• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2003

The effects of carcass grade(B and E) and containing mugwort powder(0.3％) on the pH, volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), bacterial count and residual nitrite of the pork sausage were investigated during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$${\pm}$1 for 8 weeks. The pH value and VBN content of sausage containing mugwort powder were not significant different(p＞0.05) depending on the carcass grade as compared to sausage free of mugwort powder. The TBARS values of sausage containing mugwort powder were significantly lower than those of sausage free of mugwort powder up to 8 weeks of the chilling process. The sausage containing mugwort powder showed to have lower bacterial counts and residual nitrite contents than those free of mugwort powder depending on the carcass grade. However, those of sausage were not affected by the carcass grade.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2008

The purpose of this research relates to the development of natural preservatives. Here, Samultang ingredients (Rehmannia glutinosa, Cnidium officinale, Paeonia lactiflora and Angelica gigas) were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the antibacterial and antioxidative activities of the extracts were tested. The highest polyphenol contents were found in the water and ethanol extracts of Paeonia lactiflora (100 g) at 843.2 mg and 721.1 mg, respectively (p<0.05). The ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale demonstrated antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, and that from Paeonia lactiflora against S. aureus. The electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water extracts ranged from 67 to 84%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 68 to 84% at 1,000 ppm. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of the water extracts ranged from 47 to 50%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 50 to 56% at 1,000 ppm. The nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of the water extracts at 1,000 ppm of the water extracts ranged from 30 to 49%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 42 to 54% at pH 1.2, respectively. The NSAs of the extracts were highest at pH 1.2, and then decreased with increasing pH. The highest levels of antibacterial and antioxidant activity occurred with the water and ethanol extracts of Paeonia lactiflora, which had the highest polyphenol content among the Samultang ingredients. Over all, the ethanol extracts of the Samultang ingredients had higher activities than the water extracts. Considering the combined results, one can conclude that Samultang ingredient extracts would be useful as natural preservatives in the development of health foods.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1573-1580
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• 2016

The disease occurred in cultured eel (Anguilla japonica) in a recirculatory culture system without any separated filtration apparatus. As the pond had a high level of nitrite with $60mg/{\ell}$, 1% NaCl was added to reduce nitrite toxicity to eel. The first outbreak was observed a week after the NaCl treatment and continued for 10 days. Accumulated mortality was about 0.2-0.5%. Affected fish ranged from 150-350 g were usually anorexic and exhibited yellow colour in the skin of the abdominal region and at the base of pectoral fins, as well as in the eyes. In a few individuals with severe symptoms, the lateral skin was also yellowish. The spleen, kidney, muscle and gall bladder were yellowish and the liver was pale-yellow colour but green on the posterior part. The gall bladder was shrunken without bile. Some abnormal erythrocytes such as "tear drop" cells (dacrocyte) were observed in peripheral blood smears stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa. Hematocrit values and hemoglobin contents in the jaundiced eel were significantly lower compared with apparently heathy eel. Severe haemosiderosis accompanied by erythrophagocytosis was found in the kidney and spleen. Haemosiderin deposits were observed in macrophages of the haematopoietic tissue of the kidney and in the splenocytes. But no significant alterations were found in the hepatic cells. In this study we report the first outbreak of jaundice in cultured eel in Korea. Pathological and hematological investigations suggested that severe hemolysis may resulted in jaundice in eel although the cause of hemolytic jaundice was not identified in this study.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.208-217
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• 2011

This study explores the antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from Vitis coignetiea skins, and the result is as follows. Total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents were the highest in ethyl acetate extract, $53.4{\pm}1.2\;mg$/100 g and $644.7{\pm}3.7\;mg$/100 g, respectively. Electron donating abilities of solvent extracts from Vitis coignetiea skin were proportionally increased with concentration and ethyl acetate extract ($80.93{\pm}0.58%$) showed the higher activity than BHT($63.21{\pm}0.72%$) at concentration of $50\;{\mu}l$/mL. Reducing power of solvent extracts from Vitis coignetiea skin was the highest in ethyl acetate extract(1.769) at concentration of $1,000\;{\mu}l$/mL. TBARS of ethyl acetate extract was higher than ascorbic acid. Nitrite scavenging ability of solvent extracts from Vitis coignetiea skin(pH 1.2, $1,000\;{\mu}l$/mL) was the highest in ethyl acetate extract($92.5{\pm}2.4%$).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 2000

This study was determined protein reaction, antioxidative activity, nitrite scavening ability and antimicrobial activity of tannins isolated from astringent persimmon fruits. Tannins extracted from green persimmon fruits reacted highly with BSA(bovine serum albumin). Reactions between tannins and BSA were more active when contents of tannin were higher than that of BSA. Antioxidative abilities of green persimmon tannin were comparable to that of BHT(butylated hydroxytoluene). Green persimmon tannins exhibited remarkable nitrite-scavenging activity. Different antimicrobial activities of persimmon tannins were observed depending on the maturity. The growth of V. parahaemolyticus and E coil were highly inhibited by the addition of persimmon tannins. Tannins from soft persimmon did not have antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis and S. typhimurium.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

The building industry must aim at high-durability and sustainability. A holistic life cycle based approach is recommended to reduce the environmental load. In recent years, technical innovations in the construction industry have advanced to a great extent, and caused the active research and development of high-performance and multifunctional construction materials. Nowadays, various polymer powders have been commercialized to manufacture construction materials in the form of prepackaged-type products, which have rapidly been developed for lack of skilled workmen in construction sites. Recently, terpolymer powders of improved quality have been developed and commercialized as cement modifiers. And, hydrocalumite is a material that can adsorb the chloride ions (Cl-) causing the corrosion of reinforcing bars and liberate the nitrite ions (NO2-) inhibiting the corrosion in reinforced concrete, and can provide a self-corrosion inhibition function to the reinforced concrete. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the self-corrosion inhibition function of polymer-modified mortars using redispersible powders with hydrocalumite. Polymer-modified mortars using VA/E/MMA and VAE redispersible powders are prepared with various calumite contents and polymer-binder ratios, and tested for chloride ion penetration depth, corrosion inhibition. As a result, regardless of the polymer-binder ratio, the replacement of ordinary portland cement with hydrocalumite has a marked effect on the corrosion-inhibiting property of the polymer-modified mortars. Anti-corrosion effect of polymer-modified mortars using VA/E/MMA terpolymer powder with hydrocalumite is higher than that of VAE copolymer powder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary factors, normal fat and genistein leads to beneficial improvement of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in adult hyperlipidemic male rats. Seven wk-old male SD rats were fed high fat diet (15% fat, 1% cholesterol) for 4 wks for induction of hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched rats were then assigned to four groups according to dietary fat level (7% or 15% fat) and genistein contents (0 or 320 mg/kg diet). Food intake was significantly decreased by both high fat intake and genistein supplementation compared with normal fat intake and genistein no supplementaion. But weight gain was significantly decreased by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. But total cholesterol in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation in both high fat and normal fat intake. TBARS in serum and liver was less produced by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake but TBARS in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in normal fat intake. Glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes was significantly reduced by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in liver were significantly inhibited by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. Catalase activity in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in high fat intake. Nitrite was significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. These results suggest that normal fat intake has the treatment effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by reducing lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation. And genistein shows action as a antioxidant replacing antioxidant enzymes but also may act as prooxidant causing the production of TBARS.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

In this study, the antioxidant ability, anti-inflammatory ability and whitening effect of the extracted Grateloupia filicina under optimal conditions were confirmed. The useful substances of Grateloupia filicina were extracted with various ethanol aqueous solutions to measure DPPH, ABTS, and nitrite radical elimination capabilities, and the polyphenol and flavonoid contents were analyzed. When extracted with a 20% ethanol aqueous solution, the radical elimination ability was the best, and the content of polyphenol and flavonoids was also the highest. From this, it was confirmed that the 20% ethanol aqueous solution efficiently extracted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances of Grateloupia filicina. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of the Grateloupia filicina extract were confirmed using RAW 264.7 cell lines. Grateloupia filicina extract did not show toxicity at a concentration of 200 ㎍/mL, and showed NO production inhibitory capacity of 50% or more at this concentration. As a result, it was confirmed that the Grateloupia filicina extract can be used as a functional cosmetic raw material having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.368-372
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• 2003

The growth and amino acid contents of the cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis strain NIES 46, were investigated using ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, or urea as the sole nitrogen source in a batch culture. Chlorophyll a concentration was highest at 2,096$\mu\textrm{g}$/L in the nitrate group after 10days of cultivation, while the dry weight of S. platensis was highest at 4.5g/L in the ammonium group after 30days of cultivation. The total amino acid content was highest at 174mg/g dry weight of S. platensis in the urea group at the end of the cultivation period, yet the amino acid patterns for S. platensis were similar for all the experimental groups. Therefore, it seemed that the growth and amino acid composition of S. platensis varied depending on the type of nitrogen sources, while the amino acid patterns were not changed. Also, the most efficient harvesting time for S. platensis seemed to be approximately 10 days after cultivation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.374-381
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the antioxidant effects and antimicrobial activity of extracts from yacon powder. The total polyphenol contents of yacon powder extracted with methanol was 38.5 mg/g, while extracted with water was 24.0 mg/g. Extractions with methanol were therefore more effective than with water. The total flavonoid contents of yacon powder extracted with methanol was 9.2 mg/g, while that with water was 7.8 mg/g. The electron donating ability of yacon powder extracts, natural antioxidant, and artificial antioxidant at 1.0 mg/mL arranged in order of decreasing concentration were ascorbic acid (98.7%) > BHT (44.7%) > methanol extract (12.1%) > water extract (7.8%). Nitrite-scavenging ability of yacon powder extracted with methanol at pH 1.2 was 13.1%, while that of powder extracted with water at pH 1.2 was 6.8%. And, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of yacon powder with methanol at 5 mg/mL was 40.2%. The antimicrobial activity of yacon powder extracted with methanol could be detected on Bacillus cereus ($10,000{\mu}g/disc$) and Staphylococcus aureus ($10,000{\mu}g/disc$).