• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2006

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is well adopted for community wastewater treatment for its simplicity, performance and various advantageous treatment options. SBR is now drawing attention for its process modification such as coupled with membrane bioreactor, reverse osmosis or applying different media to achieve high removal efficiency. This study focused on the improved efficiency of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal by applying zeolite materials called bioceramics to the SBR. Two laboratory-scale SBR units were operated in the same operating conditions - one with bioceramics called Bioceramic SBR (BCSBR) and the other without bioceramics used as control. Routine monitoring of COD, TP, $NH_3-N$, $NO_3-N$ was performed throughout this study. COD removal was about 80% to 100% and phosphorous removal was about 60% in the process whereas $NH_3-N$ removal efficiency was found to be 99.9% in the BCSBR unit. Addition of bioceramics also improved sludge characteristics such as sludge dewaterability, specific gravity and particle size. BCSBR can withstand high ammonia shock loading leading to the better treatment capacity of high ammonia containing wastewater. The cause of improved removal efficiencies within the biological reactor could be attributed to the biochemosorption mechanisms of bioceramics. Absorption/adsorption or desorption capacity of bioceramics was tested through laboratory experiments.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

Paper sludges collected from three different paper mills were physico-chemically analyzed in order to use them as raw materials for making bed soils and seedling pots. The sludge from a fine paper mill contained lots of inorganic pigment particles used for coating, as those from a newsprint mill and a tissue mill had not. It was clearly through XRD analysis confirmed that all sludges included calcium carbonate. The paper sludge from the tissue mill contained the greatest amount of particles, which would contribute to water absorption and nutrient storage. The sludge from the fine paper mill had the highest density due to many inorganic elements. While the ash content and the total nitrogen content were the highest in the sludge from the fine paper mill, the C/N ratio was the lowest in the fine paper mill sludge. All sludges seemed to have insufficient contents of potassium. The sludges from the newsprint mill and the tissue mill showed more silicon contents than that from the fine paper mill. It was concluded that the sludge from the fine paper mill would be able to be the most efficient raw materials for making bed soils and seedling pots and the other two sludges would be more efficient for intensive culture for crops such as rice and grain with additional supplement of nitrogen and other nutrients.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2000

분말 다시마로부터 정미성분의 효과적인 추출방법과 분말 조미료의 제조 조건을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 다시마에 함유된 정미성분의 추출은 열수 추출이나 효소분해 법보다 70% ethyl alcohol 처리가 효과적이었으며, 분말제품의 수율을 높이기 위해서는 잔사를 다시 열수 추출시키는 것이 효과적이었다. 다시마 분말에 70% ethyl alcohol을 5배량 가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 추출하고 여과한 잔사에 다시 물을 15배 가하여 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 추출하였을 때 고형물의 농도는 14.9%였다. 다시마 분말조미료는 ethyl alcohol 추출액을 막으로 통과시켜 분자량 5,000 dal-ton이하 범위로 분획한 액을 진공동결건조하여 제품으로 하였다. 다시마 분말조미료 제품의 조성 중 탄수화물 함량이 64.9%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 총질소량 및 아미노질소량은 3.7% 및 2.1%로 나타나 총질소량에 대한 아미노질소량의 비율은 56.8%이었다. 그리고 상대습도 0.88에서의 흡습성은 8.4%, 용해성은 98.3%, 건조수율은 14.7%였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2014

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of crude glycerin (CGLY) in diets on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and nitrogen utilization of goats. Four male crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) goats, with an average initial weight of $26{\pm}3.0$ kg, were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with four 21 days consecutive periods. Treatments diets contained 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of dietary DM of CGLY. Based on this experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatment groups regarding DM intake and digestion coefficients of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF). Likewise, mean serum glucose, BHBA, and PCV concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments, whereas serum insulin concentration linearly increased (L, p = 0.002) with increasing the amount of CGLY supplementation. Ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N, and BUN concentration were unchanged by dietary treatments, except for 20% of CGLY, $NH_3$-N, and BUN were lower (p<0.05) than for the diets 10% of CGLY, while the difference between the diets 0%, 5%, and 20% of CGLY were not significant. The amount of N absorption and retention were similar among treatments. Based on this study, CGLY levels up to 20% in total mixed ration could be efficiently utilized for goats and this study elucidates a good approach to exploiting the use of biodiesel production for goat production.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2002

An efficient low-input system (LIS) for fertiliser use in rice cultivation is necessary to reduce fossil energy use and pollution. Japanese people like Japonica rice, especially cv. Koshihikari. However, it has very low lodging resistance in Japanese weather condition. Our objective was to develop a LIS with the minimum sacrifice of grain yield in rice. Koshihikari was grown using conventional fertilization as a control (CON) with 4 g N $m^{-2}$., 8g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ and 8 g $K_2$O $m^{-2}$ as a basal fertilizer dressing. It was compared with a low fertilizer treatment (LF) with only 4 g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ as a basal dressing in the first year and no basal phosphorus fertilizer in the second year. Chopped rice straw was incorporated into the soil before the cropping season in both years. Fertilizer of 4 g N $m^{-2}$ was top-dressed at 15 days before heading in CON plots and 30 days before heading in LF plots in both years. Lodging was significantly less in LF than in CON plots, however, no rice straw effect was found in low fertilized condition. Grain yields in LF plots were reduced by 15-16% below those of CON plots. Lower yields in LF plots were associated with a reduced number of spikelets per unit area. However, big spikelet size was acquired in LF by 10 days earlier N top dressing than CON plots. A close relationship was found between spikelet numbers and N content of the plant at heading, and between grain yield or shoot dry weight and N content of the plant at maturity. Regardless of the fertilizer application methods, N use efficiency for the number of spikelets, final total dry matter and grain yield was essentially identical among fertilizer treatments. The reduced growth and yield in the LF plots resulted from low absorption of nitrogen. Conclusively, LIS can drastically reduce chemical fertilizer use and facilitate harvest operations by reducing lodging with some yield reduction..

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Recent studies for heavy metal stabilization in soil were mainly focused on finding out new materials and its efficiency. But, such a stabilization method can cause disturbance to soil, leading improper environment for agriculture. The object of this study was to demonstrate the effect of the incorporation of green manure crops on heavy metal-contaminated soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil contaminated with heavy metals was collected from the agricultural soils affected by the abandoned mine. Lime stone was selected and treated to contaminated soil. Three kinds of legume green manure crops; Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), Red clover (Trifolium pratense) were subsequently cultivated in greenhouse condition. It was found that lime stone increased soil pH and decreased the amount of heavy metal absorption by green manure. The application of green manure residues on soil increased soil pH and inorganic nitrogen. CONCLUSION: The C/N ratio of three green manures was low, indicating fast decomposition rate, resulting in nitrogen supplement, consequently. Considering the point that the soil was used for agricultural purpose, it was recommended that hairy vetch and red clover were preferred. Nevertheless, the heavy metal availability was also increased. Thus, it seemed that further study was needed to confirm that how long maintain a phenomenon.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.706-711
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• 1992

Papain과 pepsin에 의한 부분 가수분해가 번데기 농축단백질의 기능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. TCA 가용성 질소량을 측정하여 얻은 가수분해 정도는 papain으로 10분과 60분간 처리한 결과 각각 10.23%와 19.17% 였으며 pepsin으로 10분과 60분간 처리한 경우는 각각 15.41%와 21.41%로 나타났다. 효소처리한 번데기 농축단백질의 질소 용해도는 실험한 pH 전범위에서 증가하였으며 특히 papain과 pepsin 모두 60분 처리한것이 10분간 처리한것 보다 높게 나타났다. 0.03M $CaCl_2$를 첨가한 결과 전반적으로 질소 용해도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 번데기 농축단백질의 겉보기 밀도는 papain으로 처리시 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 pepsin의 겨우는 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 수분 흡수력의 경우 pepsin으로 10분간처리한것 이외에는 큰차이를 나타내지 않았으나 지방흡수력은 papain과 pepsin으로 부분 가수분해한 결과 전반적으로 증가하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 1976

보리가루-밀가루(중력분) 복합분에 있어서 보리가루 30%수준까지는 면대형성 및 절출등의 제면성이 양호하였고 겉보리가루보다는 쌀보리가루가 약간 우수한 제면성을 보였다. 이때 xanthan gum의 첨가는 이들복합분의 제면성을 향상시켰다. 그리고 쌀보리가루-탈지콩가루 복합분에서는 NSI(Nitrogen Solubility Index)가 높은 탈지콩가루만이 건면을 만들 수 있었으나 대체로 불량한 제면성을 보였다. 쌀보리가루-밀가루 복합분으로 만든 건면의 조리특성은 겉보리가루-밀가루의 그것보다 우수한 경향을 보였으며, xanthan gum의 첨가는 조리중 수분흡수 및 부피의 팽창을 촉진시켰다. 보리가루-밀가루 복합분으로 만든 건면의 조리후견고성 및 gumminess는 보리가루 혼합수준이 60%이상에서만이 밀가루 단독의 경우보다 저하되었으며, 쌀보리가루-탈지콩가루 복합분으로 만든 건면의 조리후 견고성은 특이하게 높은 현상을 보였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2008

Fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) with different degrees of hydrolysis by treatment with alcalase, pronase, flavourzyme and trypsin and isolated peptide were prepared from Hwangtae (yellow dried pollack, Theragra chalcogramma). Hwangtae protein hydrolysate was fractionated according to the molecular weight into six major types of APO1 (1.3 kDa), APO2 (1 kDa), APO3 (<1 kDa), APACE (<1 kDa), APG1 (70 kDa) and APG2 (70 kDa) isolated from the hydrolysate using consecutive chromatographic methods. Soluble peptide were produced from Hwangtae and evaluated for their nutritional and functional properties. Some functional properties of FPHs were assessed and compared with those of egg albumin or the soybean protein. APO2 had the highest nitrogen solubility value (94.2%), emulsion capacity and emulsion stability of the Alaska Pollack peptide ranged from 12.4 to 39.5 (mL of oil per 200 mg of protein) and 44.0% to 77.5%, respectively. Highest and lowest fat adsorption values were observed for APG1 (9.9 mL of oil per gram of protein) and APO3 (3.8 mL of oil per gram of protein), respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1044-1050
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• 2005

The reaction of cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($OH_2)_2]^+$ ([14]-decane = rac-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-teraazacyclotetradecane) with auxiliary ligands {$L_a$ = isothiocyanate ($NCS^-$), azide ($N3^-$) or chloroacetate(caa)} leads to a new cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($NCS)_2]ClO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ (1), cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($N_3)_2]ClO_4$ (2) or cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($caa)_2]ClO_4$ (3). These complexes have been characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, conductivity, IR and Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Analysis of the crystal structure of cis-[Cr([14]-decane)($NCS)_2]ClO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ reveals that central chromium(III) has a distorted octahedral coordination environment and two $NCS^-$anions are bonded to the chromium(III) ion via the Ndonor atom in the cis positions. The angle $N_{axial}-Cr-N_{axial}$ deviates by 13$^{\circ}$ from the ideal value of 180$^{\circ}$ for a perfect octahedron. The bond angle N-Cr-N between the Cr(III) ion and the two nitrogen atoms of the isothiocyanate ligands is close to 90$^{\circ}$. The bond lengths of Cr-N between the chromium and $NCS^-$groups are 1.964(5) and 2.000(5) $\AA$. They are shorter than those between chromium and nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle. The IR spectra of 1, 2 and 3 display bands at 2073, 1344 and 1684 $cm^{-1}$ attributed to the $NCS^-$, ${N_3}^-$ and caa groups stretching vibrations, respectively.