• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2020

This study was performed to verify the possibility of nitrification and denitrification in a single reactor. In batch type experiment, optimal point of experimental conditions could be found by performing the experiments. When supply location of microbubbles was located at half of width of the aeration tank and operating pressure of 0.5 bar, it was possible for zones in the aeration tank to be separated into anoxic and aerobic by controlling air suction rate according to operating pressure of the generator. To be specific, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in zone 1 and 2 of the aeration tank could be maintained as less than 0.5 mg/L. Also, in the case of concentration of oxygen in zone 3 and 4, the concentration of DO was increased up to 1.7 mg/L due to effects of microbubbles. In continuous flow type experiment based on the results of batch type experiments, the removal efficiency of nitrogen based on T-N was observed as 39.83% at operating pressure of 0.5 bar and 46.51% at operating pressure of 1 bar so it was able to know that sufficient air suction rate should be required for nitrification. Also, denitrification process could be achieved in a single reactor by using ejector type microbubble generator and organic matter and suspended solid could be removed. Therefore, it was possible to verify that zones could be separated into anoxic and aerobic and nitrification and denitrification process could be performed in a single reactor.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2009

The objectives of this research were focused on the effects of various operating parameters on nitrous oxide emission such as C/N ratio, ammonia concentration and HRT in the hybrid and suspension reactors. With the decreasing of C/N ratios, $N_2O$ emission rates in the both processes were increased because organic carbon source for denitrification was depleted. In case of biofilm reactor operated using medium, $N_2O$ release from the nitrification was not affected by the variation of ammonia concentration. But in the suspension reactor, $N_2O$ production from the nitrification was rapidly increased with the increase of ammonia. Nitrite accumulation caused by undesirable nitrification conditions could be a important reason for the increase in the $N_2O$ production from the aerobic reactor. And rapid increase in $N_2O$ production was reflected by the decrease of HRT, similar to the results observed in the results of ammonia loading changes. So it could be said that it is very important to put in consideration both its optimum conditions for wastewater treatment efficiency and suitable conditions for $N_2O$ diminish, simultaneously, in order to development an eco-friendly and advanced wastewater treatment, especially in BNR process.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

하폐수의 생물학적 고도처리 공정의 설계와 운전 최적화에 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위하여 ASM3를 이용하여 부상여재반응기(ABF)에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. 대상 반응기로서는 수중의 부유물질 제거와 질산화 반응을 위해 이용되는 호기적 부상여재반응기로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 하폐수 고도처리공정 중 활성슬러지의 생흡착반응을 이용한 전체 시스템 중에 흡착조를 거친 유출수를 부상여재를 이용하여 질산화시키는 공정에 대한 해석을 목적으로 하였다. 민감도 분석과 영향평가를 위해서 상용 수처리 공정해석 프로그램인 GPS-X(V 5.0)을 이용하였다. 민감도 분석을 통해 공정거동에 영향이 큰 매개변수($Y_A$, $k_{sto}$, ${\mu}_A$, $K_{A,HN}$)가 결정되었고, 70일간의 pilot plant 운전자료를 이용한 동적 시뮬레이션을 통해 최적화하였다. 최적화된 매개변수 값들은 $Y_A$가 0.14, $k_{sto}$는 3.5/d, ${\mu}_A$는 2.7/d, $K_{A,HN}$는 1.1mg/L로 결정되었다. 최적화된 매개변수 값들을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였고, 부상여재반응기의 수리학적 체류시간(HRT)을 10분에서 4시간으로 변화시키면서 TN, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $NO_3{^-}-N$의 변화를 예측하여 실측값과 비교한 결과 HRT가 10분 정도로 매우 짧은 운전조건에서도 60%에 가까운 질산화율을 보여주고 있었다. 짧은 HRT에서 우수한 질산화 능력을 보인 부상여재의 특성을 이용하여 유량변동이 매우 큰 현장에 부상여재반응기가 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to evaluate on the removal effect of total nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater with temperature change from 1$0^{\circ}C$ to 24$^{\circ}C$ in CNR(Cilia Nutrient Removal) process. CNR process is the process combining $A^2$/O process with cilium media of H2L company. The removal efficiencies for T-N were found to be 57.9% at 1$0^{\circ}C$ below, 53.7% at 10-2$0^{\circ}C$, 52.2%at 20-24$^{\circ}C$ and 44.4% over 24$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The removal efficiencies for T-P were 53.3% at 1$0^{\circ}C$ below, 59.1% at 10-2$0^{\circ}C$, 72.4% at 20-24$^{\circ}C$ and 50.0% over 24$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The specific nitrification rate (kg NH$_3$-N/kg MLSS.d) of Oxic basin was 0.088 and 0.053 at 1$0^{\circ}C$ below, 0.077 at 10-2$0^{\circ}C$, 0.097 at 20-24$^{\circ}C$ and 0.088 over 24$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The specific denitrification rate (kg NH$_3$-N/kg MLSS.d) in anaerobic and anoxic was 0.013, 0.008 respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate EPS and SMP variation of sludge and effluent in nitrification and denitrification process with zeolite addition, a possible reduction of effluent DOC by URC(Ultra Rapid Coagulation) process. As a biological wastewater treatment result, EPS formation of both aeration and anoxic sludges are not affect by SRT variation. However, EPS concentration of sludges is higher in aeration tank than in anoxic tank by 6~8 mg EPS/ g VSS. Linear relationship between SMP to DOC indicates that SMP of bulk solution contributes to most of the biological treatment effluent DOC. DOC and turbidity removal efficiency was more improved with URC process than in a conventional coagulation. For pretreatment of UF filtration DOC removal was advanced by URC process than only UF filtration.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

This research aims to develop biofilm process for the nutrient removal of piggery wastewater. The developed process is the four stage anoxic-oxic biofilm process with recirculation of the final effluent. In summery, the results are as follows: 1. Nitrification in the piggery wastewater built up nitrite because of the high strength ammonia nitrogen. The nitrification of nitrobacter by free ammonia was inhibited in the total ammonia nitrogen loading rate with more than 0.2 kgNH$_{3}$-N/m$^{3}$·d. 2. The maximal total ammonia nitrogen removal rate was obtained at 22$\circ $C and without being affected by the loading rate. But total oxidized nitrogen production rate was largely affected by loading rate. 3. Autooxidation by the organic limit was a cause of the phosphorus release in the aerobic biofilm process. But the phosphorus removal rate was 90 percent less than the influent phosphorus volumetric loading rate of above 0.1 kgP/m$^{3}$·d. Therefore, the phosphorus removal necessarily accompanied the influent loading rate. 4. On the anoxic-oxic BF process, the total average COD mass balance was approximately 67.6 percent. Under this condition, the COD mass removal showed that the cell synthesis and metabolism in aerobic reactor was 42.8 percent and that the denitrification in anoxic reactor was 10.7 percent, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2006

The present study evaluated effect of temperature on removals of organic matter (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in Modified-Dephanox (M-Dephanox) process, which is hybrid system, comparing with those of Modified-Ludzack Ettinger (MLE) under the suspended-growth bacteria, as control. M-Dephanox process was more stable than MLE process in the removal of C, N, P, especially in nitrification, as the temperature was decreased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $16^{\circ}C$. As the temperature was decreased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $16^{\circ}C$, the removal efficiency of $NH_4{^+}-N$ of M-Dephanox process was decreased by 3.8%, but that of MLE process decreased by 25.7%. T-N removal efficiency of M-Dephanox was higher than MLE process by 27.1% and 26.9% at $25^{\circ}C$ and $16^{\circ}C$ of temperature, respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.875-883
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• 2006

The carbon and nitrogen removal process using PVA-gel (Polyvinyl Alcohol) immobilized microorganisms was studied. The process has been operated under diverse process conditions for 12 months. The process consists of denitrification with internal recycle of 300%, nitrification, aerobic digestion reactors and settling tank. Nitrificatoin and nitrogen removal efficiency according to gel packing ratio and temperature were studied. Yield for Heterotrophs ($Y_H$), decay coefficient for Heterotrophs($b_H$) in aerobic digestion reactor were determined to seize sludge reduction mechanism and compared with typical data of activated sludge process. Then SRT in aerobic digestion reactor was determined on an experimental basis and sludge reduction efficiency was calculated. The process was implemented successfully with sludge reduction efficiency of 92.0~98.5% on a basis of biomass.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1999

An intermittently-aerated, intermittently-decanted single-reactor process (KIDEA process : KIST intermittently decanted extended aeration process) was applied for nitrogen removal from wastewater. Synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD): nitrogen (N) ratio of approximately 5.25: 1 was used. The average COD removal efficiency reached above 95%, and under optimal conditions nitrogen removal efficiency also reached above 90%. This process consisted of 72 minute aeration, 48 minute settling and 24 minute effluent decanting with continuous feeding of influent wastewater from the bottom of the reactor, and did not require a separate anoxic mixing-phase. In this process, nitritation ($1^{st}$ step of nitrification) was induced but nitratation($2^{nd}$ step of nitrification) was suppressed. Main factors responsible for the accumulation of nitrite ion in the experimental condition were free ammonium and dissolved oxygen. This condition of nitrite build-up accelerated by continuous feed flow in the bottom of the KIDEA reactor because of high concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the influent. This research provides one of answers to control nitrate build-up.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.86-96
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• 1998

In this study, an intermittently aerated activated sludge process, modified process from conventional activated sludge process, was developed to treat high strength swine wastewater, which has been blamed as major pollutant for stream pollution. Therefore, the optimum cycle for oxic and anoxic period, SRT, and OLR were studied as design parameters. The effects of different time interval for oxic and anoxic period on nitrification and denitrification were examined by operating two reactors with 60/60min and 60/90min as oxic/anoxic period. Although the reactor with 60/60min showed complete denitrification of $NO_x-N$ generated during oxic period, the reactor with 60/90min showed incomplete nitrification due to the inactivity of nitrifier by accumulated $NH_3-N$ toxicity during anoxic period. Therefore, it is recommended to operate same interval for oxic and anoxic period. In order to determine the optimum cycle for oxic/anoxic period, four different reactors with 30/30, 60/60, 90/90 and 120/120min were examined. The reactor operation with 90/90min was optimum to get the most stable results in this study. However, the optimum cycle for oxic and anoxic period should be changed with characteristics of influent wastewater and operating conditions. According to lie operation results of three reactors with SRT of 15, 20 and 30days. The reactor with 2Odays SRT showed best removal efficiency of T-N. The optimum OLR would be $2.5Kg\;COD/m^3/day$ which showed the most stable nitrification and denitrification. Since characteristics of influent wastewater in the real system has a severe fluctuation, so it is very difficult to determine each interval for oxic and anoxic period. Therefore, ORP curves, describing the change of oxidation/reduction potential in reactor, can be used as a control parameter for automatic control of oxic and anoxic period. In other words, bending point (Nitrate Knee) of ORP curve during anoxic period could be used as a starting point of oxic period.