• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2015

Forest statistics of local administrative districts have many social needs, nevertheless we have some difficulties for working out an accurate statistics because of insufficient data in small-area level. Thus, new small-area estimation method has to set aside additional data, decrease errors of statistics and consider the local forest characteristics at the same time. In this study, we researched the spatial divisions that can set aside additional data for statistics production and satisfy the major premise, which is "forest characteristics of spatial divisions have to be equal to that of small-area". And we compared synthetic estimation methods based on three different spatial divisions(provinces, neighbor districts and new expanded districts). New expanded districts were divided based on the criteria of climate, soil type and tree species composition that affects local forest characteristics. Small-area statistics were assessed in terms of the ability to estimate local forest characteristics and consistency within large-area statistics. As a result, new expanded districts synthetic estimation was assessed to calculate statistics that reflects local forest characteristics better than other two estimation methods. Moreover, this synthetic estimation method produced the statistics that was included within 95% confidence interval of large-area statistics and was the closer to large-area statistics than the neighbor districts synthetic estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.6 s.105
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• pp.907-921
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• 2004

Lots of characteristics such as dwelling, neighborhood, and accessibility characteristics affect to the housevalue. Many researches have been done to identify values of each characteristic using hedonic technique. However, there is a limit to identify interaction of each characteristic and variation of each characteristic among the accessibility context. This paper has implemented the Expansion Method research paradigm to model the housevalue determination process in the city of Seoul. The findings of this paper have revealed the presence of contextual variations in the housevalue determination process. The initial model for housevalue reveals that as $F_1$ increases (i.e., larger the number of rooms/bathrooms, larger parking space) and/or $F_2$ increases (i.e., higher owner occupied housing units, higher apartment housing units) and/or $F_3$ increases, (i.e., higher the ratio of higher than college graduated households, 8 school zone, older housing units) the estimated housevalue increases. However, the above relationships drift across their respective contexts. The houses which have negative $F_1$ value, the housevalue does not fluctuate according to the distance to the city center or subcenters. However, the houses which have positive $F_1$ value, the closer to the subcenters or shorter to the river, the higher the estimated housevalues. On the other hand, in areas far from the subcenters, the estimated housevalues does not fluctuate much according to the corresponding $F_2$ level. In areas close to the subcenters, the estimated housevalues vary tremendously according to the $F_2$ value. In the residual analysis, it is revealed that large apartment which are located in Kangnam, IchongDong, MokDong are underestimated. This paper has contributed to our understanding of the housevalue determination process by providing an alternative conceptualization to the traditional approach.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.272-287
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• 2013

This paper describes the importance of selecting explanatory variables(e.g. land price determinants) in hedonic pricing models employed in predicting real estate price, and explores dynamics of the land price determinants over time. The City of Junju was chosen as the study area, and repeated measured price data of standard lots over 17 years were analyzed. We applied a three-level modeling approach to this data in consideration of its nested data structure and longitudinal characteristics. Main land price determinants we focused on are primarily based on items included in the standard comparison table of land price, which is an official hedonic pricing model used by Government to estimate land price for tax levy. Our result shows that the land price fluctuation over 17 years was not uniform over the whole study area with each neighborhood revealing different price trend, and as such warrants longitudinal model components. In addition, some of determinants previously recognized as important were proved insignificant. It was also found that significant determinants at a particular time point lost its power gradually over time and vice versa. It is expected that more accurate prediction of price would be possible when taken account for this dynamics of price determinants over time in applying hedonic pricing model method.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.691-711
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• 2016

Recently, Economic spaces around the world have changed dynamically. Creative arts and cultural actors have begun to emerge in old industrial neighborhoods of major metropolitan cities. These new actors can be seen as creative actors in arts and culture, as well as non-economic actors that have been somewhat overlooked in the traditional approaches of economic geography. They contribute to overcoming regional economic crisis, as these actors bring a particular deviant and creative atmosphere in the neighborhood. Especially, informal gatherings of artistic communities play a pivotal role in knowledge platforms for dynamics of knowledge creation and creativity, which has a significant effect on shaping a creative milieu in the initial stage of formation of a regional ecosystem. In this regard, this paper will investigate the fundamental mechanisms and driving forces of urban spatial restructuring through a case study of the creative arts and cultural ecosystem in Seongsu-dong, Seoul, Korea. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to identify the formation process and key drivers behind the development of the early arts and cultural ecosystem in Seongsu-dong from an evolutionary perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

Since walking and physical activity are critical for older adults to maintain their health, it is important to provide neighborhood environments which encourage their walking in daily life. The purposes of the present study were to investigate walking activity patterns of older people in an urban setting and to identify environmental correlates with walking of older adults. This study examined spatial and temporal patterns of physical activities, environmental barriers and motivations, satisfaction levels and demands on the physical environment. In-depth interviews with older adults over age sixty residing in Seoul metropolitan areas revealed that most respondents have a positive perception on walking in daily life, and many of them walk regularly for their health. A primary purpose of walking for older adults was exercise for health rather than transportation. The study result demonstrated that parks and trails were the most preferred places for walking by older adults, and there is an association between frequency of walking participation and access or convenience to parks, traffic safety, and street lights. Most respondents were concerned about traffic safety when they walk in their neighborhoods due to traffic speeds and unsafe streets. Lack of separate sidewalks or benches, stairs and slopes were barriers to older adults' walking habits. This data suggests that the promotion of walking behavior among older adults, some level of public health action, and community support are needed to ensure safe physical environments within communities.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 1998

Purpose : This paper introduces a new three dimensional magnetic Resonance Image classification which is based on Mar kov Random Field-Gibbs Random Field with a line model. Material and Methods : The performance of the Gibbs Classifier over a statistically heterogeneous image can be improved if the local stationary regions in the image are disassociated from each other through the mechanism of the interaction parameters defined at the local neighborhood level. This usually involves the construction of a line model for the image. In this paper we construct a line model for multisignature images based on the differential of the image which can provide an a priori estimate of the unobservable line field, which may lie in regions with significantly different statistics. the line model estimated from the original image data can in turn be used to alter the values of the interaction parameters of the Gibbs Classifier. Results : MRF-Gibbs classifier for volumetric MR images is developed under the condition that the domain of the image classification is $E^{3}$ space rather thatn the conventional $E^{2}$ space. Compared to context free classification, MRF-Gibbs classifier performed better in homogeneous and along boundaries since contextual information is used during the classification. Conclusion : We construct a line model for multisignature, multidimensional image and derive the interaction parameter for determining the energy function of MRF-Gibbs classifier.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 1999

The Chinese poems written by Je-Ma Yi may be categorized into two different facets: one is about a broad spectrum of a man's feelings covering from delight to sorrow; and the other is about self-caution. He has been known to be a warrior having strong self-respect and a man of tough personality reluctant to compromise with others. As a result of analyzing his poems, however, it was confirmed that he was an ordinary person who got along with his neighborhood, took a pleasure in appreciating natural beauty and wandered around in agonies of pain. The literary features reflected in his self-caution poems are compatible with his own philosophical thought. Through these poems, he revealed his autonomous perception of life, and its ultimate goal was placed on the fulfillment of moral obligation, the highest value that a man should achieve as an individual. Je-Ma Yi's Chinese poems are in full harmony with the general tendency shown in the area of poetic literature during the late Yi dynasty. As pointed out above, particular qualities are represented in his poems, and thereby, from comparative perspectives with his unique literariness, future research activities should be directed to a well-defined study on other contemporary writers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

This paper proposes the effective edge selection algorithm for the rapid processing time and low memory usage of efficient graph-based image segmentation on mobile device. The graph-based image segmentation algorithm is to extract objects from a single image. The objects are consisting of graph edges, which are created by information of each image's pixel. The edge of graph is created by the difference of color intensity between the pixel and neighborhood pixels. The object regions are found by connecting the edges, based on color intensity and threshold value. Therefore, the number of edges decides on the processing time and amount of memory usage of graph-based image segmentation. Comparing to personal computer, the mobile device has many limitations such as processor speed and amount of memory. Additionally, the response time of application is an issue of mobile device programming. The image processing on mobile device should offer the reasonable response time, so that, the image segmentation processing on mobile should provide with the rapid processing time and low memory usage. In this paper, we demonstrate the performance of the effective edge selection algorithm, which effectively controls the edges of graph for the rapid processing time and low memory usage of graph-based image segmentation on mobile device.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

A public perception survey of environmental health due to small-scale industries was conducted in Sudong Myun, Namyangju City, Kyungki Do, recently being changed to industrialized rural community. This survey had the purpose to ascertain public interest, to identify public needs, and to assess participation for environmental health programs of rural community. The results of survey were as follows: 1. The rate of the respondents with factory worker 19.4% and half(53.1%) of respondents had lived nearby the factory. 2. Some respondents were not favor their neighboring factories(30.1%) and have discussed about its environmental problems in community meeting(14.4%) especially in neighborhood adjacent factories. 3. The respondents have perceived that: (1) major problems were water contamination, air pollution, nasty odor, dust, and noise (2) health problems were more serious in employees than in other residents (3) the employers were responsible for environmental problems (4) the health service should provided by public health center channel and participated by the residents (5) most important service for workers was improvement of working conditions. We hope the community environmental and/or occupational health delivery system for the employees and residents will be developed true public health center channel in a rural community on the basis of this result.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.335-343
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• 2005

Inorganic bovine bone mineral has been widely researched as bone substitution materials in orthopedic and oral and maxillofacial application. OCS-B(NIBEC, Korea) is newly-developed inorganic bovine bone mineral. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bovine bone-derived bone graft material(OCS-B). Micro-structure of newly-developed inorganic bovine bone mineral(OCS-B) was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Round cranial defects with eight mm diameter were made and filled with OCS-B in rabbits. OCS-B was inserted into femoral quadrant muscle in mouse. In scanning electron microscope, OCS-B was equal to natural hydroxyapatite. Rabbits were sacrificed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery and mice were sacrificed at 1 week and 2 weeks after surgery. Decalcified specimens were prepared and observed by microscope. In calvarial defects, osteoid and new bone were formed in the neighborhood of OCS-B at 2 weeks after surgery. And at 4 weeks after surgery osteoid and new bone bridge formed flourishingly. No inflammatory cells were seen on the surface of OCS-B at 1 week and 2 weeks in mouse experimental group. It is concluded that newly-developed inorganic bovine bone mineral(OCS-B) is a flourishing bone-forming material and biocompatible material.