• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of nicotinic acid on sperm cryosurvival and fertilization ability in frozen-thawed boar semen. Boar semen was collected by glove-hand method and was frozen using freezing solution treated to 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM of nicotinic acid. The frozen sperm for sperm characteristic analysis was thawed such as viability, acrosome reaction, and mitochondrial integrity. The frozen-thawed sperm was estimated by SYBR14/PI double staining for viability, FITC-PNA/PI double staining for acrosome reaction and Rhodamine123/PI double staining for mitochondrial integrity using a flow cytometry. The embryo was estimated in vitro development and DCFDA staining for reactive oxygen species assessment. As results, frozen-thawed sperm viability was significantly higher in 5 and 10 mM ($61.1{\pm}1.5%$,$64.7{\pm}2.0%$) of nicotinic acid than other groups (0 mM, $52.1{\pm}2.3%$; 20 mM, $47.8{\pm}5.1%$, P<0.05). The live sperm with acrosome reaction was significantly higher in 5 and 10 mM of nicotinic acid ($26.1{\pm}1.8%$, $24.9{\pm}1.5%$) than other groups (0 mM, $35.3{\pm}0.8%$; 20 mM, $36.5{\pm}1.9%$, P<0.05). The live sperm with mitochondrial integrity was significantly higher in 5 and 10 mM ($84.2{\pm}3.6%$, $88.4{\pm}2.3%$) of nicotinic acid than other groups (0 mM, $77.3{\pm}4.4%$; 20 mM, $73.3{\pm}3.6%$, P<0.05). Blastocyst rate of in vitro development was significantly higher in 10 mM ($17.0{\pm}1.3%$) of nicotinic acid than other groups (0 mM, $9.4{\pm}0.5%$; 5mM, $12.6{\pm}0.8%$; 20 mM, $5.0{\pm}1.0%$, P<0.05). Moreover, total cell number was higher in 5 and 10 mM ($53.6{\pm}2.9%$, $57.9{\pm}2.8%$) of nicotinic acid than other groups (0 mM, $41.0{\pm}1.4%$; 20 mM, $23.2{\pm}2.8%$, P<0.05). Hydrogen peroxide in embryos was lower in 5 mM nicotinic acid ($0.7{\pm}0.1%$) than other groups (0 mM, $1.0{\pm}0.1%$; 10mM, $0.9{\pm}0.0%$; 20 mM, $1.4{\pm}1.0%$, P<0.05). In conclusion, nicotinic acid-treated semen improves cryosurvival and quality of spermatozoa. Also, the fertilized oocytes with nicotinic acid improve quality of embryo and blastocyst formation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

This study was conducted to simultaneous analysis methods for water soluble vitamins B group (vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$) which is used as health functional foods etc. Analytical methods of water-soluble vitamins B group by HPLC were established through instrumental analytical conditions, and the examination of data such as domestic and foreign reliable methods, and papers of journal. HPLC method analyzing water soluble vitamins B group was established using Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 column in 270 nm through test of columns. The validation has been performed on the method to determine linearity, accuracy, limits of quantification (LOQ) and repeatability for water soluble vitamins B group. An excellent linearity ($r^2=0.999$) was observed for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$ in the concentration range ($0.1{\sim}2{\mu}g/mL$). Observed recovery of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be between 100 and 103%, vitamin $B^2$ was found to be between 104 and 112%, nicotinic acid was found to be between 82 and 85%, nicotinamide was found to be between 121 and 124% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be between 95 and 104%. LOQ of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be $0.04{\mu}g/mL$, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be $0.05{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinic acid was found to be $0.15{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinamide was found to be $0.08{\mu}g/mL$ and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be $0.63{\mu}g/mL$. Repeatability precision for vitamin $B_1$ was found to be 0.4%, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be 0.4%, nicotinic acid was found to be 0.5%, nicotinamide was found to be 0.7% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be 0.4% relative standard deviation (RSD). Also, verify the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis methods, we monitored the labeled contents of the health functional foods and children's preferred foods.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 1973

In the previous paper the biological characteristics and some reaction mechanisms of Astradix-P, yeaststatic substance, were reported. Especially yeaststatic activity of Astradix-P was anta-gonistically inhibited by alkaline amino acids, arginine, lysine and histidine, which were added as a nitrogen source in the yeast growing medium. In this paper the effects of alkaline nitrogen containing substance and several vitamins on the yeaststatic activity were investigated. The antagonistic action of alkaline nitrogen containing substance; adenine and vitamins; thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxin, cobalamin, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid, inositol, and pantothenic acid to Astradix-P were not observed, thus evidencing that the yeaststatic activity of Astradix-P was not inhibited by a alkaline nitrogen containing substance and several vitamins.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1381-1384
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• 2003

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-207
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• 1977

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2008

The treatment of a model wastewater containing quinoline in an integrated wet oxidation-aerobic biological treatment was investigated. Partial wet oxidation under mild operating conditions was capable of converting the original quinoline to biodegradable organic acids such as nicotinic, formic and acetic acid, the solution of which was subjected to the subsequent aerobic biological treatment. The wet oxidation was carried out at 250$^{\circ}C$ and the initial pH of 7.0, and led to effluents of which nicotinic acid was oxidized through 6-hydroxynicotinic acid by a Bacillus species in the subsequent aerobic biological treatment. Either homogeneous catalyst of $CuSO_4$ or phenol, which is more degradable in the wet oxidation compared to quinoline, was also used for increasing the oxidation rate in the wet oxidation of quinoline at 200$^{\circ}C$. The oxidation of quinoline in the catalytic wet oxidation and the wet co-oxidation with phenol resulted in effluents of which nicotinic acid was biodegradable earlier in the aerobic biological treatment compared to those out of the non-catalytic wet oxidation at 250$^{\circ}C$. However, the lag phase in the biodegradation of nicotinic acid formed out of the wet oxidation at 250$^{\circ}C$ was considerably shortened after the adaptation of Bacillus species used in the aerobic biological treatment with the effluents of the quinoline wet oxidation.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of L-carnitine (LC) and nicotinic acid (NA) on sperm viability during liquid storage at $18^{\circ}C$ in miniature pigs. $10{\mu}M$ LC and 30 mM NA, combined LC and NA (LN) were treated in fresh semen for 3, 7, and 10 days. In results, sperm survival increased in NA- and LN-treated semen on 7 and 10 days (p<0.05), mitochondrial integrity of live sperm increased in LN-treated semen on 7 days (p<0.05), but not NA-treated semen. In addition, we examined the acrosome reaction of sperm in miniature pigs. LC and NA did not influence on acrosome reaction of boar sperm. In conclusion, LC and NA effectively maintained the viability and quality of sperm during long-term storage in miniature pigs, suggesting that the combined LN may be useful for improving the semen extender for long-term liquid storage in pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 1963

The crystal structure of nicotinic acid hydrochloride has been determined by two-dimensional x-ray method. The unit cell is monoclinic with a = 7.21 ${\AA}$, b = 6.69 ${\AA}$, c = 7.54 ${\AA}$, ${\beta}=100^{\circ}$, space group $C{\frac{2}{2}}-P2_1$, and contains two formula units. Weissenberg diagrams have been taken along the a, b and c axes with Cu K${\alpha}$ radiation and the positions of the atoms have been fixed by means of two dimensional Patterson syntheses, a Fourier projection along the b-axis and trial and error method. The bond lengths are: pyridine ring C-C = 1.38, 1.39 ${\AA}$, C-N = 1.34, 1.36 ${\AA}$, carboxyl group $C_4-C_6$ = 1.46 ${\AA}$, $C_6-O_1$ = l.33 ${\AA}$, $C_6-O_2$ = 1.19 ${\AA}$. The ring nitrogen atom may be regarded as forming bifurcated hydrogen bond with an oxygen atom $O_2$ of one neighbouring molecule and with a neighbouring chlorine atom, being linked by forming a hydrogen bond with an other oxygen atom $O_1$ of above mentioned neighbouring molecule, in such a way that chains parallel to the c-axis are formed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, on secretion of catecholamines (CA) evoked by cholinergic nicotinic stimulation and membrane-depolarization from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland and to establish the mechanism of its action. Naltrexone $(3{\times}10^{-6}M)$ perfused into an adrenal vein for 60 min produced time-dependent inhibition in CA secretory responses evoked by ACh $(5.32{\times}10^{-3}M)$ , high $K^+$ $(5.6{\times}10^{-2}M)$ , DMPP ($10^{-4}$ M) and McN-A-343 $(10^{-4}M)$ . Naltrexone itself did also fail to affect basal CA output. In adrenal glands loaded with naltrexone $(3{\times}10^{-6}M)$ , the CA secretory responses evoked by Bay-K-8644, an activator of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels and cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$, were also inhibited. However, in the presence of met-enkephalin $(5{\times}10^{-6}M)$ , a well-known opioid agonist, the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyclopiazonic acid were also significantly inhibited. Collectively, these experimental results demonstrate that naltrexone inhibits greatly CA secretion evoked by stimulation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors as well as that by membrane depolarization. It seems that this inhibitory effect of naltrexone does not involve opioid receptors, but might be mediated by blocking both the calcium influx into the rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and the uptake of $Ca^{2+}$ into the cytoplasmic calcium store, which are at least partly relevant to the direct interaction with the nicotinic receptor itself.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.240-252
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary nicotinic acid (NA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota in uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle. Methods: Twenty-one uncastrated Xiangzhong black cattle (385.08±15.20 kg) aged 1.5 years were randomly assigned to the control group (CL, 0 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet), NA1 group (800 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet) and NA2 group (1,200 mg/kg NA in concentrate diet). All animals were fed a 60% concentrate diet and 40% dried rice straw for a 120-day feeding experiment. Results: Supplemental NA not only enhanced the apparent nutrient digestibility of acid detergent fiber (p<0.01), but also elevated the rumen acetate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p<0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of rumen microbiota revealed that dietary NA changed the diversity of rumen microbiota (p<0.05) and the abundance of bacterial taxa in the rumen. The relative abundances of eight Erysipelotrichales taxa, five Ruminococcaceae taxa, and five Sphaerochaetales taxa were decreased by dietary NA (p<0.05). However, the relative abundances of two taxa belonging to Roseburia faecis were increased by supplemental 800 mg/kg NA, and the abundances of seven Prevotella taxa, three Paraprevotellaceae taxa, three Bifidobacteriaceae taxa, and two operational taxonomic units annotated to Fibrobacter succinogenes were increased by 1,200 mg/kg NA in diets. Furthermore, the correlation analysis found significant correlations between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and the abundances of bacterial taxa, especially Prevotella. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that dietary NA plays an important role in regulating apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber, acetate, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the composition of rumen microbiota.