• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2003

The study evaluated the influence of feeding different maturity leaves i.e., tender, medium, coarse and mixed leaves of three different maturity during late larval stages of new bivoltine race $(CSR_{3} {\times} CSR_{6})$. The data were compared with shoot feeding and control batches in which conventional feeding method was followed. The most of the larval and cocoon characters were recorded significantly higher in tender leaves fed batches followed by T4 batch (2 times tender and 1 time coarse leaves). Lowest melting percentage (1.494%) was recorded in T4 and highest (4.69%) was recorded in coarse leaf (T3) fed batches. Significantly higher post cocoon parameters viz., average filament length, non-breakable filament length, renditta and raw silk percentage were recorded in tender loaves fed batches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.189-192
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• 2003

The Electro-thermal Explosion Coating (EEC) technique is a new surface treatment technology emerged in recent years. It uses an electrical discharge (with very high voltage from 5 to 30 kV or more) to produce a pulse current with large density inside the material to be deposited, the metal wire undergo the heating, melting, vaporization, ionization and explosion processes in a very short time (from tens ns to several hundreds ${\mu}s$), and the melted droplets shoot at the substrate with a very high velocity (3000 - 4500 m/s), so that the coating materials can be deposited on the surface of the substrate. Coatings with nano-size grains or ultra- fine grains can be formed because of rapid solidification (cooling rate up to $10^6-10^9\;k/s$). Surface of the substrate (about $1-5{\mu}m$ in depth) can be melted rapidly and coatings with very high bonding strength can be obtained.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.575-582
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• 1996

Molipteryx fuliginosa (Uhler, 1860) is a plant juice sucker which feeds on new tips of Rubus oldhami Miquel and Zelkowa serrata Makino, and it has a strong preference for teses two plants in Korea. M. fuliginosa has one generation a year and hibernates as a young adult. Most of the winter survivors emerge in early May. It is the first time their host plants were found and reported. Females mainly lay their eggs one by one separately on the leaves of R. oldhami, and even on the steel wire, the lid guaze and the ground in the laboratory. Nymphs do not gather, but stay on the hatching site, Nymphs except the non-feeding first instar feed on young shoots. From the second to the fifth instar nymphs migrate to the upper part of the shoot and congregate in part on an expanded leaf. The new adults first appeared on 11 August, and remained in the host plant, and fed on until mid October. The duration of the hatching and molting, and the survivorship curve based on the laboratory rearing were determined.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 1995

Anoplocnemis dallasi Kiritchencho is a sap-sucker which feeds on tips of amorpha fruticosa Linne in Korea. A. Dallasi had one generation a year and overwintered as the young adult stage. Most overwintered survivors emerged in early-mid May to late May. Known host plants were reviewed, and new host records were added. Females mainly laid eggs in linear single chain masses on leaves of Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens. Nymphs (except the non-feeding first instars) fed on young shoots. First instar nymphs clustered on leaves or shoots where they hatched, and, if disturbed, reformed aggregations soon. The second to the fifth instar nymphs migrate to the upper part of the shoot and congreagate on a partly expanded leaf. New adults firstly appeared in late August, remained on A.fruticosa, host plant, and fed on until mid October. The duration and survivorship curve, in laboratory rearing, of the egg and each nymphal stadium was determined.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.580-585
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• 2003

Subtractive library hybridization was used to isolate the cDNA clones that corresponded to the transcripts that were specifically up-regulated during wheat embryo germination. The clones with numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, and 26 appeared to be more abundant in germinating wheat embryos. Among the isolated clones, we identified four new members of the wheat "germin" gene family. We also identified two novel sequences which exhibited distinct germination up-regulation, and displayed characteristic spatial patterns of expression. One of these, represented by clone pSB10, was principally expressed in the root tissue of germinating embryos. The second was represented by the pSB7 clone and was expressed in both the root and shoot primordia of the embryonic axis, as well as within the coleoptile.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 1991

Growth hadit and demograph in a mature population of polygonatum and polygonatum humile in kanghwa island were studied for two growing seasons. Shoots of two species emerged early spring from the growing apices of the underdground rhizomes which had persisted for up to 1~5 year.after flowering, the ramets produced two rhizome buds at the shoot base. Bacause of the apical dominance in the rhizome system, a new rhizome was developed from only one bud, an actual bud,and the other latent buds were suppressed sothat remained dormant. The latent dud produced a new rhizome only when the actual dud was severed by the herbivores or by the physical obstacles. Therefore, the ramet number is not increased by the new rhizome from the latent bud. however, new ramets dould sometimes grow from latent buds which had been produced more than a year ago. Production of these ramets was main means increasing the ramet numbew and widening the potential zone of exploitation. Changes in size class of each ramet were noyiceable after a tear in small size-classes. Small ramets replaced themselves with larger-sized ramet, while large ramets with similar-sized or smallar-sized ramets. ramet numbers were average 0.82and 1.14 times of those fromthe previous year inp. involucratum and p. humile, though there was between-site variation. Almost all the ramets in the quadrats were alive during the growing season. when the entire rhizome systems were excavater next spring, there were many rhizomesegments without shoots, especially in p. involucratum. therefore, the drcrease of ramet number in p. involucratum in probably due to the climatic factors of winter.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2006

Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) has been used as a rootstock for the watermelon cultivation because of better growth ability at low temperature and avoidance from contamination of the soil disease. Since the genetic source for the elite rootstock is limited in nature, the genetic engineering method is inevitable to develop new lines especially to obtain the functionally important or multi-disease resistant bottle gourd. Recently, our lab has set up a successful system to transform the bottle gourd. in order to monitor the transformation process, GFP gene is used. Cotyledons of the inbred line 9005, 9006 and G5 were used to induce the shoot under the selection media with MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 3.0 mg/L BAP + 100 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime + 0.5 mg/L $AgNO_3$, pH 5.8. The shoot was developed from the cut side of the explants after 3 weeks on the selection media. The shoot was incubated in the rooting media with 1/2 MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 0.1 mg/L IAA + 50 mg/L kanamycin + 500 mg/L cefotaxime, pH 5.8 and moved to pot for acclimation. Although the shoot development rate was depended on the genotype, the G5 was the best line to be transformed. Monitoring GFP expression from the young shoot under microscope could make the selection much easier to distinguish the transformed shoot from the non-transformed shoots.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the in vitro propagation system by shoot tip culture of six Hosta species native to Korea (Hosta capitata (Koidz.) Nakai, H. clausa Nakai, H. jonesii M.G.Chung, H. minor (Baker) Nakai, H. venusta F.Maek., and H. yingeri S.B.Jones) for mass proliferation and a new cultivar development. The shoot tips of each Hosta species were cultured on MS medium containing eight combinations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L BA with 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L TDZ with 0.1 mg/L NAA, and without any PGRs (control). They were investigated on callus, somatic embryo, crown bud, differentiation and growth of shoot and root, total fresh weight after 8 weeks of culture. In all six Hosta species, callus and somatic embryo induction rate and multiple shooting rate of the PGRs treatment group were higher than that of the control group. The highest number of differentiated shoots were obtained on medium supplemented with 2.0 ㎎/L TDZ in H. capitata (5.4), 1.0 mg/L TDZ in H. clausa and H. jonesii (3.3 and 5.8, respectively), 0.5 mg/L BA in H. minor (11.1), 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L TDZ in H. venusta (8.1), and 0.5 mg/L TDZ in H. yingeri (9.8). In somatic embryo formation, the PGRs treatment group of H. jonesii and H. yingeri were more effective than the control group, and the effects were relatively less in H. capitata, H. clausa Nakai, H. minor, H. venusta. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. H. clausa showed no significant effect on callus and shoot differentiation regardless of the type and concentration of cytokinin, but slightly increased in formation of crown bud in TDZ.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2017

Subsidiary welfare facilities in an apartment complex are one of the most important factors for consumers when they buy an apartment due to an increase of consumers' consciousness level, increase of leisure time, and increase of cultural life. This study aims to analyze layout types and characteristics of subsidiary welfare facilities at the apartment complexes in the second phase new towns, investigate the current situation and find out the improvement direction. For this purpose, this author investigated three "second phase new towns" which were designated as a new town at similar time, and selected a total of 15 apartment complexes by selecting 5 complexes in each of the three new towns. Literature survey, case visit, photo shoot, user observation survey were used as study methods. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that a mixed type was the most common type of plane layout types in the subsidiary welfare facilities. This type improves accessibility and equity of the residents as the facilities are appropriately placed based on the functions and the user characteristics. Second, it can be considered that a distributed type for senior citizen centers and daycare centers may give independence to specific users, but it may give a sense of alienation to the elderly. Moreover, it does not have enough community so that it is necessary to make proper supplementation. Third, there were two lay out types. The first one is that the subsidiary welfare facilities are placed with step difference and the second one is that they are placed in sunken places using the underground space. Fourth, all layout types of outdoor facilities are distributed types, and it is considered that measurements for a proper balance of accessibility and equity are required.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

Ginseng is traditionally cultivated worldwide in cold continental climates. It is now also being cultivated in maritime environments such as New Zealandis. This paper reports a number of growth and quality parameters for plants grown under those conditions over two growing seasons and the intervening winter dormant period. While shoot biomass peaked mid-summer, in contrast, root biomass peaked late autumn/early winter. Starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose and inositol were detected in the roots. Starch concentrations were highest in early autumn (mean 470 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight) and lowest in mid spring (218 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Sucrose concentrations were low during early summer until late autumn but increased rapidly with the onset of winter and peaked during mid spring (168 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Fructose and glucose concentrations were similar and peaked in late spring (5.3 and 6.2 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Inositol concentrations peaked in mid summer (1.7 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Starch/sugar ratios were high during summer and autumn and low during winter and spring. Ginsenoside concentrations and profiles showed that the six major ginsenosides, Rgl, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd, were present, but Rf was absent. Concentrations did not vary with sampling date. The most abundant ginsenosides were Re (15.9 to 17.5 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight) and Rb1 (10.7 to 18.1 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Combined, they accounted for < $75{\%}$ of total ginsenoside concentrations. Limited taste tests indicated that highest root quality occurred during late autumn, after the shoots had senesced. However, quality could not be related to plant chemistry.