• Title/Summary/Keyword: new strain

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Breeding and cultural characteristics of a newly bred Lentinula edodes strain, 'Bambithyang' (표고 신품종 '밤빛향'의 육성 및 특성)

  • Park, Youngae;Jang, Yeongseon;Ryoo, Rhim;Ka, Kang-Hyeon
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.145-150
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    • 2020
  • A new cultivar, 'Bambithyang', was bred from monokaryotic strains of Sanbaekhyang and SANJO 707ho using the mono-mono hybridization method. Its incubation period was determined to be 100 days and its optimum temperature for fruit body flushing, 11-20℃. The mushrooms had a convex cap (diameter, 69.6 mm; thickness, 15.2 mm) and stipes in their center. The color of their upper sides was chestnut brown; their gills were arranged in a ripple style and had medium density. Their scales were cream-colored and fully distributed; the stipes were cream-colored and cylindrical (thick upper part). They also had cream colored fluffs and sporadic fruiting bodies. Zone lines were present when they were cultivated with mother and father varieties. Their stipe lengths and caps were 9% shorter and 16.9% thicker, respectively, than those of Sanbaekhyang.

Black Rot of Broccoli Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris에 의한 브로콜리의 검은썩음병)

  • Lee Seung-Don;Lee Jung-Hee;Kim Sun-Yee;Kim Yong-Ki;Lee Yong-Hoon;Heu Sung-Gi;Ra Dong-Soo
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.134-138
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    • 2006
  • A new bacterial disease of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) was observed on field-grown plants in Pyungchang during 2003 and 2004. Seedling infections first appeared as a blackening along the margins of the cotyledon. Cotyledon shriveled and dropped off. Infected seedlings were stunted and yellowed and eventually died. The disease was easily recognized by the presence of yellow, V-shaped, or U-shaped areas extending inward from margin of the leaf. As the disease progressed, the yellow lesions turned brown and the tissues died. Isolations made from diseased leaves on yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate agar yielded nearly pure cultures of a yellow-pigmented bacterium typical of a xanthomonad. Two bacterial strains were purified and used for further tests. Pathogenicity of strains was confirmed on 3-week-old crucifer (cabbage, Chinese cabbage, kale, radish and broccoli) plants cut by scissors with bacterial suspensions containing $10^8 cfu/ml$ of phosphate buffered saline. The Biolog and fatty acid analyses and 16S rDNA sequencing of two strains (SL4797 and SL4800) from broccoli black rot showed that they could be identified as X. campestris pv. campestris because of their high similarity to the tester strain (X. campestris pv. campestris NCPPB528) with a match probability of 100%. This is the first report of black rot of broccoli in Korea.

Efficient Transformation Method of Soybean Using Meristematic Tissues of Germinating Seeds (발아종자의 분열조직을 이용한 효율적인 콩 형질전환 방법)

  • Kim, Yul-Ho;Park, Hyang-Mi;Choi, Man-Soo;Sohn, Soo-In;Shin, Dong-Bum;Lee, Jang-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.278-285
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    • 2008
  • An efficient transformation method for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] using meristematic tissues of germinating seeds has been established. The embryonic axes were excised from germinating seeds of Korean soybean cultivar, Iksannamulkong and 0.5-2 cm long segment containing meristematic tissues were prepared by cutting hypocotyl region. The explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring a binary vector with the bar gene as a selectable marker gene and a ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUSINT) reporter gene, and then co-cultured for 7 days on co-cultivation medium (CCM). The meristematic tissues were cultured on shoot induction medium (SIMP6) supplemented with 0.4 mg/l $N_6-benzylaminopurine$ (BAP) and 0.1 mg/l indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the presence of 6 mg/l L-phosphinotricin (PPT) for 2 weeks and the surviving explants were transferred to shoot elongation medium (SEMP6). Transformation was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and the transformation efficiencies ranged from 1.48 to 2.07%. The new modified transformation method was successfully implemented for obtaining several transgenic lines with SMV-CP gene. It is expected that this method could efficiently be used for the transformation of recalcitrant soybean cultivars.

Absorption Spectroscopic Studies of Prodigiosin Extracted from Serratia Marcescens Strain (Serratia marcescens 균주로부터 추출한 Prodigiosin의 흡수분광학적 연구)

  • Park, Hee-Aurk
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 2019
  • The red pigment extracted from Serratia marcescens 2354 (ATCC 25419) was prodigiosin (PG), which was dissolved in methanol and measured for ultraviolet and visible light absorption spectra. It was the typical absorption spectrum of PG in an acid solution with ${\lambda}_{max}=537nm$. When the concentration of PG was increased from $1.0{\times}10-5M$ to $9.0{\times}10-5M$ in the methanol solution, the absorption intensity at 537 nm was increased, the absorption intensity at 467 nm was decreased, and the isosbestic point at 500 nm was observed. This phenomenon can be regarded as a result of reversible acid-base equilibrium reaction considering 537 nm and 467 nm of PG absorption band in acid and base solution respectively and isosbestic point of 500 nm. On the other hand, when the concentration of PG was reduced from $6.0{\times}10-4$ to $1.0{\times}10-4M$ in acetic acid buffer solution at pH 4.75, a new absorption band with ${\lambda}$ max at 500 nm appeared. This absorption band appears only in the aqueous solution of pH 4.75 and does not appear in the pure methanol solution of the same pH. This is due to the conversion of the PG molecule from the ${\alpha}$-isomer to the ${\beta}$-isomer by $H_2O$. In other words, it was confirmed that the color change of the PG can be caused by the concentration of the solution and the characteristics of the solvent.

Distribution of Subgroups in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 3 Strains Isolated from Korea (국내에서 분리된 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 균주들의 subgroup 분포)

  • Lee, Young Sun;Kim, Gyoung Hee;Jung, Jae Sung
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.52-58
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    • 2021
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, which causes bacterial canker in kiwifruit, is divided into five biovars (1, 2, 3, 5, 6) on the basis of genetic characteristics and toxin productivity. Among them, biovar 3 is responsible for the current global outbreak, and has been isolated in Korea since 2011. Biovar 3 strains isolated from Korea are subdivided into six genetically different lineages (subgroup I, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. In this work, the subgroup-specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were developed from sequenced differential RAPD bands. Distribution of the subgroups of the biovar 3 strains collected in Korea from 2011-2017 were examined using these subgroup-specific primer sets. Among the 54 strains tested, 35 strains (64.8%) belonged to subgroup V, 9 strains (16.7%) belonged to subgroup IV, 4 strains (7.4%) belonged to subgroup VI, 3 strains (5.6%) belonged to subgroup VII, 2 strains (3.7%) belonged to subgroup VIII, and 1 (1.9%) strain belonged to subgroup I. Strains belonging to subgroups IV, V, and VI were shown to be related to strains isolated from China, New Zealand, and Chile, respectively. The study revealed that the biovar 3 strains in Korea are genetically diverse and are estimated to have been introduced through pollen sourced from foreign countries.

Function and Molecular Ecology Significance of Two Catechol-Degrading Gene Clusters in Pseudomonas putida ND6

  • Shi, Sanyuan;Yang, Liu;Yang, Chen;Li, Shanshan;Zhao, Hong;Ren, Lu;Wang, Xiaokang;Lu, Fuping;Li, Ying;Zhao, Huabing
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.259-271
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    • 2021
  • Many bacteria metabolize aromatic compounds via catechol as a catabolic intermediate, and possess multiple genes or clusters encoding catechol-cleavage enzymes. The presence of multiple isozyme-encoding genes is a widespread phenomenon that seems to give the carrying strains a selective advantage in the natural environment over those with only a single copy. In the naphthalene-degrading strain Pseudomonas putida ND6, catechol can be converted into intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle via either the ortho- or meta-cleavage pathways. In this study, we demonstrated that the catechol ortho-cleavage pathway genes (catBICIAI and catBIICIIAII) on the chromosome play an important role. The catI and catII operons are co-transcribed, whereas catAI and catAII are under independent transcriptional regulation. We examined the binding of regulatory proteins to promoters. In the presence of cis-cis-muconate, a well-studied inducer of the cat gene cluster, CatRI and CatRII occupy an additional downstream site, designated as the activation binding site. Notably, CatRI binds to both the catI and catII promoters with high affinity, while CatRII binds weakly. This is likely caused by a T to G mutation in the G/T-N11-A motif. Specifically, we found that CatRI and CatRII regulate catBICIAI and catBIICIIAII in a cooperative manner, which provides new insights into naphthalene degradation.

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Traits and Fatty Acid Composition of Chicken Meat from New Strain of Korean Native Chickens (토종닭(우리맛닭 1, 2호 및 한협 3호) 냉장육의 이화학적 특성 및 지방산 조성)

  • Shin, Dong-Jin;Kim, Hye-Jin;Kwon, Ji-Seon;Kim, Dongwook;Kim, Hee-Jin;Choo, Hyo-Jun;Jung, Jong-Hyun;Jang, Aera
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.217-225
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    • 2021
  • This study compares the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of three Korean native chickens and broilers. Ten whole raw broiler chickens and ten each from the three Korean native chickens (KNCs), Hanhyup 3 (HH3), Woormatdak 1 (WRMD1), and Woormatdak 2 (WRMD2), were purchased from the meat market. Their breast and thigh meat were used as samples. The proximate composition, pH, color, water-holding capacity (WHC), shear force, collagen content, and fatty acid composition were determined. In breast meat, the moisture content of HH3 (74.94%) and WRMD1 (74.74%) was lower than that of the broilers (77.1%, P<0.05). No significant difference was found in crude protein, lipids, and ash contents. The crude fat from thigh meat from HH3 and WRMD2 was lower than that of broilers (P<0.05). The redness of WRMD1 was the highest in both breast and thigh meat (P<0.05). The WHC of the breast meat of WRMD1 was lower than that of HH3 and WRMD2. In thigh meat, the WHC of the broilers was significantly higher than that of the KNCs. In breast meat, the shear force of WRMD2 was significantly lower than that of the broilers, HH3, and WRMD1, while no significant difference was found in thigh meat. The collagen content and arachidonic acid levels of the KNCs were significantly higher than those of the broilers for breast and thigh meats. No significant differences were observed among the KNCs. This result can be used to improve the quality of KNC but further studies on the bioactive compounds, taste, and volatile compounds of KNCs are required.

Rapid Cell Death Phenotype of Streptococcus mutans under Prolonged Growth Conditions (장시간 생장 조건에서 Streptococcus mutans의 급격한 세포사 표현형 분석)

  • Kim, Jeong Nam
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.1072-1078
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    • 2021
  • The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans is considered a major causative agent of dental caries in humans. The use of dental hygiene products, including toothpaste and mouthwash, is used for caries control. However, food intake can lead to the recurrence of oral microorganisms. This study aimed to explore why this bacterium dies so quickly during prolonged incubation and to assess whether this growth characteristic is closely associated with the secretion of metabolic products. Notably, the number of live S. mutans cells rapidly declined after 24 hr during the entire period tested, whereas the number of Escherichia coli cells, an indicator strain, remained steady over the same period. To test whether the S. mutans supernatants contained possible signals that accelerated the death of neighbor cells, we obtained the individual supernatants at the above time points. Following pH neutralization, the cells in which the supernatant was supplemented with glucose grew well. However, pH adjustment alone could not fully recover cell growth in conditions in which the supernatant was supplemented, with or without glucose. These phenotypes of S. mutans may be associated with signaling, not only resulting from nutrient depletion. The findings on the survival phenotype of S. mutans provide new insights into cell-cell communication in the biology of this bacterium.

Optimization of Protoplast Isolation and Ribonucleoprotein/Nanoparticle Complex Formation in Lentinula edodes (표고버섯의 원형질체 분리 최적화와 RNPs/나노파티클 복합체 형성)

  • Kim, Minseek;Ryu, Hojin;Oh, Min Ji;Im, Ji-Hoon;Lee, Jong-Won;Oh, Youn-Lee
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.178-182
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    • 2022
  • Despite the long history of mushroom use, studies examining the genetic function of mushrooms and the development of new varieties via bio-molecular methods are significantly lacking compared to those examining other organisms. However, owing to recent developments, attempts have been made to use a novel gene-editing technique involving CRISPR/Cas9 technology and genetic scissors in mushroom studies. In particular, research is actively being conducted to utilize ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that can be genetically edited with high efficiency without foreign gene insertion for ease of selection. However, RNPs are too large for Cas9 protein to pass through the cell membrane of the protoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, guide RNA is unstable and can be easily decomposed, which remarkably affects gene editing efficiency. In this study, nanoparticles were used to mitigate the shortcomings of RNP-based gene editing techniques and to obtain transformants stably. We used Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) Sanjo705-13 monokaryon strain, which has been successfully used in previous genome editing experiments. To identify a suitable osmotic buffer for the isolation of protoplast, 0.6 M and 1.2 M sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and KCl were treated, respectively. In addition, with various nanoparticle-forming materials, experiments were conducted to confirm genome editing efficiency via the formation of nanoparticles with calcium phosphate (CaP), which can be bound to Cas9 protein without any additional amino acid modification. RNPs/NP complex was successfully formed and protected nuclease activity with nucleotide sequence specificity.

Development and Verification of Large Triaxial Testing System for Dynamic Properties of Granular Materials (조립재료 동적물성 산정을 위한 대형삼축압축시험장비 구축 및 검증)

  • Lee, Sung-Jin;Kim, Yun-Ki;Choo, Yun-Wook;Lee, Sei-Hyun;Kang, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.26 no.12
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    • pp.5-17
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    • 2010
  • Coarse granular material is used as important fill material in most of large embankments such as railway, road, dam and so on. Therefore, the accurate design parameters of the coarse granular material are necessarily required in design and construction. The behavior of the coarse granular material was not well understood because of the lack of large testing equipment capable of coarse granular material. A large triaxial testing system was developed in this research, capable of large specimens of 500 mm, 300 mm and 150 mm in diameter. In the new large triaxial testing system, the load cell is installed inside the triaxial cell and axial displacement is measured locally on a specimen in order to improve control and measurement in small strain level. Urethane specimens of 300 mm and 50 mm in diameter were prepared. The large triaxial tests were performed on the 300 mm diameter urethane specimens while RC/TS and impact echo tests on the 50 mm diameter urethane specimens to verify this testing system. In this verification test results, we could ascertain the reasonable test results of the KRRI large triaxial testing system.