• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.289-297
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• 2001

As the basic study to investigate the mechanism of improvement in the dyeing fastness of natural dyes on silk fabrics the optical behavior of tannin solution, the optimal condition of tannin treatment and the changes of the physical structure of silk fabrics were studied in the treatment of tannin. Results obtained were as follows ; 1 The K/S values of tannin-treated silk fabrics were not changed by tannin content on silk fabrics but yellowing of tannin in treatment condition. 2. As the concentration of tannin was increased in its treating condition, the tannin content and K/S vague of tannin-treated silk fabrics were increased. 3. Because tannin gave rise to yellowing by hydrolysis and oxidation at high temperature, the higher tannin-treating temperature was, the lower the tannin content and K/S values of silk fabrics 4. The tannin content of silk fabric was higher in acidic treating condition and the highest K/S value was showed at pH 5. 5. As the tannin content of silk fabric was increased, the value of $\xi$ -potential of it became negative. 6. As the tannin content of silk fabric was increased, the crystallinity and crystallite size of it were decreased. This meant that the fraction of amorphous region in the fibers increased. And the degree of orientation of it was decreased with the tannin treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.423-434
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• 2020

The effects of amino acid and/or urea liquid fertilizer application on the growth and phytochemicals of Perilla leaves were summarized as follows; The fresh weight of the perilla leaves was in the order of CF, CL, KLF, and control, and 39.7 g, 37.4 g, 36.5 g and 32.3 g were measured. The plant height increased by 71.6 cm in the CF treatment than in the control(54.6 cm). The number of nodes was 14.3 node in CF treatment and 19% more than control(12 node). The vitamin C content tends to be increased by fertilizing the amino acid solution in the perilla leaf. The components of polyvalent unsaturation of n-6 origin were measured in CF treatment, KLF treatment, and control in 10.19 mg, 10.18 mg, and 9.38 mg per 100 g, respectively. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, arginine, alanine and lysin were contained in perilla leaf amino acid. Glutaminic acid content was found to be 455.1 mg, 495.6 mg, and 478.8 mg in the control, KLF and CF treatment per 100 g, respectively. Effective nutrition management using amino acid fertilizer optimizes crop yield and profitability, it is important to reduce the negative environmental risks of using fertilizer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.354-357
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• 1999

Hypothyroidism was induced in three age groups (8 months, 1 year and 2 years) of Black Bengal goats by administering thiourea subcutaneously for 30 days. From fourth day onwards the animals were observed to be in hypothyroid state. For 8 months age group, a control group of similar age was taken. For the 1 year and 2 years age groups there was no control group but the values obtained on the pre-treatment day were considered as control values. For confirming the establishment of hypothyroidism, peripheral plasma triiodothyronine $(T_3)$ and thyroxine $(T_4)$ were estimated in all the animals before and during the treatment period by radioimunoassay. In the thiourea treated 8 months age group the $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those in the control group during the treatment period. In all the thiourea treated groups the $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels observed during the treatment period were significantly (p<0.01) lower than the pre-treatment levels. A nonsignificant loss in the body weight was observed in all the thiourea treated groups whereas there was a significant growth in the control group of animals. The study indicates that hypothyroidism has a negative effect on growth in goats.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2015

Odontoma is the most common odontogenic benign tumor, and the treatment of choice is generally surgical removal. After excision, bone grafts may be necessary depending on the need for further treatment, or the size and location of the odontoma. Although the osteogenic capacity of a demineralized tooth was verified as early as 1967 by Urist and many other investigators, the cumbersome procedure, including a long demineralization time, may be less than comfortable for clinicians. A modified ultrasonic technology, with periodic negative pressure and temperature control, facilitated rapid and aseptic preparation of demineralized teeth for bone grafts. This approach reduces the demineralization time dramatically (${\leq}80$ minutes), so that the graft material can be prepared chairside on the same day as the extraction. The purpose of this article is to describe two cases of large compound odonotomas used as graft material prepared chairside for enucleation-induced bony defects. These two clinical cases showed favorable wound healing without complications, and good bony support for future dental implants or orthodontic treatment. Finally, this report will suggest the possibility of recycling the benign pathologic hard tissue as an alternative treatment option for conventional bone grafts in clinics.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

With increased interests in environmental issues, people are looking for new materials that serve special and bio-activated functions. One of interesting materials is charcoal which has excellent adsorption ability for harmful volatile organic compounds, fireproof performance, far-infrared ray emission, and electromagnetic shielding. Since non-crack carbonized board was developed from wood-based composite materials, carbonization method might be applied to woodcraft products such as wood cup and bamboo. In this study, manufacture of wood charcoal bowl was conducted with carbonization method developed in 2009 in order to activate wood products market. Ash tree(Fraxinus rhynchophylla) cup was carbonized at $600^{\circ}C$ with two pretreatments which were phenol resin and wood tar solution treatment. After carbonization of ash tree cup, non-crack charcoal cup were successfully manufactured. Phenol resin treatment affected on charcoal cup manufacturing both positively and negatively. For a positive way, it prevented shrinkage. For a negative way, it decreased water repellency. On the contrary, wood tar treatment accelerated shrinkage a bit and increased water repellency. Based on the results, wood tar can be used as pre-treatment solution for reducing post-treatment costs. We confirmed woodcraft products can be carbonized without deformation, so carbonization may provide a high value-added products from wood.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.325-329
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• 2003

Effects of thermal treatment on the structural properties of diamond-like carbon (DU) films were examined. The DLC films were deposited by using a modified filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) deposition system and by varying the negative substrate bias voltage, deposition time, and nitrogen flow rate. Thermal treatment on DLC films was performed using a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process at $600^{\circ}C$ for 2min. Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and surface profiler were used to characterize the I$_{D}$I$_{G}$ intensity ratio, sp$^3$ hybrid carbon fraction, internal stress, and surface roughness. It was found for all the deposited DLC films that the RTA-treatment results in the release of internal compressive stress, while at the same time it leds to the decrease of sp$^3$ fraction and the increase of I$_{D}$I$_{G}$ intensity ratio. It was also suggested that the thermal treatment effect on the structural property of DLC films strongly depends on the diamond-like nature (i.e., sp$^3$ fraction) of as-deposited film.ed film.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Radiotherapy (RT) has been used for decades as one of the main treatment modalities for cancer patients. The therapeutic effect of RT has been primarily ascribed to DNA damage leading to tumor cell death. Besides direct tumoricidal effect, RT affects antitumor responses through immune-mediated mechanism, which provides a rationale for combining RT and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Thus far, for the combined treatment with RT, numerous studies have focused on the immune checkpoint inhibitors and have shown promising results. However, treatment resistance is still common, and one of the main resistance mechanisms is thought to be due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment where myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role. MDSCs are immature myeloid cells with a strong immunosuppressive activity. MDSC frequency is correlated with tumor progression, recurrence, negative clinical outcome, and reduced efficacy of immunotherapy. Therefore, increasing efforts to target MDSCs have been made to overcome the resistance in cancer treatments. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in RT and highlight growing evidence for targeting MDSCs in combination with RT to improve cancer treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.262-270
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the healing rate of non-surgical endodontic treatment between C-shaped and non-C-shaped mandibular second molars. Materials and Methods: Clinical records and radiological images of patients who had undergone endodontic treatment on mandibular second molars between 2007 and 2014 were screened. The periapical index scoring system was applied to compare healing outcomes. Information about preoperative and postoperative factors as well as the demographic data of the patients was acquired and evaluated using chi-square and multinomial logistic regression tests. Results: The total healing rate was 68.4%. Healing rates for the mandibular second molar were 70.9% in C-shaped canals (n = 79) and 66.6% in non-C-shaped ones (n = 117). The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The presence of a C-shaped canal in the mandibular second molar did not have a significantly negative effect on healing after treatment. Instead, proper pulpal diagnosis and final restoration were indicated as having significantly greater influence on the healing outcomes of C-shaped and non-C-shaped canals, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.158-167
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• 2014

Objectives : The results from randomized controlled trials on traditional medicine have been negative or ambiguous. The appropriateness of the research methodology started to be questioned. However, the research methodology appropriate for studying traditional medicine has not been well-established. This study aims to explore the appropriate research methodologies for clinical studies on acupuncture. Methods : Clinical researches evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture for back pain were systematically searched and evaluated focusing on research methodology. The acupuncture treatment protocol is evaluated by 9 items which is individual treatment based on diagnosis, combining proximal and distal acupoints, exact location of acupoint, De Qi, adequate stimulation, duration of acupuncture, treatment sessions, treatment interval, and establishing relationship between patients and doctors. Results : Systematic review of acupuncture researches on low back pain suggested that observational studies and pragmatic trials rather than explanatory studies could incorporate these elements. Qualitative studies also could help understanding complex characteristics of acupuncture treatment which could not be evaluated by quantitative studies. Conclusions : In designing clinical researches on acupuncture, various study designs, especially observational study and pragmatic study, should be considered according to research objectives and subjects. The efforts to incorporate the core characteristics of acupuncture practiced in everyday clinical setting are also essential.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 1997

This study was carried out to understand the effect of low temperature treatment and seedling size on growth and bolting in Angeljca gjgas. Bolting rate increased as period of low temperature increased and bolting rate of control was lower than that of low temperature treatment. In low temperature treatment with seedling size, the smaller seedling size, the higher bolting rate. Period from transplanting to bolting was reduced with low temperature treatment extended and large seedling. The plant height, position of bolting leaf and number of developing leaf were decreased with low temperature treatment extended and large seedling, respectively, There was a highly significant negative correlation between bolting rate and number of developed leaves before bolting and number of developed leaves in growth to first bolting but positive correlation in late growth, respectively.