• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.93-107
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was examine the health and food intakes of industrial workers who worked day and night. The questionnaire asked them about their health, stress, knowledge of nutrition, food habits, food intakes and frequency. The night-time workers had a stomachache compaired with day-time workers. Male day-time workers were more prone to stress than night-time workers in the area of job. In the areas of nutritional knowledge and food habits, there were no significant differences between day-and night-time workers for both male and female. Intakes of rice, bread, noddle, meat, fish. beans, vegetables in night-time workers were less than day-time workers. Also the male night-time workers consumed more milk and carbonated drinks than the day-time workers. The night-time workers were worse than the day-time workers and the female night-time workers were the worst. Considering the above results, the night-time workers should correct their food habits and have a well-balanced diet.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.615-627
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the eating habits and nutrient intake of industrial workers who work day and night shifts. In the area of percentage of skipped meals, the day shift workers responded that they usually skipped breakfast and the night shift workers often skipped lunch and dinner. The day shift workers answered that they skipped meals because of lack of time. The night shift workers cited poor appetite as their main reason for skipping meals. The intake of calories, Vitamin $B_2$ and calcium of the industrial workers who worked day and night shift was lower than the Korean RDA. The intake of iron of the male night shift workers was lower than the Korean RDA The intake of calories, protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin $B_2$and niacin, vitamin C of the female night shift workers was lower than the Korean RDA. In the area of nutrient intake, the night shift workers both male and female got lower scales than the day shift workers. The nutrient intake of the female night shift workers was the worst. Because they cook for themselves and live alone, their nutrient intake and eating habits were bad. The night shift workers were worse than the day shift workers and the female night shift workers were the worst. Considering the above results, night shift workers should correct their poor eating habits, their nutrient intake and have a well-balanced diet.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.19.1-19.5
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• 2023

There are several types of shift work in Korea: rotating shift, 24-hour shift, day-night shift, fixed night work, and.so on. As a result of analyzing the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 6th Korean Working Condition Survey, Korean shift workers accounted for 11.6%-13.9% of wage workers. Weekly working hours of shift workers were 57.69 ± 1.73 (24-hours shift) and 49.97 ± 0.67 (fixed night shift), which were significantly longer than day workers. To prevent health consequences of night work, many countries regulate the working hours of night work not to exceed 7-9 hours a day. However, Korea does not regulate working hours for night work, and some occupations may work more hours than the prescribed overtime hours. To prevent health consequences and reduce working hours for Korean night shift workers, it is necessary to regulate the working hours of night shift workers by law.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.344-348
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• 2004

This study regarded irregular life styles such as nigh-shifts as contrary to the norm advised in the rules of Yang-saeng to analyze the problems brought about in relation to the concept of 'Yin-deficiency syndrome'. Yin-deficiency survey was given to sales workers on a big shopping mall in Seoul to compare the measurements of daytime workers to those of nigh-shift workers. The measurement of complaining symptoms related to Yin-deficiency of daytime workers and night-shift workers were compared, In comparison of the daytime workers and the night-shift workers, night-shift workers showed higher measurements than the daytime workers in the item of irritable fever on the five Hearts, flushing of the zygomatic region in the afternoon, tidal fever, dizziness, insomnia, yellow and scanty urination, and constipation. Especially tidal fever, insomnia, and constipation showed statistically significant difference. The total of ten items consisting of Yin-deficiency-related symptoms showed statistically significant high score in night-shift workers than the daytime workers. 'Factors for deficiency-type Heat' consisting of irritable fever on the five Hearts, flushing of the zygomatic region in the afternoon, tidal fever, and dried mouth and throat showed statistically significant high score in night-shift workers than the daytime workers. 'Accompanying factors' consisting of night sweats, emaciation, dizziness, insomnia, yellowish and scanty urination, and constipation also showed statistically and significantly high score in night-shift workers than the daytime workers. From the above results that night-shift workers show high degree of Yin-deficiency than daytime workers, and those overworking irregularly also show high degree of Yin-deficiency than those who work for adequate amount of time regularly implies that sitting up at night for work and sleeping at daytime, excessive work, and irregular life styles all function as high-risk factor for Yin-deficiency.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.240-248
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• 2015

Background: Recovery from fatigue is important in maintaining night workers' health. This study compared the course of self-reported recovery after 2-week 12-hour schedules consisting of either night shifts or swing shifts (i.e., 7 night shifts followed by 7 day shifts) to such schedules consisting of only day work. Methods: Sixty-one male offshore employees-20 night workers, 16 swing shift workers, and 25 day workers-rated six questions on fatigue (sleep quality, feeling rested, physical and mental fatigue, and energy levels; scale 1-11) for 14 days after an offshore tour. After the two night-work schedules, differences on the $1^{st}$ day (main effects) and differences during the follow-up (interaction effects) were compared to day work with generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: After adjustment for confounders, significant main effects were found for sleep quality for night workers (1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.89) and swing shift workers (1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.94) when compared to day workers; their interaction terms were not statistically significant. For the remaining fatigue outcomes, no statistically significant main or interaction effects were found. Conclusion: After 2-week 12-hour night and swing shifts, only the course for sleep quality differed from that of day work. Sleep quality was poorer for night and swing shift workers on the $1^{st}$ day off and remained poorer for the 14-day follow-up. This showed that while working at night had no effect on feeling rested, tiredness, and energy levels, it had a relatively long-lasting effect on sleep quality.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Based on a literature review regarding shift work, it is recognized that it has an adverse effect on workers' health. Especially, the night shift rather than the day shift imposes severe disorders on workers, which are indicated to dyssomnia, maladaptation to social life, and health problems such as gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and depression. As the shift work can be explainable by using workers' labor ability necessarily to maintain company business consistently, it does not consider biorhythm, active mass and health condition of workers Actually duration of shit work would deprive workers of fundamental life rights by causing physical and mental effects. As a result of reviewing previous case studies related to effect of work pattern (day shift and night shift) on workers' health, an incidence of physical diseases like dyssomnia, gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and premature delivery was higher in shift workers than normal workers. Additionally the incidence of mental disorders such as busy brain, social isolation, depression and work stress was also higher in shift workers than normal workers. These adverse physical and mental problems were intensified to night shift workers compared to day shift workers. Considering current various reports and study results, it is recommended that the shift work, especially the night work pattern, should not apply to contemporary work situation for sustaining workers' health condition constantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.188-196
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• 2005

Accident reports from 1991 to 2000 of a steel company were used to analyze which factors induce industrial accidents. The subjects were 8,311 blue-collar workers, who sustained 114 occupational injuries and work on a continuous full-day 3-team 3-shift system of backward rotation(mornings to afternoons to nights). With respect to marital status, the occupational injury rate(OIR) on the married workers was significantly higher compared to unmarried workers. With respect to no, the OIR of those in their early 20s was significantly higher when compared to other age groups. The OIR of highly educated workers showed a reduction when compared with lower educated workers. The OIR of shift workers were significantly higher compared with the daytime workers. The OIR of type of work decreased across the steel manufacturing process, rolling process, machine maintenance section forwarding products section to the field management section. With respect to the block of shift work(morning, afternoon, and night shifts) by the type of work, the OIR of the night shift was higher than those of the morning shift in the steel manufacturing process or forwarding products section. The OIR of the machine maintenance section was slightly higher in the morning shift than those of the night shift. The OIR of the time of day of the shift workers reached a peak between 09:00 and 11:00. The OIR of a slight injury to shift workers decreased across the night, afternoon, to morning shifts whereas the OIR of a serious injury tended to decrease across the night, morning, to afternoon shift. The body parts most commonly injured were the arm and the crus.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.421-436
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the dental treatment needs of workers depending on their shifts and working patterns. Methods: Only workers aged 15 or older according to the $6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) were considered eligible. A total of 9,092 people who responded to health surveys and completed oral examinations and interviews were selected for the study. Statistical analysis was carried out by the complex samples general linear model. Results: As the daytime workers' age increased, the requirement for restorative treatment decreased. In contrast, the requirement for tooth extraction caused by dental caries and periodontal disease increased. As the evening shift workers' age increased, the requirement for restorative treatment decreased. In the case of shift workers, the requirement for restorative treatment was lowest in those aged 50-64 years and highest in those aged 30-49 years. In the case of smokers; the daytime workers required a higher amount of restorative treatment, pulpal treatment, and tooth extraction due to dental caries and periodontal disease; the night shift workers required a higher amount of restorative treatment; and the shift workers required a higher amount of tooth extraction caused by periodontal disease. The results of comparing the dental treatment needs depending on working patterns were: the need for restorative treatment was higher in night shift workers (0.377) than in shift workers (0.245); the requirement for pulpal and restorative treatment was higher in daytime workers (0.055) than in night shift workers (0.010); requirement for tooth extraction due to periodontal disease was higher in night shift workers (0.060) than in evening shift workers (0.012). Conclusions: There are differences in dental treatment needs depending on the workers' working patterns. Collective oral health care is needed at workplaces to promote the workers' oral health.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2015

Working the night-shift and long working hours may be linked to insomnia. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between night-shift work and long working-hours with regard to subjective insomnia in Korean workers. This study was based on the Third Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) conducted on workers in 2011. The total number of individuals included in the analysis was 34,708 workers. Adjusted odd ratios showed statistically effective associations to insomnia. For night-shift work, the results were 2.71 (1.53 - 4.82) for night shift work by experts and managers, 2.95 (2.11 - 4.11) for night-shift work by officers, and 3.90 (2.05 - 7.42) for night-shift work by engineers compared with day duty. For long working hours, the scores were 2.43 (1.68-3.51) for >52 working hours by officers, 1.72 (1.15 - 2.58) for those in sales and service compared to ${\leq}40$ working hours. We suggest the need for Korean workers to target specific groups when creating policies related to reasonable environmental conditions.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.52.1-52.13
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• 2023

Background: In 2019, the International Agency for Research on Cancer re-evaluated the carcinogenicity of night-shift work and reported that there is limited evidence that night-shift work is carcinogenic for the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, in 2020 and 2021, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that 2 cases of prostate cancer were occupational diseases related to the night-shift work. Here, we report the 2 cases of prostate cancer in night-shift workers which were first concluded as occupational diseases by the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee. Case presentation: Patient A: A 61-year-old man worked as a city bus driver for approximately 17 years, from 2002 to 2019, and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In March 2017, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core-needle biopsy after experiencing stinging pain lasting for 2 months. Patient B: A 56-year-old man worked as an electrician and an automated equipment operator in a cement manufacturing plant for 35 years from 1976 to 2013 and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In 2013, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core needle biopsy at a university hospital because of dysuria that lasted for 6 months. Conclusions: The 2 workers were diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer after working night shifts for 17 and 35 years respectively. Additionally, previous studies have reported that high-grade prostate cancer has a stronger relationship with night-shift work than low or medium-grade prostate cancer. Therefore, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that night-shift work in these 2 patients contributed to the development of their prostate cancer.