• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2006

An Antiviral producing bacterial strain was isolated from ginseng root environment in Hongcheon, Kangwon province of Republic of Korea. Identification of this bacterial strain was performed by physiological and biochemical tests along with 16S rRNA analyses. The results revealed that the bacterium was closer to genus Serratia, which was named as Gsm01. The strain was grown in Mannitol-Glutamate-Yeast (MGY) broth for 48 h. The culture was centrifuged and the filtrate obtained was tested for its ability to control Cucumber mosaic virus strain Y (CMV-Y) in greenhouse and field experiments. In the green house experiments, CF was evaluated for its ability to protect local host, Chenopodium amaranticolor and systemic host of CMV, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc. It was found that, CF treatment reduced viral infection by 98% in local host; C. amaranticolor. The N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc plants treated with CF did not show visible viral symptoms 15 days post inoculation (dpi) and remained symptomless throughout the periods of the study. To evaluate effectiveness of CF under field conditions, experiment was carried out in a polyvinyl house. It was observed that, 52% plants were protected from viral diseases compared to non-treated plants, increasing the crop yield. This is the first report showing antiviral activity of a Serratia spp. against CMV.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1997

In order to evaluate the usefulness of O. javanica for the phytoremediation, it was grown for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days and was exposed to $50\;{\mu}M\;of\;CdCl_2$ in hydroponic medium after 3 weeks. Its biomass and contents of chlorophylls were analyzed. The growth of O. javanica showed little difference between cadmium treated and non-treated groups, while its contents of chlorophylls of Cd-treated group decreased up to 50% compared to the case of non-treated group. Its accumulated cadmium concentrations were 2.1, 7.3 and $113\;{\mu}moles\;Cd/g$ dry weight in the leaf, stem and root, respectively. The total contents of thiol increased 0.5, 1 and 7 times in the leaf, stem and root, respectively, while the contents of glutathione tended to decrease by 43%, 70% and 47% in the leaf, stem and root, respectively. Using HPLC analysis, the reasonable peaks of thiol compounds in shoot and root of Cd-treated sample were compared to those of non-treated sample in O. javanica, and found to be phytochelatins. In case of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi tested as control plant, the cadmium treatment for 3 weeks resulted in the decrease of both biomass and chlorophyll up to 70% and 75%, respectively. The roots of tobacco became rotten and eventually died. These results suggested that Oenanthe javanica is cadmium-tolerant hyperaccumulator.(Received December 20, 1996; accepted March 17, 1997)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 1997

Recombinant plasmid, pBKH4, containing NPT II and P35S-BcHSP17.6 was constructed by ligation of Bum H I -digested pBKSl-l and BcHSP 17.6 (thermotolerance gene) 6om pBLH4. The tobacco leaf disc was cocultivated with transformed Agmbacterium tumefaciens bearing pBKH4 for 24 hours and transformed shoots were selected on MS-n/B medium containing $100\;{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ of kanamycin. Heat-killing temperature of Nicotima tabacum was $50^{\circ}$ for >15min, and transformed tobacco plants with BcHSP17.6 cDNA exhibited thermotolerance at the heat-killing temperature. The transgenic plants were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with the probe of ${\alpha}^{_32}P$ labelled BcHSP17.6 cDNA. Transcription and expression level of BcHSP17.6 cDNA were also continued by Northern blot analysis and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion assay. In this study, we suggest that the BcHSP17.6 cDNA introduced to tobacco plant is related to thenuoto-lerance and 17.6-kD LMW HSP acts as a protector from heat damage in plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2002

To investigate expression of the artificial gene encoding a repeated tripeptide lysyl-glutamyl-tryptophan in tobacco plant, the plant binary vector, pART404 has been constructed, which contains the duplicated CaMV 35S promoter, an artificial gene coding for repetitive polymer (Lys-Glu-Trp)$_{64}$, and nopaline synthase (nos) terminator. The recombinant expression vector was introduced in Nicotiana tabacum (var. Xanthi) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated trans-formation. The transgenic calli selected by kanamycin containing medium were then regenerated to whole plants. Southern blot analysis indicated that five transgenic plants (No. 1, 7, 9, 43, 45) showed the hybridizing signals at 1.1 kb of the expected size on EcoRI digestion and each of the transgenic plants contained 1 or 3 copies of the artificial gene inserted into its genome. By northern blot analysis, the size of the hybridized total RNA was estimated to be approximately 1.2 kb and the RNA appeared generally to have the integrity. Western blot indicated that the protein was detected at the position of 33 kDa and the expression level of the polypeptide in the transgenic plant (No. 45) was measured to approximately 0.1% of the total protein.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2006

A filtrate powder, designated as KNF2022, produced from culture broth of Acinetobacter sp. KTB3 was tested for their inhibitory effects on Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) infection to Nicotiana glutinosa or N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc. When 1/100 dilution with distilled water was treated to the plants and PMMoV was inoculated, the inhibition was estimated to be 94.3 and 95.6%, respectively. The same concentrations of KNF2022 inhibited infections of Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on Chenopodium amaranticolor by 97.1 and 92.5%, respectively. Duration of inhibitory activity of the filtrate powder from Acinetobacter sp. culture broth against PMMoV infection on N. glutinosa was maintained for 2 days at 80% inhibition level, however, the inhibitory effect was diminished from 4 days after treatment to 50% levels. To evaluate inhibitory effects on systemic host plants of the antiviral agent, symptom developments of PMMoV, PepMoV and CMV on KNF2022-treated pepper plants were investigated. Delayed symptom developments until 10 days after inoculation (DAI) were observed for all the three viruses when the viruses were inoculated individually, and these delayed symptom development effects were maintained until 30 DAI in case of PepMoV. Moreover, PepMoV was not detected by RT-PCR and ELISA until 30 DAI. These delayed symptom development effects were diminished in all combinations of three virus co-inoculations due to synergism of three viruses on symptom developments. Inhibitory effect of KNF2022 was verified under electron microscopic examinations using purified virus preparations. Particles of PMMoV and PepMoV were observed on specimens from 5 min after KNF2022 treatment, and the particle sizes were reached in the range of 200-250 nm and 400-600 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the viral particles were destructed and particle sizes were reached in the range of 100-150 nm and 300-500 nm, respectively, on 60 min after treatments. Reduction of local lesion numbers on N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc and C. amaranticolor were accompanied with reduction of virus particle sizes. In the case of CMV destructed particle numbers were also increased according to incubation period after KNF2022 treatment and local lesions on C. amaranticolor were reduced.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.4 s.61
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• pp.203-208
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• 1984

Four varieties of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum var. NC 2326. NC 95, NC 744 and Havana. and two plant species, Physalis floridana Rydb., N. repanda Wild. were used for classification of ten isolates of potato virus Y(PVY) obtained Iron potato or tabacco plants showing various symptoms. Each of the 10 isolates could be distinguished by the host reactions showing necrosis, vein banding and/or mottling, or no symptom on these hosts. Five isolates of PVY, PVY-VN, PVY-N, PVY-NSNR, PVY-Chile, and PVY-Argentina, showed necrotic symptom on NC 2326, but others showed vein handing and/or mottling symptom. On NC95, each of the isolates tested showed similar symptons as on NC2326, except necrotic symptom by the isolate PVY-MSNR. Havana showed mottling reaction to the PVY-NSNR, PVY-MSNR, PVY-MSMR, PVY-VB, and necrosis to PVY-Chile, PVY-Argentina, but showed no symptom to the others. NC744 showed mottling symptom to the PVY-MSNR and PVY-MSMR, necrosis to the PVY-Chile and PVY-Argentina, and no symptom to the others. On N. repanda, necrotic reaction to PVY-Argentina. no symptom to PVY-VN and PVY-C, and nettling to others were observed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 1998

Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) coat protein cDNA was transformed to Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC82 and the transgenic tobacco plants resistant to TMV infection were isolated in the next generation. The expression of TMV coat protein cDNA and genetic stability of the fifth generation of TMV resistant transgenic tobacco plants at the higher temperature were investigated. The TMV coat protein cDNA was amplified by genomic PCR in all the TMV resistant transgenic tobacco plants. The TMV coat protein expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants was detected at very low level by immunoblot hybridization. Even in tansgenic plants that showed the viral symptom only on very late sucker growth (delay type plants), the coat protein expression in the suckers was much less than that of susceptible tobacco infected with TMV. The TMV coat protein expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants was below 0.01% of total protein. Transcription and expression of the coat protein cDNA in delay type plants were observbed at high temperature (38$^{\circ}C$), and TMV replication was suppressed at both 28$^{\circ}C$ and 38$^{\circ}C$. This indicates that unlike the resistance conferred by 'N' gene. TMV resistance of transgenic tobacco plant won't break down at high temperature.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2002

Cotton Glutathione S-Transferase(GST: EC 2.5.1.18) was cloned and Gh-5 cDNA was overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The transformation of cotton GST in tobacco plant was confirmed by northern blot analysis. Type I and Type II transcript patterns were identified in Gh-5 transgenic tobacco plants. Type I transcripts was only discussed in this paper. Glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were used as the substrates, and the activity of GST in the type I transgenic plants was about 2.5-fold higher than the non-expressers and wild type tobacco plants. The expression of cotton GST in tobacco plants proved that Gh-5 could be translated into functional protein. Type I transgenic plants produced functional GST in the cells. Type I showed higher GST specific activity than Type II in the transgenic plants. Control and transgenic seedlings were grown in the growth chamber and under the light at 15$^{\circ}C$, and the effects of cotton GST in the seedlings was evaluated. The growth rate of Gh-5 overexpressors was better than the control and non-transgenic tobacco plants. Salinity tolerance was also analyzed on the seeds of transgenic plants. Seeds of Gh-5 overexpressors and the wild type tobacco seedlings were germinated and grown at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl solution. Gh-5 transgenic seedlings showed higher growth rate over control seedlings at both 50 and 100 mM NaCl solution. But at 0, 150, and 200 mM NaCl concentration, the difference in growth rate was not detected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1981

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of distance of planting holes (51, 45, and 40 cm) and number of plants per a hole(4, 5, 6 plants) on agronomic characteristics, yield, and quality of an aromatic tobacco, Sohyang. The results are as follows: 1. Relative light intensity increased by widening the distance of holes. 2. Leaf area per a plant or per a leaf, and leaf length and width increased by widening the distance of holes and decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. But L. A. 1. increased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. Leaf shape index (Leaf length/Leaf width) showed little differences among treatments. 3. Dry weight of leaf, root, and stem per a plant decreased by increasing the number of plants per a hole. 4. Total nitrogen decreased by increasing number of plants per a hole and in the case of narrow distance of holes, but nicotine, reducing sugar, ether-extract and ash showed little differences. 5. Yield per 10a decreased by widening the distance of holes. 6. Quality(price per kg) was improved by increasing the number of plants per a hole at the Plot of 51m distance of holes. But there was no variation at the Plot of 45cm. And quality was decreased at the plot of 40cm distance of holes by increasing the number of Plants per a hole. 7. Price per 10a was highest in the plot of which plant spacing was $90\times$40cm and the number of plants per a hole was 4 (11112 plant/10a).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.3 s.44
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• pp.175-179
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• 1980

Soybean stunt virus (SSV) was newly isolated in Korea from naturally infected soybeans (Glycine max). The main symptoms caused by this virus on soybean cultivars are crinkling, mild mottling and reduction in plant size. This virus induced local lesion on the inoculated leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor, C quinoa and Vigna sinensis, and mosaic symptoms on Nicotiana tabacum (Bright yellow, KY-57). The virus was inactivated at 60C, and was infectious at dilution of $10^3$. Extract juice became infective 3 days later at room temperature. The virus was transmitted by green peach apid (Myzus persicae). This virus closely is related serologically to cucumber mosaic virus. The virus particles observed in the electron microscopy were spherical types of 30mm in diameter.