• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2021

Background: Studies suggest that induced emotional changes can affect the sensory-motor system involved in the practice of muscle activity and movement in physical aspects. Previous studies have shown focused on effects just feedback on muscle activity associated with emotions but rarely have focused induced emotional change on gross motor function such as muscle activity. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare biceps activity and emotion that before and after viewing a video was induced positive or negative emotion. Methods: The study enrolled 34 healthy male and female who scored at normal points on the Center for Epidermiological Studies-Depression Scale. The study measured over two weeks, showing subjects pleasant and sad videos one by one in a week. We performed to measure the biceps brachii activity which is maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and the visual analog mood scale (VAMS) scores before and after one week. The significance level was set to α = 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in muscle activity of the biceps brachii before and after each video was viewed (p > 0.05). However, the visual analogue mood scale showed an increase in VAMS after viewing each video (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We figured out induced emotional changes are cause actual emotional changes but there are no differences in muscle activity. In this research, watching the video with a short time looks like insufficient to change muscle activity. Nevertheless, there might be different when we check various muscles with sufficient time for viewing the video. Further study is needed to measure a variety of muscles with more time for viewing the video.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2019

Purpose - As the U.S.-China trade war has become considerably worse, the Chinese government is considering applying non-tariff barriers to trade, especially local contents rule. The main purpose of this research is to check whether it is suitable for Korean investors to invest in the current Chinese capital market. Design/methodology - In order to check the stability of the recent Chinese capital market, we investigated the behavior of foreign equity investment (including Korean equity investment) in the Chinese capital market after China announced the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect (SH-HK Connect). In this paper, we researched whether international portfolio investment would or would not contribute to an increase the volatility of an emerging market's stock market (Chinese capital market) when foreign investors make investment decisions based on the objective of short-term gains by rushing into countries whose markets are booming and fleeing from countries whose markets are falling. Findings - The empirical results indicate that foreign investors show strong, negative feedback trading behavior with regard to the stock index of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), and when the performance of foreign investors in the Chinese stock market was fairly good. Also, we found evidence that the behavior of foreign investors significantly decreased volatility in SSE stock returns. Consequently, the SH-HK Connect brought on a win-win effect for both the Chinese capital market and foreign investors. Originality/value - It appeared that the Chinese capital market was very suitable for Korean investors after the China's declaration of the SH-HK Connect. However, the win-win effect was brought on by the Chinese government's aggressive capital control but the capital controls could possibly cause financial turmoil in the Chinese capital market. Therefore, Chinese reform in industrial structure and the financial sector should keep pace with suitable capital control policies.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2023

This paper introduces the improved and expanded contents of the previous research that implemented a system that guides the visually impaired using the vibration of a smart watch. In the previous study, we proposed an algorithm that recommends the most safe route based on calculating negative and positive values for the topography of the route and the features installed on the route. In addition, by designing several vibration patterns, a system that guides the user through vibration was proposed and implemented. In this paper, the user's personal preferences are reflected in the algorithm that recommends the safe route first. In addition, an automatic feedback function was added to the algorithm so that the user's satisfaction evaluation on the recommended route was immediately reflected. A history simulation function was added so that the past route could be reviewed, and the compass of a smart watch was used to help visually impaired people find directions at junctions.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.96-105
• /
• 2022

The ovary undergoes substantial physiological changes along with estrus phase to mediate negative/positive feedback to the upstream reproductive tissues and to play a role in producing a fertilizable oocyte in the developing follicles. However, the disorder of estrus cycle in female can lead to diseases, such as cystic ovary which is directly associated with decline of overall reproductive performance. In gene expression studies of ovaries, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay has been widely applied. During this assay, although normalization of target genes against reference genes (RGs) has been indispensably conducted, the expression of RGs is also variable in each experimental condition which can result in false conclusion. Because the understanding for stable RG in porcine ovaries was still limited, we attempted to assess the stability of RGs from the pool of ten commonly used RGs (18S, B2M, PPIA, RPL4, SDHA, ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, YWHAZ, and TBP) in the porcine ovaries under different estrus phase (follicular and luteal phase) and cystic condition, using stable RG-finding programs (geNorm, Normfinder, and BestKeeper). The significant (p < 0.01) differences in Ct values of RGs in the porcine ovaries under different conditions were identified. In assessing the stability of RGs, three programs comprehensively agreed that TBP and YWHAZ were suitable RGs to study porcine ovaries under different conditions but ACTB and GAPDH were inappropriate RGs in this experimental condition. We hope that these results contribute to plan the experiment design in the field of reproductive physiology in pigs as reference data.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.302-318
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the variables related to the organizational silence of Korean hospital nurses and to examine the effect sizes of correlations between the related variables and sub-types of organizational silence. Methods: Relevant studies were searched through a systematic search in six Korean electronic databases (RISS, ScienceON, KCI, DBpia, e-Article, and KISS) using June 2022 as the end date. Thirteen studies were identified through a systematic review and eight of them were meta-analyzed. The correlation effect size r (ESr) for each related variable was calculated. Results: Twenty-two related variables were identified from the systematic review. Of them, organizational culture was the most frequently examined. Seven variables (three organizational, two leader-member exchange, and two consequences of organizational silence) were found eligible for the meta-analysis. The intention of turnover (ESr=.39; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI=.32 to .45) and leader-member exchange ("manager's leaderships" ESr=-.33, 95% CI= -.43 to -.21; "manager's inclination to reject negative feedback" ESr=.32, 95% CI=.23 to .39) had larger correlation effect sizes than the other variables that related to organizational silence, in particular, acquiescent silence, which had the largest correlation effect size among the three sub-types of organizational silence. Conclusion: These findings show that the intention of turnover and leader-member exchanges were the main factors that related to the organizational silence. This indicates that it is necessary to develop management and education programs, as well as communication systems that focus on reducing and managing organizational silence, especially acquiescent silence.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.712-736
• /
• 2022

To understand the characteristics of low-level clouds (CLs), environmental variables are composited on each CL using individual surface observations and six-hourly upper-air meteorologies around the globe. Individual CLs has its own distinct environmental conditions. Over the eastern subtropical and western North Pacific Ocean in JJA, stratocumulus (CL5) has a colder sea surface temperature (SST), stronger and lower inversion, and more low-level cloud amount (LCA) than the climatology whereas cumulus (CL12) has the opposite characteristics. Over the eastern subtropical Pacific, CL5 and CL12 are influenced by cold and warm advection within the PBL, respectively but have similar cold advection over the western North Pacific. This indicates that the fundamental physical process distinguishing CL5 and CL12 is not the horizontal temperature advection but the interaction with the underlying sea surface, i.e., the deepening-decoupling of PBL and the positive feedback between shortwave radiation and SST. Over the western North Pacific during JJA, sky-obscuring fog (CL11), no low-level cloud (CL0), and fair weather stratus (CL6) are associated with anomalous warm advection, surface-based inversion, mean upward flow, and moist mid-troposphere with the strongest anomalies for CL11 followed by CL0. Over the western North Pacific during DJF, bad weather stratus (CL7) occurs in the warm front of the extratropical cyclone with anomalous upward flow while cumulonimbus (CL39) occurs on the rear side of the cold front with anomalous downward flow. Over the tropical oceans, CL7 has strong positive (negative) anomalies of temperature in the upper troposphere (PBL), relative humidity, and surface wind speed in association with the mesoscale convective system while CL12 has the opposite anomalies and CL39 is in between.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.16 no.1_spc
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2024

This study examines the changes in learners' positive/negative perceptions of classroom experience and actual utilisation of AI chatbots in response to the recent changes in education trends caused by generative AI. AI chatbots were utilised in web programming classes for six classes of engineering students over two semesters. The learners' experience and usage were analysed from the beginning of the semester through surveys until the submission of midterm and final examination reports. The study's results indicate that the chatbot enhanced learning by providing Q/A feedback and solving practical problems. Additionally, the perception of the chatbot improved from midterm to the end of the course. The study also drew meaningful conclusions about the issue of community disconnection (personalisation) in the classroom and how to use it as educational software. This research is significant for the development of generative AI-based software.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2024

In the post-pandemic era, the demand for online education platforms has surged, leading to increased consumer reliance on online reviews for decision-making. This study investigates the impact of Chinese online customer reviews on consumer purchase behavior in online education. By examining the role of trust, review sentiment, and the quantity and timeliness of reviews, the research aims to understand how these factors influence consumer decisions. By using regression model, findings reveal that negative reviews, timely feedback, and a higher volume of reviews positively affect consumer purchase decisions, while course pricing demonstrates an inverse relationship. Furthermore, cognitive and affective trust mediate the relationship between reviews and purchase behavior, highlighting a reverse U-shaped effect on consumer decision inclination. These insights provide valuable implications for online education providers, emphasizing the need to manage and leverage online reviews to foster consumer trust and improve sales performance.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.225-235
• /
• 1993

Pituitary LH release has been known to be regulated by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and the gonadal steroid hormones. In addition, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are actively involved in the control of LH secretion. The alteration in LH release might reflect changes in biosynthesis and/or posttranslational processing of LH. However, little is known about the mechanism by which biosynthesis of LH subunits is regulated, especially at the level of transcription. In order to investigate if ovarian steroid hormones regulate the LH subunit gene expression, ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}$ steady state mRNA levels were determined in anterior pituitaries of ovariectomized rats. Serum LH concentrations and pituitary LH concentrations were increased markedly with time after ovariectomy. ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels after ovariectomy were increased in a parallel manner with serum LH concentrations and pituitary LH contents, the rise in $LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels being more prominent than the rise in ${\alpha}\;subunit$ mRNA. ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels in ovariectomized rats were negatively regulated by the continuous treatment of ovarian steriod hormones for $1{\sim}4\;days$ and $LH{\beta}\;subunit$ mRNA seemed to be more sensitive to negative feedback of estradiol than progesterone. Treatment of estrogen antagonist, LY117018 or progesterone antagonist, RU486 significantly restroed LH subunit mRNA levels as well as LH release which were suppressed by estradiol or progesterone treatment. These results suggest that ovarian steroids negatively regulate the LH synthesis at the pretranslational level by modulating the steady state levels of ${\alpha}\;and\;LH{\beta}\;subunit$ mRNA and $LH{\beta}\;subunit$ mRNA seemed to be more sensitive to negative feedback action of estradiol than progesterone.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.94-103
• /
• 2004

Korean red ginseng is known to have anti-stress and memory enhancing effects. Recent studies suggested that stress-induced inhibition of adult neurogenesis in hippocampus may contribute, in part, to decreased negative feedback inhibition of HPA axis. In order to elucidate the mechanism of Korean red ginseng in anti-stress and memory enhancing effects, we observed the effects of repeated treatment of Korean red ginseng total saponin (GTS, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) in response to repeated unpredictable stress for 10 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (230 - 260 g) received with either GTS (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (1 ml/kg, i.p.) 1 h before stress for 10 days. Rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) 16-18 he after last stress procedure, and were sacrificed 2 hr later by perfusion. Immunohistochemistry of BrdU was done to measure proliferation of neural progenitor cells in hippocampus, which was used as an index of neurogenesis. Repeated GTS treatment for 10 days increased neurogenesis in subgranular zone area of dentate gyrus (SGZ), but not hilus, compared with vehicle-treated rats. Repeated unpredictable stress did not affect the neurogenesis compared with controls, while repeated GTS treatment increased neurogenesis in SGZ in repeated unpredictable stress-exposed group. BDNF mRNA was also measured in subregions of hippocampus by in situ hybridization. BDNF mRNA expression in CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cell layer was increased by repeated GTS treatment but not in dentate granule cell layer. Repeated unpredictable stresses significantly decreased BDNF mRNA expression in all subregions of hippocampus, but repeated GTS treatment did not prevent stress-induced BDNF mRNA downregulation. Given that repeated GTS treatment increased proliferation of neural progenitor cells in repeated unpredictable stress-exposed rats in the presence of decreased BDNF mRNA expression in dentate granule cell layer, it raise the possibility that BDNF may not playa significant role in GTS-mediated increase of neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. Also, these results suggest that repeated GTS treatment increased neurogenesis of SGZ and BDNF mRNA expression, which may account for memory enhancing effect of Korean red ginseng. In addition, repeated GTS treatment appears not to have anti-stress effects in terms of neurotrophin, but GTS-mediated increase of neurogenesis in hippocampus may contribute to increase negative feedback inhibition of HPA axis.