• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2002

The rebuilding method for old apartment housing blocks has merits of providing new buildings and larger private living spaces. However, it causes many serious urban problems, such as shortage of infrastructure capacity, traffic congestion, reduction of building life, and deterioration of open space quality. Nowadays, remodeling is accepted as a way of overcoming such negative effects of the rebuilding method. This study focuses on the various techniques of remodeling. The results of this research are as follows; First, old apartment blocks provide poor level of service in general, so they have problems of bad accessibility, deterioration of facilities, and degraded landscape. In many cases, there is a hindrance from walking freely and security problem due to illegal privatization of public spaces. Second, various remodeling techniques are required to meet residents' different needs. The residents of apartment housing value private space above public space, and show low level of willingness to pay cost for remodeling. Third, based on these findings, some remodeling techniques are suggested - integration of a space to another, expansion of spaces, connection of spaces, reuses of roofs and walls, relocation and renovation of paths between buildings, and so on.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2010

As an observation instrument of the longest record of tropospheric water vapor, radiosonde data provide upper-air pressure (geopotential height), temperature, humidity and wind. However, the data have some well-known elements related to inaccuracy. In this article, radiosonde precipitable water vapor (PWV) at Sokcho observatory was compared with global positioning system (GPS) PWV during each summertime of year 2007 and 2008 and the biases were calculated. As a result, the mean bias showed negative values regardless of the rainfall occurrence. In addition, on the basis of GPS PWV, the maximum root mean square error (RMSE) was 5.67 mm over the radiosonde PWV.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.399-415
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• 2017

Given a topological space X and a non-negative integer k, we study the self-homotopy equivalences of X that do not change maps from X to n-sphere $S^n$ homotopically by the composition for all $n{\geq}k$. We denote by ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ the set of all homotopy classes of such self-homotopy equivalences. This set is a dual concept of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$, which has been studied by several authors. We prove that if X is a finite CW complex, there are at most a finite number of distinguishing homotopy classes ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$, whereas ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ may not be finite. Moreover, we obtain concrete computations of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ to show that the cardinal of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ is finite when X is either a Moore space or co-Moore space by using the self-closeness numbers.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2000

When a deployed probe is biased by a high positive potential during a space experiment, the payload is induced to a negative voltage in order to balance the total current in the whole system. The return currents are due to the responding ions and secondary electrons on the payload surface. In order to understand the current collection mechanism, the process was simulated with a combination of resistor, inductor, and capacitor in SPICE program which was equivalent to the background plasma sheath. The simulation results were compared with experimental results from SPEAR-3 (Space Power Experiment Aboard Rocket-3). The return current curve in the simulation was compatible to the experimental result, and the simulation helped to predict the transient plasma response to a high voltage during the plasma sheath formation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

한국의 도시화는 압축근대, 산업화의 신화를 바탕으로 국가주도로 매우 급속하게 이루어졌다. 이러한 공간적 팽창과 도시로의 유입인구 증가는 단순히 지리적 공간 확대만의 상징만이 아니라 사회 상부구조 구축의 영역까지도 상징한다. 본고는 영화 <살인의 추억>과 <극장전>을 중심으로 1980년대 농촌과 도시혼성 형태의 공간과 2005년 서울 도심 공간의 함의 변화를 통해 현대화 과정에서의 억압과 공포, 그리고 포스트모던 사회로의 급격한 이행을 겪고 있는 한국사회 도시 공간의 이데올로기적 변화를 확인하다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

One of the main cases of the desertification impact is the negative contribution of human activities that worsen environment. There are historical facts of inability and excessive activities which destroyed the civilizations. The basic difference is only in the tempo and scales of civilization collapse. Human pressure was accumulated within the centuries and millennia due to the extremely active economic activities. But today it covers only the decades. Presently the process of desertification has a global scale. There are huge factors of Earth aridization as an increase of the quantity of C02 and atmospheric dust and bloom. This process related not only to the arid areas. Obviously a comprehensive approach of development of territories, particularly arid areas is very important. The use of the satellite information and technologies of remote sensing data processing can take a significant place for decision-makers for calculation and estimation of the environment impacts.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Space dominates all the art activities human do and plays a role of providing aesthetic emotion. Architecture, sculpture, painting, and furniture, etc. these two and three dimensional works are represented in space and interpreted the role of its form, structure and function. Each area is different, but space has been studied in philosophy, physics, geometry, and mathematical studies, etc. and has been consistently interpreted and represented relating to a variety of human creative activity. Furniture is also three dimensional art being dependent on space. In the United States in 2004, I made the living room bench by applying the spatial concept at Rochester Institute of Technology. Two years later, this design was adopted by wendell Castle Collection, an American furniture company, then prototype were made and tested three times during a year, and then since 2007 as indoor benches it has been manufactured in the United States. The study's purpose is to order the process of its development based on the experience of bench production applied the spatial concept, and by analyzing the properties of spatial concept, I am planning to propose a new concept on interaction with the space and furniture for next.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2007

In this paper, we prove that if the structure Jacobi operator $R_{\xi}-parallel\;and\;R_{\xi}$ commutes with the Ricci tensor S, then a real hypersurface with non-negative scalar curvature of a nonflat complex space form $M_{n}(C)$ is a Hopf hypersurface. Further, we characterize such Hopf hypersurface in $M_{n}(C)$.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.196-207
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• 1994

소위 O'Connell효과라고 하는 비대칭 광도곡선을 갖는 27개의 W UMa형 식쌍성들을 수집하고 광도곡선 형태에 다라 12개의 +형과 15개의 -형으로 분류하였다. 이렇게 분류된 별들을 관측된 물리량 사이의 상대적인 상관관계와 진화상태를 조사하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2008

이 연구에서는 고위도 하부 열권 역학을 좌우하는 물리적 과정을 이해하기 위하여, 상이한 행성간 자기장(Interplanetary Magnetic Field, IMF)에 따른 남반구 고위도 하부 열권에서의 소용돌이도(vorticity)와 발산(divergence)을 분석하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 미국립대기연구소(National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR)의 열권-이온권 전기역학적 대순환 모델(Thermo sphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model, TIEGCM)을 이용하였다. 소용돌이도와 발산 분석은 전체 수평 바람장을 최종적으로 결정하는 운동량원(momentum source)을 밝히는데 도움을 주는 근원적인 흐름을 파악할 수 있게 해주며, 운동량원들의 상대적인 강도를 분석해내는데 좋은 도구가 된다. 고위도 하부 열권의 평균 바람장은 태양 복사와 쥴가열에 의해 유발되는 발산운동 보다는 이온대류에 의해 유발되는 회전운동에 의해 주로 지배된다는 것이 확인되었다. $IMF{\neq}0$와 IMF=0인 경우의 고위도 열권 하부에서의 소용돌이도 차이(difference vorticity)가 모든 IMF 조건에서 발산장 차이(difference divergence)에 비해 훨씬 더 크게 나타났다. 이는 IMF가 발산적인 흐름보다 회전적인 흐름에 더 강하게 영향을 끼치며, 나아가 IMF가 발산운동을 유발하는 에너지 유입보다는 회전운동을 유발하는 운동량 유입에 더 강하게 영향을 끼침을 의미한다. IMF의 방향에 따라 고위도 하부 열권에서의 소용돌이도 차이의 양상이 매우 달랐다 $B_y$가 음일 때는 지자기 위도 $-70^{\circ}$ 이상의 고위도에서 극을 중심으로 양의 소용돌이도 차이가 나타나고 $B_y$가 양일 때는 음의 소용돌이도 차이가 나타났다. $B_z$가 음인 경우 소용돌이도 차이가 저녁 영역에는 양이고 새벽 영역에는 음이며, $B_z$가 양인 경우에는 반대의 분포를 보였다. $B_z$가 음일 때가 양일 때보다 소용돌이도 차이가 더 큰 것으로 확인되었는데, 이는 IMF $B_z$가 남쪽으로 향할 때가 북쪽으로 향할 때보다 고위도 이온권의 이온대류를 더 강화시켜 열권 중성대기의 회전적인 흐름을 더 강하게 유발시킴을 의미한다.