• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.1324-1328
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• 2008

목 적: 주의력 결핍/과잉 운동 장애(ADHD)를 진단받은 환아를 대상으로 뇌파 결과의 차이 및 이에 따른 역학적 비교를 하고자 하였으며 뇌파의 차이에 따른 경련 발현의 차이를 비교해보고자 하였다. 또한 ADHD의 치료제로 사용되는 중추신경자극제의 사용과 경련 발현과의 연관성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 주의산만을 주소로 충북대학교병원 소아청소년과 및 소아정신과 외래를 내원한 환아를 대상으로 의무기록지 고찰을 통해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 이전 경련의 병력이 없는 환아중 주의산만을 주소로 본원 신경정신과를 방문한 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 연령은 4세에서 17세 사이로 총 308명의 환아들 중 84명의 환아에서 뇌파를 시행하였으며 그중 남자가 72명(85.7%, 평균 연령 9.3세), 여자가 12명(14.3%, 평균 연령 8.0세)이었다. 정상뇌파소견을 보인 환아가 65명(77.4%), 이상뇌파소견을 보인 환아가 19명(22.6%)였으며 이중 경련증상을 보인 환아는 각각 1명(0.15%), 3명(15.7%)이었다. 중추신경자극제를 처방 받은 환자는 59명, 그렇지 않은 환자는 25명이었고 그중 경련증상을 보인경우는 각각 2명(3.4%), 2명(8.0%)로 나타났다. 결 론: ADHD 환아들은 임상에서는 표출되지 않으나 뇌파에서의 잠재적인 이상 소견 보일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 뇌파의 이상 소견과 추후 경련 발현 여부와는 매우 높은 연관성을 보이고 있으며, ADHD의 치료로써 사용된 methylphenidate의 사용에 따른 경련 발현과의 통계적 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 따라서 ADHD 환아들에서 뇌파의 이상 소견이 보일 경우는 향후 경련 발현에 대한 보다 주의 깊은 추적 관찰과 함께 ADHD 환아들의 삶의 질 향상에 대한 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 1999

목적 : 방사선치료에 대해 타과 전문의나 일반의 또는 일반인들이 문의하는 경우 왜곡된 견해를 가지고 있는 경우를 많이 만나게 된다. 이에 방사선종양학 강의를 듣기 전 학생들이 방사선치료에 대해 갖고 있는 단편적인 견해를 파악하고 암 종류에 따른 좋고 나쁜 이미지를 알아내어 학생들과 의사 또는 일반인 대상의 방사선치료 교육과 홍보에 이용하고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 방사선 종양학 강의를 듣기 전이고 임상 실습을 시작하지 않은 의학과 3학년 학생들을 대상으로 방사선치료의 실제적인 내용에 대해 어떻게 알고 있는가와 암 종류에 따른 좋고 나쁜 이미지를 설문의 형식으로 조사하였다. 암 종류는 남, 여로 나누어 한국인에 호발하는 암 중에서 선택하였다. 설문에 참여한 학생들의 수는 142명으로 남학생이 118명, 여학생이 24명이었다. 결과 : 방사선치료에 대해 학생들이 갖고 있는 단편적인 견해에 대한 설문 7개 중 지식에 관한 것이 6개인데 이중과반수의 학생에서 올바르게 알고 있는 항목은 1개에 불과하였다. 또한 항암화학요법과 방사선치료에 대해 56$\%$에서 부정적인 반응을 보였다. 학생들은 대장암, 폐암, 식도암, 간암, 유방암, 자궁암에 대해서는 나쁜 이미지를 가지고 있었는데 이들 암들은 국내 방사선치료 환자의 56$\%$,를 차지하며, 위암, 백혈병에 대해서는 좋은 이미지를 가지고 있었다. 결론. 많은 학생들이 방사선종양학 강의를 듣기 전에는 방사선치료의 기본적인 내용을 잘못 알고 있으므로 일반인들에게 이에 대한 홍보가 필요하겠다. 또한 많은 학생들이 항암치료에 대해 부정적인 생각을 가지는 경향이어서 치료 효과가 좋은 암들에 대해서는 구체적인 교육이 필요하고, 암 종류에 있어서, 혐오하는 경향이 있는 대장암, 페암, 식도암, 간암, 유방암, 자궁암은 방사선치료의 역할이 크므로 이러한 암들에 대해 방사선치료의 긍정적인 역할을 적극적으로 홍보하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was done to evaluate the effect of stopping drinking, using alcoholic liver disease questionnaire, Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine (DSOM) and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). Methods : 49 men who satisfied the requirement participated in this trial. They stopped drinking for 6 weeks. They were analyzed using DSOM, alcoholic liver disease questionnaire and SF-36. The data were classified by age (<47,$\geq$48) and alcoholic intake per day (<100g,$\geq$100g). For HRQOL, the SF-36v2 Health Survey was used and Quality Metric Health Outcomes Scoring Software 2.0 (QualityMetric, Lincoln, RI, USA) was applied for the analysis. Results : The alcoholic liver disease questionnaire had a partial correlation with DSOM. Generally stopping drinking decreased Heat (熱). Especially in the group drinking over 100g per day, the correlation was high. In the group over 48 years old, spleen (脾) was improved comparatively. In the group with low HRQOL (PCS<31.43, MCS<23.33) deficiency (虛) was improved. Conclusions : We found that stopping drinking can improve pathogenic factors of alcoholic liver disease and the alcoholic liver disease questionnaire be a useful diagnostic method on alcoholic liver disease by comparison with DSOM.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.715-722
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of short-term use of Korean herbal medicine (KHM; prescribed herbal medicine by doctors of traditional Korean medicine) on liver function. Three hundred eighty four outpatients who took KHM for various conditions were enrolled for multi-center, prospective observational study. Of them 237 patients completed questionnaire and were checked liver function (aspartic aminotransferase;AST, alanine aminotransferase;ALT, alkaline phosphatase;ALP, total bilirubin;t-Bil, direct bilirubin;d-Bil, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase;GGT, protein and albumin) before and after taking KHM (duration; 21.4${\pm}$10.0 days), and data were analysed statistically. Of the 213 patients showing normal liver function test (LFT) at baseline, 209 (98.1%) remained within the normal range at the second test while 3 (1.4%) revealed slight increase of LFT. Only one subject had raised LFT regarding level of liver injury without perceived symptoms. Twenty-four of 237 patients were abnormal at baseline, and 16 at the second testing. Of the patients taking KHM, only 4 changed from normal to abnormal while 12 from abnormal to normal in their LFT. There were no significant increase in LFT level between the first and second test, except in the t-Bil level, however, the change of t-Bil was small and within normal range. The current study showed that the use of KHM did not increase the frequency of abnormal LFTs, at least in the short term.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.147-164
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• 1993

A study has been conducted on developing questionnaires to serve as on site diagnostic tools for the early detection of neuropsychiatric impairment among workers chronically exposed to low-level organic solvents. Two drafts of tentative questionnaires have been developed as follows; several question items were selected from questionnaires which were administered to workers exposed to organic solvents in previous studios and were grouped into each symptom category based on the presence of its association using Guttman scaling method, then these selected items were reviewed by neuropsychiatry specialists. The final draft of the questionnaire (total symptom score=36) was developed by selecting 33 question items which had more than a 0.88 Guttman coefficient of reproducibility in each symptom category from a pilot study in which these tentative questionnaires were administered to workers manufacturing soles. Three plants using organic solvents and one plant never using organic solvents as a control group were selected to test the reliability and validity of the developed questionnaires. The major organic solvent in the workplace environment detected by a personal air sampler and GC/MSD nab toluene. The concentration of toluene in air from the department using organic solvent was statistically different from that of the department never using organic solvent. The concentration of toluene from almost all of the workplace did not exceed the allowable level. There was no statistically significant difference between the concentration of urinary hippuric acid from the workers of the department using organic solvent and that of the department never using it. Total symptom score of the plant never using organic solvents was 9.8 and those of the three plants using organic solvents were 15.6, 14.7, and 13,7 respectively. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaires, the workers from two different departments of the plant in which usage of organic solvents are totally dofferemt were compared. The total symptom score was 17.8 for workers of the department using organic solvent and 13.5 for the department never using organic solvent and scores of each symptom group between exposure and non-exposure group also showed statistically significant difference. The finding that total symptom score of the exposure group increased as the duration of employment increased indirectly suggests the usefulness of the developed questionnaire to assess the health effects of chronic exposure to organic solvents. The correlation coefficient, which was calculated to evaluate the test-retest reliability, was 0.581 (p=0.001). The coefficient of Crohnbach which reflects the internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.91. In conclusion, the reliabilty of the questionnaire was well maintained over the time lapse between the two administrations of the questionnaire and despite the seasonal difference.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2018

T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and $GSK3{\beta}$-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

임신과 출산은 일부 여성들을 주요우울증 발병에 취약하게 한다. 산모의 10%에서 출산 후 수주 이내에 산후 우울증이 발병하며 이는 장차 아동의 인지적, 정서적 발달에 부정적 영향을 줄 수 있다고 알려졌다. 임신 중 우울증은 상대적으로 간과되어 왔지만 산후 우울증과 마찬가지로 흔하며 임산부의 정신병리가 태아의 생리 발달에 영향을 미친다는 증거가 축적되고 있어 주목을 받고 있다. 임신 및 출산과 관련된 우울증의 원인을 이해하기 위해서는 다양한 정신사회학적, 생물학적 위험 요인을 포괄적으로 고려할 필요가 있다. 임신과 관련된 우울증을 치료하기 위해 정신과 의사는 임신 및 치료 방법과 관련된 여러 가지 상황의 위험 혹은 이득을 포괄적으로 분석해야 하며 치료 방법을 능숙하게 결정할 수 있어야 한다. 임신 중 우울증에는 심리치료, 약물치료, 전기 충격 요법 등이 효과적이라고 알려져 있다. 산후 우울증을 치료하는 데에는 생물학적, 심리학적, 환경적 개입 등의 방법이 있으며, 구체적으로는 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제 등의 항우울제, 지지적 상담 등의 효과가 증명되었고, 증상이 심할 경우에는 Estrogen이 효과적이라고 알려져 있다. 한편, 임신 및 출산과 관련된 우울증의 신경내분비학적, 심리사회학적 병인을 규명하기 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 향후 임산부의 산전 및 산후 관리에 있어서 임상각과 간의 통합적인 접근에 의한 우울증의 조기 진단 및 치료가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2008

Objectives : We investigated the effects of distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 58 healthy volunteers consisted of 28 subjects in experiment(distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture) group and 30 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 28 subjects in experiment group were injected distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong) and 30 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline at $G_{21}$(Kyonjong). except of 2 subjects(in control group) who can't be measured and 6 subjects(2 in experiment group and 4 in control group) who move or make unforceable error during measuring. Finally 26 subject in experiment group and 24 subject in control group are studied. We measured HRV by PolyG-I on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the paired t-test(in group) and Student t-test(between two groups) were used to verify the result. Results : 1. After distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture injection, Mean HRV is significantly low only for first 5 minute, SDNN is significantly high after 5 minute, Complexity is significantly low only from 20 minute to 25 minute. HRV index is significantly high for first 5minute and from 10 minute to after 10 minute. 2. HRV index of distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 25 minute to 30 minute, and pNN50 of Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly decreased from 20 minute to 30 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. 3. After distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture injection, Ln(TP) and Ln(VLF) are significantly high after injection. Normalized LF is significantly high from 5 minute to 20 minute and from 25 minute and 30 minute. Normalized HF is significantly low from 5minute to 20 minute and from 25 minute and 30 minute. 4. Ln(TP) and Ln(VLF) of distilled Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 20 minute to 25 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. Conclusions : The results suggest that Rehmannia glutinosa Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man tend to activate the autonomic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system compared to Normal Saline within normal range.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the trends of Korean medical study on stress in the industrial worker. Methods : We received numbers of the studies about stress in the industrial worker from 6 Korean web databases, using key words such as 'Industry AND Stress', 'Oriental medicine AND Stress', 'Worker AND Stress', 'Workplace AND Stress'. We received 12 research papers and they were analyzed and the journals, the authors, the contents of 3 classification of those research papers. Results : Among them, we had 6 reviews of Dept. of preventive medicine and Dept. of third medicine, college of Korean Medicine, Won-kwang University, and the rest of them were 6 reviews. We had 4 reviews of Korean Journal of Oriental Preventive Medical Society, 2 reviews of the Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine, 2 reviews of Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry and so on. According to the contents of reviews, we had 7 reviews of correlation of industrial worker and stress, 4 reviews of cause on the industrial worker's stress and 1 case report. Conclusions : We reviewed the trends of Korean medical study on stress in the industrial worker. The stress in the industrial workers were related with the type of occupation, social psychology, drinking, smoking, the satisfaction of job, the harmony of organization. And we knew that the musculoskeletal pain was related to the industrial worker's stress. In the future, abundant case studies, follow-up trials and RCTs should be done about the industrial worker's stress.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

This study was introduced the short-term effectiveness of Oriental medicine treatment for lumbar disc herniation inpatients. We selected 208 inpatients with a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-confirmed lumbar disc herniation since June 2012 until August 2012. Their demographics characterisitics, numeric rating scale(NRS) and Oswestry back-related disability index(ODI) for low or leg pain, lumbar flexion and extension angle were assessed at baseline and when discharged from the hospital. When it measured the straight leg raisingscale(SLR), the low side of the angle was examined. Treatment every patient has received as follow; herbal medicine, bee venom, acupuncture and physical examination, spinal manipulation. NRS of low back pain and leg pain and ODI is $5.6{\pm}2.3$, $4.9{\pm}2.8$ and $45.5{\pm}20.0$, respectively at baseline and $2.8{\pm}1.8$, $2.7{\pm}1.9$ and $27.2{\pm}14.1$, respectively when discharged from the hospital. range of motion(ROM) of lumbar flexion and extension angle and SLR is $70.0{\pm}27.1$, $15.4{\pm}7.2$ and $61.3{\pm}23.0$ respectively at baseline and $80.5{\pm}16.9$, $18.25{\pm}4.1$ and $73.2{\pm}14.0$, respectively when discharged from the hospital. It shows that statistically significant improved(P<0.001). Furthermore, regarding patient satisfaction with the treatment, excellent(33.7%), good(55.4%), normal(10.4%), poor(0.5%), it suggests that most patients(89%) satisfied with the treatment.