• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제10C권3호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 웹 서비스를 대상으로 한 다양한 DDoS 공격이 진행 중일 때 패킷들의 TCP 헤더 내에 SYN, ACK 혹은 RST 등 다양한 플래그 값들이 설정된 패킷의 수와 총 패킷수와의 비율을 조사 분석하였다. 그 결과, 특정 플래그가 설정된 패킷 수의 비율이 각각의 DDoS 공격 유형에 따라서 매우 독특한 특성을 가짐을 발견하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 얻어진 이 특징들은 DDoS 공격을 조기에 탐지하는 기법과 시스템을 DDoS 공격으로부터 보호하는 기법 연구에 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 예상된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1330-1347
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• 2018

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of nodes or communication devices that wish to communicate without any fixed infrastructure and predetermined organization of available links. The effort has been made by proposing a scheme to overcome the critical security issue in MANET. The insufficiency of security considerations in the design of Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector protocol makes it vulnerable to the threats of collaborative black hole attacks, where hacker nodes attack the data packets and drop them instead of forwarding. To secure mobile ad hoc networks from collaborative black hole attacks, we implement our scheme and considered sensor's energy as a key feature with a better packet delivery ratio, less delay time and high throughput. The proposed scheme has offered an improved solution to diminish collaborative black hole attacks with high performance and benchmark results as compared to the existing schemes EDRIAODV and DRIAODV respectively. This paper has shown that throughput and packet delivery ratio increase while the end to end delay decreases as compared to existing schemes. It also reduces the overall energy consumption and network traffic by maintaining accuracy and high detection rate which is more safe and reliable for future work.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5256-5262
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• 2014

최근 국가기관, 언론사, 금융권 등에 대하여 분산 서비스 거부(Distributed Denial of Service, DDoS) 공격, 악성코드 유포 등 무차별 사이버테러가 발생하고 있다. DDoS 공격은 네트워크 계층에서의 대역폭 소모를 주된 공격 방법으로 정상적인 사용자와 크게 다르지 않는 패킷을 이용하여 공격을 하기 때문에 탐지 및 대응이 어렵다. 이러한 인터넷 비정상적인 트래픽이 증가하여 네트워크의 안전성 및 신뢰성을 위협하고 있어 비정상 트래픽에 대한 발생 징후를 사전에 탐지하여 대응할 수 있는 방안의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비정상 트래픽 탐지 기법에 대한 현황 및 문제점을 분석하고, 예측방법인 추세 모형, 지수평활법, 웨이브렛 분석 방법 등을 비교 분석하여 인터넷 트래픽의 특성을 실시간으로 분석 및 예측이 가능한 가장 적합한 예측 모형을 이용한 탐지 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2014

Recent advancement in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has paved the way for WSNs to enable in various environments in monitoring temperature, motion, sound, and vibration. These applications often include the detection of sensitive information from enemy movements in hostile areas or in locations of personnel in buildings. Due to characteristics of WSNs and dealing with sensitive information, wireless sensor nodes tend to be exposed to the enemy or in a hazard area, and security is a major concern in WSNs. Because WSNs pose unique challenges, traditional security techniques used in conventional networks cannot be applied directly, many researchers have developed various security protocols to fit into WSNs. To develop countermeasures of various attacks in WSNs, descriptions and analysis of current security attacks in the network layers must be developed by using a standard notation. However, there is no research paper describing and analyzing security models in WSNs by using a standard notation such as The Unified Modeling Language (UML). Using the UML helps security developers to understand security attacks and design secure WSNs. In this research, we provide standard models for security attacks by UML Sequence Diagrams to describe and analyze possible attacks in the three network layers.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that connects physical and virtual objects from various domains such as home automation, industrial processes, human health, and monitoring. IoT sensors receive information from their environment and forward it to their neighboring nodes. However, the large amounts of exchanged data are vulnerable to attacks that reduce the network performance. Most of the previous security methods for IoT have neglected the energy consumption of IoT, thereby affecting the performance and reducing the network lifetime. This paper presents a new multistep routing protocol based on cellular learning automata. The network lifetime is improved by a performance-based adaptive reward and fine parameters. Nodes can vote on the reliability of their neighbors, achieving network reliability and a reasonable level of security. Overall, the proposed method balances the security and reliability with the energy consumption of the network.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권4C호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2006

피어-투-피어(P2P) 네트워크는 개방적, 평면적, 자율적 특성으로 인하여 참여 피어들의 악의적인 공격에 근원적으로 취약하다. 본 논문에서는 부트스트래핑(bootstrapping) 단계 및 온라인 단계에서의 악의적 피어들의 공격을 효율적으로 방어하는 문제를 다룬다. 본 논문은 부트스트래핑 단계에서 네트워크의 신뢰성 있는 노드를 이용하여 새로 가입하는 피어에게 ID 관련 정보를 안전하게 부여하는 멤버쉽 처리 프로토콜을 제시한다. 이 신뢰성 있는 노드들은 새로운 피어들이 네트워크에 참여할 때만 사용되곤 그 이외의 P2P 동작에는 관여하지 않는다. 온라인 단계에서의 공격에 대하여 본 논문에서는 P2P 오버레이를 통해 전송되는 메시지의 구조를 제안하여, 메시지 변경, 재생 공격 및 잘못된 정보를 가지는 메시지 공격들의 검출이 용이해지도록 한다 제안한 기법들은 함께 적용되어 악의적 피어들의 속임수를 억제함으로써 피어들로 하여금 네트워크의 프로토콜을 준수하게 만든다. 제안 기법들은 기본적 P2P 오버레이 모델을 가정하여 비구조적 및 구조적의 다수 P2P 네트워크들에 적용될 수 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become more and more widespread in recent years, thus attackers are placing greater emphasis on IoT environments. The IoT connects a large number of smart devices via wired and wireless networks that incorporate sensors or actuators in order to produce and share meaningful information. Attackers employed IoT devices as bots to assault the target server; however, because of their resource limitations, these devices are easily infected with IoT malware. The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is one of the many security problems that might arise in an IoT context. DDOS attempt involves flooding a target server with irrelevant requests in an effort to disrupt it fully or partially. This worst practice blocks the legitimate user requests from being processed. We explored an intelligent intrusion detection system (IIDS) using a particular sort of machine learning, such as Artificial Neural Networks, (ANN) in order to handle and mitigate this type of cyber-attacks. In this research paper Feed-Forward Neural Network (FNN) is tested for detecting the DDOS attacks using a modified version of the KDD Cup 99 dataset. The aim of this paper is to determine the performance of the most effective and efficient Back-propagation algorithms among several algorithms and check the potential capability of ANN- based network model as a classifier to counteract the cyber-attacks in IoT environments. We have found that except Gradient Descent with Momentum Algorithm, the success rate obtained by the other three optimized and effective Back- Propagation algorithms is above 99.00%. The experimental findings showed that the accuracy rate of the proposed method using ANN is satisfactory.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1009-1019
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• 2018

Bitcoin은 블록체인을 활용한 최초의 어플리케이션으로 새로운 지불 수단으로 각광받고 있지만, 확장성에 있어서 한계점을 갖는다. Lightning Network의 개념은 최근 Bitcoin의 확장성 문제를 다루기 위해 소개되었다. 본 논문에서는 실제 Bitcoin Lightning Network가 scale-free 특성을 갖는다는 것을 밝혔다. 따라서 임의 노드 실패에 강건한 반면, 네트워크의 특정 노드를 목표로 하는 공격에 대해 취약할 수 있다. 네트워크 공격 모델의 시뮬레이션을 통해 Bitcoin Lightning Network의 강건성을 실험적으로 분석했으며, 시뮬레이션 결과는 실제로 Lightning Network가 높은 차수를 갖는 소수의 노드를 파괴하는 공격에 취약하다는 것을 보여 준다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2008

Sensor networks are often deployed in unattended environments, thus leaving these networks vulnerable to false data injection attacks in which an adversary injects forged reports into the network through compromised nodes. Such attacks by compromised sensors can cause not only false alarms but also the depletion of the finite amount of energy in a battery powered network. In order to reduce damage from these attacks, several security solutions have been proposed. Researchers have also proposed some techniques to increase the energy-efficiency of such security solutions. In this paper, we propose a CH(Cluster Header) selection algorithm to choose low power delivery method in sensor networks. The CNP(Contract Net Protocol), which is an approach to solve distribution problems, is applied to choose CHs for event sensing. As a result of employing CNP, the proposed method can prevent dropping of sensing reports with an insufficient number of message authentication codes during the forwarding process, and is efficient in terms of energy saving.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

The advanced computer network and Internet technology enables connectivity of computers through an open network environment. Despite the growing numbers of security threats to networks, most intrusion detection identifies security attacks mainly by detecting misuse using a set of rules based on past hacking patterns. This pattern matching has a high rate of false positives and can not detect new hacking patterns, making it vulnerable to previously unidentified attack patterns and variations in attack and increasing false negatives. Intrusion detection and prevention technologies are thus required. We proposed a network based hybrid Probe Intrusion Detection model using Fuzzy cognitive maps (PIDuF) that detects intrusion by DoS (DDoS and PDoS) attack detection using packet analysis. A DoS attack typically appears as a probe and SYN flooding attack. SYN flooding using FCM model captures and analyzes packet information to detect SYN flooding attacks. Using the result of decision module analysis, which used FCM, the decision module measures the degree of danger of the DoS and trains the response module to deal with attacks. For the performance evaluation, the "IDS Evaluation Data Set" created by MIT was used. From the simulation we obtained the max-average true positive rate of 97.064% and the max-average false negative rate of 2.936%. The true positive error rate of the PIDuF is similar to that of Bernhard's true positive error rate.