• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

The methanol extract of Coscinium fenestratum, commonly own as tree turmeric, which is widely used in the indigenous system of medicine was studied for its in vitro scavenging activity in different methods viz DPPH scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, iron chelation activity, superoxide scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation. The results were analyzed statistically by regression method. Its antioxidant activity was estimated by $IC_{50}$ value and the values are $57.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH radical scavenging, $36.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for iron chelating activity, $51.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ for nitric oxide scavenging, $53.63\;{\mu}g/ml$ for ABTS scavenging, $44.2\;{\mu}g/ml$ for superoxide scavenging, and $40\;{\mu}g/ml$ for lipid peroxidation. In all the methods, the extract showed its ability to scavenge free radicals in a concentration dependent manner. The results indicate that C. fenestratum has potent antiofidant activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 2013

Screenings of potential antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE Major. fruits extracted 80% methanol were performed using four antioxidant assays. Significant differences were observed both in total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in the extract were measured to be $224.4{\pm}0.52$ mg GAE/100 g and $12{\pm}0.25$ mg QE/100 g, respectively. When the tested concentration was $500{\mu}g/mL$, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of methanolic extracts were 84.15% and 88.8%, respectively. The reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging activity were increased at the manner of dose-dependently. These results suggest that methanolic extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. fruits possess excellent radical scavenging activities and may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

The effect on the antioxidant activity and Nitric Oxide activity production inhibitory activity of Taraxacum has not been known. Therefore, phenolics and flavonoid contents were investigated from the ethanol extracts of five different Taraxacum species. The results showed that, among the five Taraxacum, T. hallaisanensis contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. When the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH, $ABTS^+$ and reducing power activity, the free radical scavenging activity of T. hallaisanensis was also the highest among five Taraxacum species. However, measurement by CCK-8 assay in Raw264.7 cells indicated that the extracts of Taraxacum species have no effect on cell viability. Moreover, we also investigated the effect of Taraxacum species on NO scavenging activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. The results clearly showed that Taraxacum species inhibited NO production, and the inhibitory effect of T. hallaisanensis was the strongest. The above results suggested that Taraxacum species affected the antioxidant and NO scavenging activity, and among the five species, antioxidant and NO scavenging activity assay of T. hallaisanensis was significantly higher than those of other four Taraxacum species. Therefore, T. hallaisanensis could be used as a potential drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Antioxidant activities of Ulmus davidiana root and bark extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant tests, including DPPH radical-scavenging, nitric oxide-scavenging, superoxide anion radical-scavenging, and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and reducing power analysis, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Both the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities by these testing methods. Ulmus davidiana root extract possessed strong reducing power and nitric oxide-scavenging activity, and high scavenging activities against free radicals including the superoxide anion, and the ABTS and DPPH radicals, but a weaker scavenging activity of SOD. In contrast, the Ulmus davidiana bark extract exhibited a strong SOD-like activity, but all the other activities were weak. It was observed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Ulmus davidiana root extract were higher than those of the Ulmus davidiana bark extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.170-175
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• 2007

Activated microglia by neuronal injury or inflammatory stimulation overproduce nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. The toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$), the reaction product of NO and superoxide anion further contributes to oxidative neurotoxicity. We tried to evaluate the effects of two kinds of varieties of Perilla frutescens var japnica Hara on the NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. The perilla cultivars of Namcheondeulkkae (NC) and Boradeulkkae (BR) were developed by pure line from the local variety and by a cross between 'deulkkae' and 'chajogi', respectively. Spirit, hexane, chloroform and butanol fractions of the leaves of NC and BR inhibited the production of NO in LPS-activated microglia. The fractions of BR showed stronger activity than NC and the spirit extracts was the most potent in both cultivars. The solvent fractions of BR suppressed the expression of protein and mRNA of iNOS in LPS-activated microglial cells. Moreover, the extracts of NC and BR showed the activity of peroxynitrite scavenging in cell free bioassay system. These results imply that Namcheondeulkkae and Boradeulkkae might have neuroprotective activity through the inhibition of NO production by activated microglial cells and peroxynitrite scavenging activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 2013

In the current study, antioxidant properties of extracts from different parts of Taraxacum officinale were determined by measuring the radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The antioxidant activity of aerial and root parts of this plant was measured in extracts obtained from various solvents, e.g., water, 50, 70, 100% ethanol, and hot-water. The hot-water extracts had the highest radical scavenging activities. A further study was conducted to determine the total antioxidant activity of hot-water extract fractions obtained from different solvents, e.g., chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction of this extract displayed the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and the highest total phenolic contents. The inhibitory effect of individual solvent fractions on the production of nitric oxide in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was measured. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of aerial and roots part extracts significantly reduced nitric oxide productions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.368-372
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of various solvent extracts of Lespedeza bicolor. The total polyphenol content of the methanol extract was 192.6 mg/g and flavonoid content of the acetone extract was 40.6 mg/g, as the highest content. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the ethanol and methanol extract were exhibited $0.69mg/m{\ell}$ and $0.89mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. However, in nitric oxide(NO) scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the acetone was exhibited $0.72mg/m{\ell}$ as the highest activity. Moreover, the acetone extract showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cytotoxicity measurement by MTT assay, the extracts were exhibited Raw 264.7 cell viabilities of 92.57~129.04% as nontoxic result in concentration of $65{\sim}650{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. As a result, the acetone extract of L. bicolor could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory related fields.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2007

In this study, we examined the antimutagenicity of red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp ethanol extracts using the standard Ames test in the presence and absence of S9 mix. The extracts showed inhibitory effects on both the TA98 and TA100 Salmenella Typhimurium strains against the mutagenic activity of promutagen 2-aminoanthracene, and were also protective against the directly acting mutagens sodium azide and 2-nitrofluorene. The red pepper seed elicited stronger antimutagenicity than the red pepper pericarp. Both the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp directly quenched nitric oxide to different degrees and the scavenging activities increased with increasing concentrations. Nitric oxide scavenging activity ranged from $22{\sim}77%$ in the red pepper seed, and from $36{\sim}49%$ in the red pepper pericarp. The TEAC values for red pepper seed extract were $47.89{\pm}1.64mg\;g^{-1}$ in the ABTS radical scavenging assays, while those of red pepper pericarp extract were $94.18{\pm}1.61mg\;g^{-1}$. Therefore, we conclude that red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp have antimutagenic activities as well as antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.362-367
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• 2011

The study was conducted to investigate functional materials as skin whitening and anti-inflammatory agent from Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum coreanum. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of Taraxacum officinale were found to be 64.07mg/g and 32.46mg/g, respectively. In tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. However, in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability, the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cell viability measurement by MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against L929 cell, the extracts were exhibited fine cell viabilities and normal LDH release levels as nontoxic result in sample concentration of $250{\sim}1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. As a result, the ethanol extract and the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory and skin whitening related fields, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.934-939
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• 2007

In recent year, We are concerned about anti-aging, disease-prevention, longevity, so many methods are used in solving this problem. And Those are related with antioxidative ability. Recently, We heard that Mori Cortex was known to reduce the hypertension and was helpful in promoting health, and Mori Ramulus was effective against obesity, etc. So, This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effect of hot-water extracts of Mori Cortex and Mori Ramulus used for 3 methods, those are DPPH radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide(NO) radical scavenging activity and Bovine serum albumin(BSA). And we compared Mori Cortex and Mori Ramulus on Antioxidative Effects. The results of this study were as follows: We measured levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity and Nitric oxide(NO) radical scavenging activity. And we obtained results that Mori Ramulus was most effective with the concentration of 5 $mg/m{\ell}$, and Mori Cortex was most effective with the concentration of 2.5 $mg/m{\ell}$, And we examined the antioxidative effects of Mori Ramulus and Mori Cortex with $CU^{2+}/H_20_2$-induced Bovine serum albumin(BSA). And we obtained that antioxidative ability was increased after 1.25 $mg/m{\ell}$ and that was most effective with the concentration of 5 $mg/m{\ell}$ on both of them. And antioxidative ability of Mori Cortex was better than Mori Ramulus(p<0.05). So I guess that hot-water extracts of Mori Ramulus and Mori Cortex have effects on antioxidative ability, but Mori Cortex is better than Mori Ramulus on antioxidation. Hereafter we need differential experimental methods of antioxidative effect on both of them.