• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Administrative city has been developed step by step aiming to being a public transport-oriented new city. In spite of its primary goal, administrative city is dominated by car-oriented tansportaion system because the supply of public transportation has not been adequately and timely performed. In this study, we investigate the current situation related to (public) transportation use in administrative city. Also, we examine the issues of traffic system through a survey on residents' consciousness about public transportation use. Additionally, the analysis of demand elasticity according to the change of the conditions of using public transportation and passenger car is conducted for passenger car users. As a result, it is analyzed that as the neighborhood is more stabilized after the completion of development the resistance to the abandonment of passenger car is higher when the tide demand control method is introduced. Therefore, it is concluded that pre-emptive public transportation supply and the management of car demand management are necessary for the activation of public transportation in Administrative city.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.44-52
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• 2002

Since memory technology has been developed fast, test complexity and test time have been increased simultaneously. In practice, March algorithms are used widely for detecting various faults. However, March algorithms cannot detect NPSFs(Neighborhood Pattern Sensitive Faults) which must be considered for DRAMs. This paper proposes an effective algorithm for high fault coverage by modifying the conventional March algorithms.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2011

BIM based design methodology requires more information than traditional design methodology in order to insure efficiency throughout the project. BIM based design not only requires all building data in the form of 3D shapes, but also all other relevant data regarding building components. Information is typically grouped in a standard classification system such as by standardized material names. The development of a domestic BIM based standard classification system is yet to be created and deployed in the industry. Each designer is specifying their own building information classification systems which is causing inconsistency in the industry. Therefore BIM based designs, are causing confusion in the industry as each designer follow no guidelines for material standardization classification. The lack of information regarding this in the BIM template will continue to cause confusion about a projects building information data consistently. This study is that of preliminary research to develop a BIM template. First, overseas BIM templates were analyzed regarding BIM standards and documentation. Examination then followed regarding the element and characteristics needed for the development of a BIM template, a suggested hierarchy of elements required for a BIM template were then made. The result of this research is that it will be used to develop a "BIM template prototype", to support the generation of building information data regarding neighborhood facilities.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.406-414
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• 2014

Significant penetration of induction motor loads into residential neighborhood and commercial regions of local transmission systems at least partially determine a vulnerability to a fault induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) event. Highly concentrated induction motor loads with constant torque could stall in response to low voltages associated with system faults. FIDVR is caused by wide spread stalling of small HVAC units (residential air conditioner) during transmission level faults. An under voltage load shedding scheme (UVLS) can be an effective component in a strategy to manage FIDVR risk and limit the any potential disturbance. Under Voltage Load Shedding take advantage of the plan to recovery the voltage of the system by shedding the load ways to alleviation FIDVR.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.131-141
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• 2002

We present Near-IR photometry of the Arches cluster, a young and massive stellar cluster near the Galactic center. We have analyzed the high resolution (FWHM $\~$ 0.2") Hand K' band images in the Galactic Center Demonstration Science Data Set, which were obtained with the Gemini/Hokupa's adaptive optics (AO) system. We present the color-magnitude diagram, the luminosity function and the initial mass function (IMF) of the stars in the Arches cluster in comparison with the HST/NICMOS data. The IMF slope for the range of 1.0 < log (M/M$\bigodot$) < 2.1 is estimated to be ${\Gamma} = -0.79 {\pm} 0.16$, in good agreements with the earlier result based on the HST/NICMOS data [Figer et al. 1999, ApJ, 525, 750]. These results strengthen the evidence that the IMF of the bright. stars close to the Galactic center is much flatter than that for the solar neighborhood. This is also consistent with a recent finding that the IMFs of the bright stars in young clusters in M33 get flatter as the galactocentric distance decreases [Lee et al. 2001, astro-ph 0109258]. It is found that the power of the Gemini/ AO system is comparable, with some limits, to that of the HST/NICMOS.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.223-227
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• 1983

A molecular dynamic computer experiment was performed on a system of 108 particles composed of a single polymer chain and solvent molecules. The state considered was in the immediate neighborhood of the triple point of the system. The polymer itself is an analog of a freely jointed chain. The Lennard-Jones potential was used to represent the interactions between all particles except for that between the chain elements forming a bond in the polymer chain, for which the interaction was expressed by a harmonic potential. The self-diffusion coefficient and velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) of a polymer were calculated at various chain lengths $N_p$, and various interaction strengths between solvent molecules and a polymer chain element. For self-diffusion coefficients D, the Einstein relation holds good; as chain length $N_p$ increases the D value decreases, and D also decreases as ${\varepsilon}_{cs}$ (the interaction parameter between the chain element and solvent molecules) increases. The relaxation time of velocity autocorrelation decreases as ${\varepsilon}_{cs}$ increases, and it is constant for various chain lengths. The diffusion coefficients in various conditions reveal that our systems are in a free draining limit as is well known from the behavior of low molecular weight polymers, this also agrees with the Kirkwood-Riesman theory.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.455-464
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• 2024

Seismic movements have varying effects on structures based on characteristics of local site. During an earthquake, weak soils are susceptible to damage due to amplified wave amplitudes. Soil-structure interaction issue has garnered increased attention in Türkiye, after devastating earthquakes in Kocaeli Gölcük (1999), Izmir (2020), Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık and Elbistan (2023). Consequently, liquefaction potential has been investigated in detail for different regions of Türkiye, mainly with available field test results. Çankırı, a city located close to North Anatolian Fault, is mainly built on alluvium, which is prone to liquefaction. However, no study on liquefaction hazard has been conducted thus far. In this study, groundwater level map, SPT map, and liquefaction risk map have been generated using Geographical Information System (GIS) for the Buğday Pazarı District of Çankırı province. Site investigations studies previously performed for 47 parcels (76 boreholes) were used within the scope of this study. The liquefaction assessment was conducted using Seed and Idriss's (1971) simplified method and the visualization of areas susceptible to liquefaction risk has been accomplished. The results of this study have been compared with the City Council's precautionary map which is currently in use. As a result of this study, it is recommended that minimum depth of boreholes in the region should be at least 30m and adequate number of laboratory tests particularly in liquefiable areas should be performed. Another important recommendation for the region is that detailed investigation should be performed by local authorities since findings of this study differ from currently used precautionary map.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 1999

Purpose : This paper introduces a computationally inexpensive context-dependent classification of multi-echo MRI with Bayes compound decision model. In order to produce accurate region segmentation especially in homogeneous area and along boundaries of the regions, we propose a classification method that uses contextual information of local enighborhood system in the image. Material and Methods : The performance of the context free classifier over a statistically heterogeneous image can be improved if the local stationary regions in the image are disassociated from each other through the mechanism of the interaction parameters defined at he local neighborhood level. In order to improve the classification accuracy, we use the contextual information which resolves ambiguities in the class assignment of a pattern based on the labels of the neighboring patterns in classifying the image. Since the data immediately surrounding a given pixel is intimately associated with this given pixel., then if the true nature of the surrounding pixel is known this can be used to extract the true nature of the given pixel. The proposed context-dependent compound decision model uses the compound Bayes decision rule with the contextual information. As for the contextual information in the model, the directional transition probabilities estimated from the local neighborhood system are used for the interaction parameters. Results : The context-dependent classification paradigm with compound Bayesian model for multi-echo MR images is developed. Compared to context free classification which does not consider contextual information, context-dependent classifier show improved classification results especially in homogeneous and along boundaries of regions since contextual information is used during the classification. Conclusion : We introduce a new paradigm to classify multi-echo MRI using clustering analysis and Bayesian compound decision model to improve the classification results.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.149-155
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to grasp how the dwellers of apartment cognize the real condition of the management such as general control of janitor office or management of maintenance, environment, account and imposing price of management. The analysed results of recognition are as following. First, as the dwellers judged that the janitors are incapable to control dispute among the households, it needs to develop the ability to cope with the demand of control dispute by various curriculum. There should be more strict management of parking lot for the handicapped. Second, it needs to establish the plan to improve maintenance of the rest facility. Third, as dwellers thought the management expenses not to be made public clearly, it needs to use various way, not only by neighborhood meeting but also information system such as establishing web page or E-mail notice for better announcement of the settled matters such as management expenses. Forth, the audit result of management expenses and the measures conducted after audit should be reported widely, contract of construction work services needs to be publicized by neighborhood meeting or other information system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.806-816
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• 2017

This study aims to offer effective policies for managing local temperatures and reducing the heat island effect by identifying elements that affect local temperatures. The three elements of natural environment, land use, and land coverage were first selected, and then control factors were applied, including season, weather, and measurement units for wind speed. In order to analyze these factors' relations to summer temperatures, an integrated model was developed, and an analysis was conducted of the urban heat island reduction effect of elements impacting local temperatures. The analysis used nationwide weather system (AWS) data from July and August 2007 and 2011-2016, land coverage data provided by the Ministry of Environment, and land use area data from local governments after rearranging them based upon their falling within a 500-meter radius ($0.79km^2$) of AWS measuring points. The study results show that the natural environment, land use, and land coverage all have a relation to changes in local temperatures. Natural elements have the greatest impact, and land use has the lowest. The results could provide basic data for establishing more effective policies to mitigate the heat island effect and strategies for enhancing the sustainability of cities.