콩나물>6일(日)콩나물>8일(日)콩나물의 순(順)으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

In 2008, baby formula containing melamine was found to be responsible for a large outbreak of renal failure in infants in China. A total of 294,000 infants were hospitalized, and at least 6 babies died due to ingestion of the tainted formula. Melamine contains high levels of nitrogen (>60%), which is used as an indicator of protein content. Therefore, high levels of melamine in infant formula were thought to be the result of deliberate contamination m an attempt to increase its apparent protein content. Following inspections by China's national inspection agency, assorted products from at least 22 dairy manufacturers across China were found to have varied levels of melamine (range: 0.096196.61 mg/kg). Melamine co-exposure with cyanuric acid can induce acute melamine-cyanurate crystal nephropathy, which can lead to renal failure at much lower doses than if either compound were ingested alone. However, currently, there are very few data on melamine analogues other than cyanuric acid. At an expert meeting of the WHO and FAO held to review toxicological aspects of melamine and cyanuric acid on December 14, 2008, a new tolerable daily intake (TDI) of melamine was established that could be applied to the entire population, including infants. Therefore, a risk assessment of the various theoretical melamine contamination levels in infant formula and selected representative foods (other than infant formula and sole-source nutrition products) is urgently needed for Korean babies and children up to 7 years of age. Although the undetectable level regulation for infant formula may be low enough to guarantee the safety of babies under the age of 1 year (including premature babies), the melamine standard of 2.5 ppm for foods other than baby formula could be insufficient to protect the 95th percentile population aged 1~2 years because of this demographic's high consumption of milk, yogurt, and soy milk (hazard index = 1.79). Because TDIs are chronic values intended to protect an individual over his/her lifetime, occasional modest ingestion in excess of the TDI is not likely to be a health concern. However, children aged 1~2 years may have renal systems that are comparatively more sensitive to the crystallization of melamine and its analogues. Therefore, governmental jurisdictions may need to practice more prudent management of food items that could raise the melamine exposure for this population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1568-1574
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• 2012

Three Holstein steers in the growing phase, each with a ruminal cannula, were used to test the hypothesis that the synchronization of the hourly rate of carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) released in the rumen would increase the amount of retained nitrogen for growth and thus improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). In Experiment 1, in situ degradability coefficients of carbohydrate and N in feeds including Korean rice wine residue (RWR) were determined. In Experiment 2, three total mixed ration (TMR) diets having different rates of carbohydrate and N release in the rumen were formulated using the in situ degradability of the feeds. All diets were made to contain similar contents of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) but varied in their hourly pattern of nutrient release. The synchrony index of the three TMRs was 0.51 (LS), 0.77 (MS) and 0.95 (HS), respectively. The diets were fed at a restricted level (2% of the animal's body weight) in a $3{\times}3$ Latin-square design. Synchronizing the hourly supply of energy and N in the rumen did not significantly alter the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, NDF or acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p>0.05). The ruminal $NH_3$-N content of the LS group at three hours after feeding was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the other groups; however, the mean values of ruminal $NH_3$-N, pH and VFA concentration among the three groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). In addition, the purine derivative (PD) excretion in urine and microbial-N production (MN) among the three groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). In conclusion, synchronizing dietary energy and N supply to the rumen did not have a major effect on nutrient digestion or microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in Holstein steers.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2016

수분 함량과 사출구 온도, 스크루 회전속도가 분리대두단백의 조직화 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 압출성형 조건은 스크루 회전속도를 250 rpm으로 고정하고 수분 함량과 사출구 온도를 20, 25%와 120, 130, $140^{\circ}C$로 조절하였다. 또 다른 압출성형은 수분 함량과 사출구 온도를 30%와 $140^{\circ}C$로 고정하고 스크루 회전속도를 150, 200, 250, 300, 330 rpm으로 조절하였다. 사출구 온도가 $120^{\circ}C$에서 $140^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 비기계적 에너지 투입량은 감소하였으며, 스크루 회전속도가 150 rpm에서 330 rpm으로 증가할수록 비기계적 에너지 투입량은 증가하였다. 사출구 온도가 증가하고 수분 함량이 감소할수록 직경팽화율과 비 길이는 증가하였으며, 밀도는 수분 함량 20%에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사출구 온도가 증가하고 수분 함량이 감소할수록 기공형성이 증가하여 파괴력이 감소하였으며 사출구 온도 $140^{\circ}C$, 수분 함량 20%에서 $2.07E+04N/m^2$로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 수분 함량이 25%에서 20%로 감소하면서 갈변으로 인해 명도가 감소하고 적색도와 황색도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 총 색도차는 증가하였다. 스크루 회전속도가 150 rpm에서 330 rpm으로 증가할수록 총 색도차가 증가하였다. 조직잔사지수는 사출구 온도가 증가하고 수분 함량이 낮을수록 증가하였으며, 사출구 온도 $140^{\circ}C$, 수분 함량 20%에서 $26.21{\pm}4.28%$로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 조직잔사지수는 사출구 온도보다 수분 함량의 영향이 컸다. 사출구 온도가 $120^{\circ}C$에서 $140^{\circ}C$로 증가하고 수분 함량이 25%에서 20%로 감소할수록 수용성 질소지수는 증가하였으며 수분 함량 20%, 사출구 온도 $140^{\circ}C$에서 $7.88{\pm}0.47%$로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 스크루 회전속도가 330 rpm에서 150 rpm으로 감소함에 따라 수용성 질소지수는 감소하였으며 150 rpm에서 $2.83{\pm}0.51%$로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 수분 함량이 사출구 온도보다 조직화에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.