• Mycobiology
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.333-342
• /
• 2023

Phytophthora species, classified under Oomycota, cause significant damage to various crops and trees. The present study introduced Phytophthora species, P. nagaii and P. tentaculata, new to Korea, which pose notable risks to their respective host plants. Our research provided a comprehensive description of these species taking into account their cultural features, morphological characteristics, and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region and cytochrome c oxidase subunit mtDNA genes (cox1 and cox2) sequences. In addition, this study first evaluated the sensitivity of P. nagaii and P. tentaculata to five anti-oomycete fungicides, finding both species most responsive to picarbutrazox and P. tentaculata resistant to fluazinam. The data can guide targeted treatment strategies and offer insights into effective control methods. The findings expand our understanding of the diversity, distribution, and management of Phytophthora species in Korea.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제41권8호
• /
• pp.600-604
• /
• 1998

Methanol extracts from 53 species of oriental medicinal plants in 34 families were tested for their fungicidal activities against Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Collectotrichum dematium, Botryospaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Botrytis cinerea, Puccinia recondita, and Erysiphe graminis. In in vitro study using impregnated paper disc method, the efficacy varied with both plant pathogen and plant species tested. Methanol extracts of Asarum sieboldii roots, Sinomenium acutum roots, Pinus densiflora leaves, Rheum undulatum root barks, Coptis japonica roots, and Phellodendron amurense barks showed potent fungicidal activities against the various pathogens when treated with 10 mg/disc. In a whole plant test, methanol extracts of P. densiflora leaves and roots and C. japonica roots were highly effective against a variety of plant pathogens. As a naturally occurring fungicide, P. densiflora- and C. japonica-derived materials could be useful as new fungicidal products against various plant diseases induced by plant pathogenic fungi.

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2020

Operational testing of the THIOPAQ^® facility that removes H₂S from landfill gas was performed for 746 days. The average H₂S removal efficiency was 99.4%, and the input quantities of air, NaOH, and nutrients per sulfur load were 13.1 ㎥/ton, 1.5 ㎥/ton, and 28.7 L/ton, respectively. The purity of the bio-sulfur produced from the facility was 94.8%, with 3.3% impurities, except for moisture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the compositional contents of amino acids and free amino acids of the bio-sulfur surface were 5,308 and 728 mg/kg, respectively. The mean particle size was 3.41 ㎛, which was much smaller than that of chemical sulfur. Based on these results, a high H₂S removal rate of more than 97% is feasible, and high value-added bio-sulfur, which is used as a fungicide because of its hydrophilic characteristics and small size, can be obtained at this facility.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2001

Using a new evaluation method, Congo red method, the foliar uptakes of eight fungicides were measured. Among the fungicides tested, fenarimol, myclobutanil, edifenphos, isoprothiolane, and tricyclazole were found to be penetrable (11.0~42.8%), and were continuously absorbed into the leaf regardless of their formulation types. Procymidone, dimethomorpb, and ethaboxan were seldomly absorbed into plant leaf. The uptakes of dimethomorph and ethaboxam were facilitated (18.1~22.7%) in the presence of Koremul-OE-20, as an activator, showing plateau phase at 12h after application. Foliar uptake of fenarimol and myclobutanil into cucumber plant by spray application was larger than that by dropping application, while observed opposite in the cases of dimethomorph and ethaboxam containing activator. Congo red method in conjunction with spraying application used in the present study produced the clear results on foliar uptake of fungicides and therefore proved to be better than the conventional method in which the dropping application of pesticide has been used.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.132-139
• /
• 2005

천연 살균활성 물질인 strobilurin으로부터 유래된 ${\beta}$-methoxyacrylate 계열 화합물들은 천연물 자체보다 높은 살균활성 및 안정성을 보이는 것으로 알려졌으며 실제로 다수의 화합물이 우수한 농업용 살균제로 개발 시판되어 지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 보다 나은 살균제를 개발하기 위한 일환으로 티오엔을 곁가지를 가진 새로운 ${\beta}$-methoxyacrylate 계열 화합물을 고안하고 합성하였으며 이들의 살균활성을 6가지 균주에 대하여 in vivo 활성검색을 수행하였다. 새로이 합성된 화합물들은 선택적으로 벼도열병균 및 밀녹병균에 대하여 우수한 살균활성을 보였으며 특히 1b, 1c, 1g 화합물은 100 ppm 농도에서 벼도열병균과 밀녹병균에 대하여 100% 살균효과를 보였다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2001

새로운 살균제를 개발할 목적으로 새로운 2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazoline 유도체를 합성하였다. Ketone dimer를 염소와 반응시킨 다음 중간체 8a의 분리없이 benzylamine으로 처리하여 ${\gamma}-Chloro-{\beta}-keto$ benzylamide 10a를 얻었다. Methyl isothiocyanate와 aniline 유도체의 반응에서 얻은 thiourea 4를 10a와 acetone 용액 중에서 반응시켜 분리 불가능한 중간체 11 및 12를 거쳐 각각에 상응하는 2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazoline 유도체의 염산염 2를 얻었다. Thiourea 4의 phenyl기에 인접한 질소원자의 비공유 전자쌍의 도움으로 황원자의 친핵적 공격을 포함한 가능한 반응 mechanism을 논의하였다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2011

2011년 일본잔디학회 추계학술대회는 크게 일반 학술강연, 부회 및 소심포지움으로 나뉘어 총 55주제가 발표되었다. 일반 학술강연은 잔디, 병해충 및 잡초의 생리 생태분야, 병해 및 잡초방제분야 및 신규 잔디용 약제에 대한 약효특성 연구결과에 대해 발표되었다. 그중 잔디밭 최신 발생병해인 necrotic ring spot과 문제잡초인 파대가리, 새포아풀, 점나도나물에 대한 방제방안 및 UV를 이용한 살초스펙트럼을 조사한 연구발표가 있었다. 또한, 신규 등록 살균제 Furametpyr와 제초제인 S-metolachlor, Flucetosulfuron 및 Foramsulfuron의 방제효과에 대한 연구결과가 발표되었다. 부회에서는 골프장, 교정잔디, 공원녹지 및 지피식물 녹화의 4가지 주제와 잔디 유전자원 평가라는 소심포지움을 통해 다양한 정보교류가 있었다. 특히, 공원녹지 부회에서는 현재 일본의 사회적으로 가장 큰 이슈인 방사능오염물질 누출에 의한 공원, 교정 및 가정의 잔디밭의 방사능물질 오염 메카니즘과 오염물질을 효과적으로 제거하는 방법에 대하여 발표되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.298-305
• /
• 2017

벤조빈디플루피르는 곡류, 두류 등 작물의 녹병(rust) 방제에 사용되는 pyrazole carboxamide계 신규 살균제로 국내에서는 2016년 대두와 밀에 대하여 잔류허용기준(Maximum Residue Limit, MRL)이 최초 신설되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기준신설에 따른 농산물 중 이를 분석하기 위한 공정시험법을 개발하였다. 벤조빈디플루피르의 잔류물의 정의는 모화합물로, 벤조빈디플루피르의 물리화학적 특성을 고려하여 이를 검체에서 효율적으로 추출하기 위한 추출조건, 불순물을 효과적으로 정제하기 위한 액-액 분배조건과 정제조건을 확립하였다. 개발된 시험법의 검출한계, 정량한계, 선택성, 직선성, 및 회수율에 대한 검증을 통해 공정시험법으로 유효성을 입증하기 위해 실험실내 및 실험실간 검증을 수행 한 결과 회수율은 79.3~110.0%였고, 분석오차는 9.1% 이하이며, 실험실간 검증 결과는 83.4~117.3%, 변이계수(CV)는 9.0%로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 CODEX 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40)과 식품의약품안전평가원의 가이드라인(2016)에 만족하는 것으로 확인되었으므로 농산물 중 벤조빈디플루피르의 잔류검사를 위한 공정시험법으로 사용되기에 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제59권2호
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2016

Plant growth regulator is an essential pesticide to date while the available active ingredient is not well understood unlike fungicide, insecticide and herbicide. This study was aimed to evaluate a new chemical class of plant growth regulator, and the total of 92 benzene derivatives were screened for their germination and early stage of the root growth regulation on Brassica campestris. Thirty benzaldehydes, nine acids, one amide, and one ester showed potent root growth inhibitory activity (>70 % inhibition) while only salicylaldehyde showed potent germination inhibition ($IC_{50}=81.2mg/L$) suggesting that benzaldehyde was a key module candidate for the growth inhibition. Benzaldehydes were further evaluated for root growth inhibition. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde showed $IC_{50}$ values of 8.0 and 83.9 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, salicylaldehyde, and 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde were found to have root growth promotion effects less than 10 mg/L. This result suggests that the benzaldehyde is a new class candidate for plant growth regulator.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

Canine otitis externa is a common disorder in small animal practice with prevalence up to 20%. In a large percentage of cases, canine otitis externa is a chronic and recurrent disease also associated with drug-resistant bacteria that is difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new strategy to exterminate pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against canine otitis externa using three photosensitizer (PS); 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and Methyl aminolevulinic acid (MAL) with semiconductor laser diode (SLD, 635nm of wave length), Chlorophyll-lipoid complex (CLC) with light-emitting diode (LED, 660nm of wave length). After PDT, dogs showed improved Otitis Index Score (OTIS) in swelling, exudate, odor, and pain. A result of the cytology test revealed decrease of bacteria and malassezia count in the oil immersion field and colony forming units count. PDT was effective as a bacteriocide of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and a fungicide of Malassezia pachydermatis. MAL and 5-ALA were more effective PS against canine otitis externa than CLC. These results suggest that PDT is a new strategy to exterminate pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. PDT can be considered as a new therapeutic approach for canine recurrent otitis externa and a countermeasure to drug resistance that is a disadvantage of traditional antibiotic and antifungal therapy.