• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

Purpose - Prior theories expect a lower marginal value of cash for weak governance firms. To test this hypothesis, we examine the relationship between corporate governance structures and marginal cash values in Korean retail firms. Research design, data, and methodology - We estimate marginal cash values based on the model of Faulkender & Wang (2006). The retail firms listed in Korean Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2013 are analyzed. Corporate governance scores are provided by Korean Corporate Governance Services. Results - We show a higher marginal value of cash for the weak governance retail firms in terms of total governance score. Our analysis on a detailed set of governance scores generally confirms this tendency. Yet, a higher marginal cash value is obtained for the firms with better board structures and dividend policies. Conclusions - Our findings argue against the agency view of cash policy predicting a negative relationship between corporate governance scores and marginal cash values. A low marginal value of cash, widely observed in the sample firms, also supports severe resource diversion problem in Korean corporations.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.723-728
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• 2003

The sensory characteristics of cream soup containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100％ rice flour were investigated in order to develop a new processed food using rice. The Hunter L(lightness) value increased with the amount of rice flour, while the a(redness) value and b(yellowness) value decreased, significantly. The viscosity of rice cream soup significantly decreased with the increasing amount of rice flour. Based on the sensory evaluation, the cream soup samples with larger rice flour component showed a higher clean taste score, while those with the least rice flour resulted in higher darkness, viscosity, greasy taste, md softness. The overall acceptance was the highest in the cream soup with 75％ and 100％ rice flour. In terms of the color and viscosity, good correlations were observed between the sensory evaluation and the objective analysis. The overall acceptance showed a significant positive correlation with a clean taste, while there was a negative correlation with a greasy taste and the viscosity measured by a viscometer.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.416-424
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• 2005

목 적 : 가와사끼병 환아의 특성과 관상동맥 이상, IVIG에 대한 비반응 및 병의 재발 등에 대해 관련된 인자를 찾아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1990년 9월부터 2003년 12월까지 본원에 내원, 가와사끼 병으로 진단받고 IVIG을 투여한 1,000명을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 내원시 관상동맥 확장군과 관상동맥 정상군을 비교하였고 IVIG 1회 투여에 대한 반응군과 비반응군 및 재발군과 비재발군의 비교도 시행하여 두 군간에 의미있는 요인을 찾아보려고 하였으며 재발된 환아를 대상으로 처음 발병시와 두번째 발병시의 각종 자료를 분석하였고 두 군간에 관상동맥 이상이 생기는 정도도 비교해 보았다. 또한 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간과 상관비례하는 인자를 알아보려 하였다. 결 과 : 1) 관상동맥 확장은 16%에서 관찰되었으며 중등도 이상(${\geq}5mm$)의 관상동맥 확장 및 중증(${\geq}8mm$) 관상동맥 확장의 빈도는 각각 2%와 0.5%로 나타났다. 또한 입원당시 관상동맥 이상의 빈도는 1년간 추적관찰 했을 때와도 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 2) 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간이 길수록(7일 이상), 첫 IVIG 투여 종료 후부터 최종적으로 열이 소실될 때까지의 기간이 길수록, 남아일수록, 내원 당시 검사상 Hgb(10 g/dL이하), Hct(30% 이하)수치가 낮을수록, WBC 수치($12,000/mm^3$ 이상)및 과립구 분율이 높을수록, CRP 값이 높을수록(10 mg/dL 이상), Harada's score가 높을수록(4점 이상) 관상동맥 이상군과 관련이 있었다. 3) IVIG 한번 투여에 반응이 없었던 경우는 8%였으며 내원당시 검사수치상 WBC 수치가 높을수록($12,000/mm^3$ 이상), 과립구 분율이 높을수록, CRP 수치가 높을수록(10 mg/dL 이상), SGPT가 높을수록, Harada's score가 높을수록(4점 이상), 농뇨를 보일수록 1회의 IVIG 투여에 반응이 없었다. IVIG을 두 번이상 투여한 군에서는 한번 투여에 반응이 있었던 군보다 향후 재발율이 더 높았다. 또한 중증도 이상의 관상동맥 확장의 경우는 두 번 이상 투여하게 된 군에서 의미있게 높았다. 4) 재발은 6%에서 나타났고 재발을 예측할 수 있는 지표는 없었으며 재발한 환아들에서 관상동맥 이상의 빈도 또한 별 차이가 없었다. 5) 재발된 환아들의 처음 발병시와 두 번째 발병시의 비교에서, 두 번째 발병시에 WBC 수치와 CRP 값은 첫 번째 발병시 보다 낮았고 첫 IVIG 투여 전까지의 발열기간도 낮았으나 두 군간에 관상동맥 이상이 생기는 정도에는 차이가 없었다. 6) 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간과의 상관 인자 조사에서는, WBC 수치와 CRP 값, Harada's score의 경우 양의 상관관계를 보였고 Hgb의 경우 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 내원 당시 높은 WBC 수치와 CRP 값 및 Harada'score는 관상동맥 병변 발생 및 IVIG 투여에 대한 비반응과 관련이 있으며 또한 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간과도 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 되도록이면 조기에 발견하여 IVIG을 투여하는 것이 비록 비반응률을 낮추지는 못하더라도 관상동맥 병변 발생의 위험률은 낮출 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 IVIG 비반응군에서는 차후 재발률이 더 높았으며 중등도 이상의 관상동맥 확장이 더 많이 발견되었으므로 이들을 대상으로 한 집중적인 치료와 관리가 도입될 필요가 있다. 재발을 예측할 수 있는 기타 지표는 찾아볼 수 없었으며 따라서 보호자의 교육을 통한 조기 발견 및 치료에 지속적으로 노력을 기울여야 할 것이고 재발한 환아들에서 관상동맥 이상의 빈도가 증가하지 않은 점은 현재 이루어지고 있는 이러한 노력의 성과로 여겨진다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.611-621
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• 2011

This study aims to find out an effect of 3 types of environment worksheets used for 5th elementary graders's environmental class on their environmental perceptions and behavior. 104 of 5th graders in M elementary school in Ulsan Metropolitan City were selected and divided into A group(35), B group(34) and C group(35) for this study, and to A group, a class used worksheet of the photo taken clean, unpolluted environment, and to B group, a class used worksheet of the photo taken polluted environment and to C group, a class used worksheet of only text without photo were carried out. The worksheet used class was conducted 5 times, and then after the classes, the student's change in environmental perceptions and behavior by group was put into verification Below are the study results. First, the worksheets used for the environment class have incurred significant differences in student's environmental perceptions by their types. A. B groups were higher than C group in their post-test environmental perceptions score, a statistically significant differences. Meanwhile, statistically insignificant differences appeared in environmental perceptions score between A and B groups. Second, the type of worksheet used for environment class represented considerable differences in he students' environmental behavior. A group was higher than B. C groups in post test environment behavior score, the difference of which was statistically significant. While statistically insignificant difference represented in environmental behavior between B, C groups. Third, the both types of worksheets of the photo of positive environment and that of negative environment appeared to be effective statistically in changing the elementary students' environmental behavior, while the worksheets of the photo of positive environment appeared to be effective statistically in their environmental behavior.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

Objectives More than half of the elders suffer from chronic sleep disturbances. Moreover, sleep disturbances are more prevalent in patients with depressive disorder than in community dwelling elderly. In this study, we aim to estimate the risk factors of poor sleep quality and its effect on quality of life in patients with late life depression. Methods This study included 159 depressive patients aged 65 years or older who completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A global PSQI score of 5 or greater indicates a poor sleeper. Structural diagnostic interviews were performed using the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Depression was evaluated by the Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Global cognition was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease assessment packet. Quality of life was evaluated by the Korean version of Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). Results The frequencies of poor sleepers were 90.5% in major depressive disorder, 71.8% in minor depressive disorder, 47.1% in subsyndromal depressive disorder, and 73.0% in all types of depressive disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female [odds ratio (OR) = 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-6.67] and higher KGDS score (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05-1.21) were risk factors of poor sleep quality in patients with late life depression. In the analysis of ANCOVA adjusted for age, gender, education and KGDS score, the mean scores of vitality mental health and mental component summary of SF-36 were lower in poor sleepers than in good sleepers. Conclusions Poor sleepers among patients with late life depression are very common and are associated with female and higher KGDS scores. Poor sleep quality causes a significant negative effect on mental health quality. So researchers and clinicians should be more vigilant in the evaluation and treatment of sleep disturbances in patients with late life depression.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2011

This study was intended to investigate dietary behavior, health related behavior and the effects of nutrient intake of female college students. Dietary behavior, health related behavior and the perception of the body conditions were surveyed with anonymous questionnaires, and 24hrs recall method for nutrient intake was obtained from 161 female college students in Chungbuk area. The mean height and weight of the subjects were $161.4{\pm}5.0$cm and $53.8{\pm}7.4 $kg, respectively. The dietary behavior of female college students was generally inadequate. More specifically, irregularity of meals, indifference of dietary balance, and skipping breakfast, showing $4.77{\pm}2.20$for dietary behavior score, $11.76{\pm}3.89$ for DVS and $3.58{\pm}0.82$ for DDS, respectively. It was found that almost 63% of subjects did not anything for health care and the frequency of exercise of subjects was low. The perception of body conditions of the subjects seemed to be generally positive. However, satisfaction levels on body shape was very negative showing that only 12.4% of subjects answered as 'very satisfied' and 'satisfied'. When nutrient intake of the female college students was compared with Dietary Reference Intake for Korean, folate(45%), potassium(55%), vitamin C(59%), Ca(72%), fiber(72%), Fe(79%) and energy(80%) were found to be insufficient. But protein(138%), P(122%) and Na(179%) were found to be oversupplied. The nutrient intake of fiber, plant Ca, vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate and vitamin E were significantly higher, and those of Fe, Zn and protein were a little high in the high score group of dietary behavior. Also Food group intake, DDS and DVS were higher in the high score group of dietary behavior.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the associations of childhood trauma with psychopathology and clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : This study enrolled 66 inpatients with schizophrenia. Korean Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (K-CTQ) and Life Event Questionnaire (LEQ) were administered to assess childhood trauma. Psychopatholgy and clinical characteristics were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Korean Version of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (K-ISMI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and visual analogue scale of EuroQoL-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D). Results : Total scores on K-CTQ were positively associated with scores on the BDI, K-ISMI, PSS, and PANSS and negatively associated with the score on the EQ-5D. Among subscales of K-CTQ, emotional abuse was significantly associated with all measures for psychopathology and clinical characteristics. Patients with physical abuse (36.5%), emotional abuse (30.2%), or bullying (30.6%) according to the LEQ showed sighificanlty higher the ISMI score and lower EQ-5D score. Emotional abuse and bullying were also significantly associated with higher scores on BDI and/or PSS. Conclusion : Our results suggest that childhood trauma negatively influences on internalized stigma, depression, perceived stress and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Clinicians should carefully evalute and manage childhood traumatic experience of patients with schizophrenia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Eating out has been reported to have negative effects on nutritional status. However, eating out can include meals prepared at home and eaten outside. Conversely, meals eaten at home can be brought from outside, as take-out and home deliveries have become common in Korea. Thus, we tested whether or not meal preparation location influences daily diet quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2009, 4,915 Korean adults (20-64 years) were classified into two groups: home-made meal group (HMG), who ate ${\geq}2$ meals per day prepared at home (n = 4,146), and non-home-made meal group (NHMG), who ate ${\geq}2$ meals per day prepared outside home (n = 769). Daily diet quality was determined by energy intake, nutrient intake, Dietary Variety Score (DVS), and Diet Diversity Score (DDS). RESULTS: Compared to the HMG, the NHMG was more likely to consist of men, single, employed, educated and of a higher economic status (all, P < 0.01). The NHMG showed higher energy intakes (1,776 vs. 2,116 kcal/day) with higher percentages of energy from protein (15 vs. 23%) and fat (14 vs. 16%) and lower intakes of dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium, niacin, and vitamin C (all, P < 0.01) than the HMG, with some variations among age groups. The NHMG tended to consume foods prepared by frying and grilling and had more one-dish meals such as bibimbap, noodles, and dumplings but also showed higher dietary diversity. CONCLUSIONS: It should be noted that home-made meals do not necessarily guarantee a healthy diet, and the effects of meal preparation location on nutritional status might vary depending on socio-demographic characteristics.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2005

The study to identify the relationship among stress associated with clinical experience, coping strategies and self-esteem in nursing students and to provide basic information which is useful for nursing students' learning experience in clinical setting were surveyed using self-reported questionnaires. The findings were summarized : 1. Senior students showed a higher level of stress than junior students. A higher stress level was observed in the unsatisfied group, compared with the neutral group. By class and clinical schedule, students who followed the 3-week class and 3-week clinical schedule showed a higher level of stress than those who followed the 8-week class and 8-week clinical schedule. 2. Senior students had a higher mean coping strategy score than junior students. And the satisfied group showed higher self-esteem, compared with the neutral and unsatisfied group. 3. There was a positive correlation between stress associated with clinical learning experience and coping strategies. But a negative correlation was seen between stress and self-esteem in nursing students. 4. Nursing students used more coping mechanisms as their stress levels increased but showed low self-esteem. The results suggest the need for developing more effective teaching methods and strategies that could improve students' ability to solve problems and sustain their self-esteem even under a stressful circumstance.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2024

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between rehabilitation treatment, mental state and resilience of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation by examining the correlation between The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) and the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC). Methods: All 104 participants (44 diagnosed with stroke who were receiving rehabilitation and 60 without stroke or psychiatric history) completed the CSEI-s, K-CD-RISC, and Questionnaire for stroke symptoms. All data were analyzed using by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 27.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: As a result of the CSEI-s, compared to the control group, the stroke group showed significantly lower Joy (喜) scores and significantly higher scores for Depression (憂) and Sorrow (悲). With a morbidity period of 12 months or less, the Thought (思) score was significantly higher. The Fear (恐) score was significantly higher when the rehabilitation was initiation more than 4~8 weeks after than that when the treatment was started immediately. Meanwhile, the K-CD-RISC score was significantly higher when rehabilitation was started immediately. In the stroke group, the K-CD-RISC score was positively correlated with Joy (喜) but negatively correlated with Depression (憂) and Fear (恐). In the control group, K-CD-RSIC showed a positive correlation with Joy (喜) but negative correlations with Depression (憂), Sorrow (悲), and Fear (恐). Conclusions: In addition to early rehabilitation treatment, mental approach through Korean medicine psychotherapy is crucial for enhancing the resilience of stroke patients.