• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Cyber criminals have affected various markets and the banking system has encountered various kinds of cyberattacks. The purpose of this study is to analyze cybercrime that is an emerging threat and investigate the significant contribution of financial literacy and public awareness on cybercrimes. To understand the security issues and the need for corrective steps, the techniques and strategies used by cyber fraudsters in obtaining unauthorized access and use the financial information for purpose of fraud need to be understood. Research design, data and methodology: A sample of 123 banks employees from 12 commercial banks in Malaysia was surveyed. This study differs from previous studies as it surveyed the employees' awareness, and this approach fills in the gap in existing literature. Results: The financial literacy and public awareness have positive impact on organizational performance effectiveness to combat threat of cybercrime. Some recommendations are also proposed from research findings, for banking industry and government regulations. Conclusion: The present study focuses on banking sector so its findings cannot be generalized to other sectors. Linking these topics has created a new study in combating threat of cybercrimes generally, and specifically in Malaysia. The present study enhances the understanding of customers' role to combat the impact of cybercrimes on performances of banking industry.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.408-414
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To correct breast ptosis, reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy have been developed in a way that minimizes complications. Recently, as the mean age of breast cancer occurrence is decreasing, the need for breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer is rising. If mastopexy is performed with breast reconstruction at the same time, the size of the normal breast and the new one is not quite different. We decided to apply Z-plasty, which is a widely-used technique in plastic surgery to lengthen or change the direction of tension of the tissue. Methods: From March 2008 to December 2009, we performed breast reconstruction in 6 patients with breast cancer and scar contracture. After breast reconstruction, mastopexy with Z-plasty was applied to correct the asymmetry. The new nipple-areolar complex is placed on the line connecting the midclavicle and the current nipple. The inferior border of the new areola corresponds with the inferior border of the original areola, and the superior border about 2 cm upward the original superior border. We drew two oblique lines connecting the medial end of the incision line lower to the nipple-areola complex and the lateral end of the inframammary fold for Z-plasty. The excess tissue between these two lines was removed and the new triangular flaps were put together. Results: The average age of patients was 42.6 years, aged from 36.1 to 48.1 The weight of removed tissue was between 54g and 95 g, with the mean of 74 g. The average distance from the midclavicle to the nipple was 24 cm before surgery, and 21 cm after the surgery. The average operation time per patient (1 mastopexy) was 45 minutes, and the patients were satisfied with the size and shape. Conclusion: Applying Z-plasty for the mastopexy on the normal breast ptosis is a relatively simple way to achieve symmetry in patients who need breast reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2014

This study developed a KRESS program designed to find the optimization ratio for new and renewable energy systems and analyze the effects of building energy consumption characteristics on the ratio. In spite of clear differences in predicted energy consumption and energy consumption by the loads among 18 facilities, the current formula for obligatory supply ratios applies a correction coefficient according to the building purposes based on energy consumption per each unit area in medical facilities and thus reflects no energy consumption characteristics according to the building purposes. The optimization ratio for new and renewable energy systems was the same for all facilities when the correction coefficients by the building purposes and new and renewable energy sources were all applied. When the correction coefficients were not applied, however, the optimization ratio varied according to building energy consumption characteristics. The findings raise a need to test the correction coefficients in order to select new and renewable energy systems that take into account energy consumption characteristics by the building purposes and loads and reflect economy, environmental performance, and technology.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2002

Purpose: This phenomenological study is aimed at illuminating the lived experiences of newly-qualified nurses who working in general hospitals in C province. Method: The data was collected through unstructured, in-depth interviews with 10 new nurses from April to June 2001, and analysed by Colazzi' methodology. Results: Thematic content analysis identified 6 central themes in this experience-difficulties m making interpersonal relationship, negative feelings, fatigue and unskilled work performance, self-reflection, a sense of accomplishment, identity formation as a nurse. Also, this themes were constructed into 6 constructs explaining new nurses' experience. The results may contribute to a better understanding of what new nurses experienced and how their negative conflicts could be managed. Conclusion: New nurses need to get more education and supportive empowerment regarding diverse conflicts during training period. Educational programs like a preceptorship or individual counselling should be developed and adopted to all clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out that it can be provided as a basic data to increase the satisfaction with users in the placement and creation of the Green Buffer Zone. In this study, the research was started on the Green Buffer Zone in Gwanggyo new town, which was rebuilt as the zone to use according to the change of legal installation standard of the zone. The subject of this study is the Green Buffer Zone in Gwanggyo new town, which is expected to be completed in step 4 of 2016. As a result of analysing the location and use characteristics of the Green Buffer Zone, the following conclusions were made. First of all, it is categorized into two categories by Buffering / disaster prevention type and land to use adjustment type. Second, the buffer space of commercial space and housing is satisfying, but in commercial space, there is a need for a cushioning function and housing spaces require improvements in the functioning of the landscape. Third, the function of the Green Buffer Zone resets to cushioning function, disaster prevention function, landscape function, utilization function. and The installation criteria are proposed to environmental pollution, noise abatement, and planting trees, etc. Lastly, the future utilization plan considering the location and use characteristics of the Green Buffer Zone is as follows. In the planning stage, preference is given to the characteristics of use of arranging green facility. It is necessary to manage the planned facilities as much as possible by changing them if necessary. Construction stage, it restrictively reflects landscaping facilities within the Green Buffer Zone function. After stage, This study will prioritize the target areas and select necessary areas and need to make efforts to prevent indiscriminate greenery encroachment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2002

The integrated school has an expectation of the total education environment in which has some problems as regional, emotional, teaching treatment, establishment equipment part because of the based relative establishments are abolished. The expectations are the educating effective rising, the reduce of the responsibility of the teacher, a smooth teacher placing and saving the educating estimate. As the new education course propulsion is raising the school and students discretion and expanding the way of educating, being close to the course of studies, the integrated operation is earnestly needed and such as these versatile background the small schools will keep on getting integrated. So, in this paper I'll object the need and purpose of the integrate operation and show the integrated schools that are now in use. Investigate about actual condition of the integrated school, so after these research I've concluded these things below about the integrated school operating.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.102-115
• /
• 2019

This study investigated how elementary school teachers reconstruct science curriculum and how they perceive about their experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with four elementary school teachers who had experience in restructuring science curriculum. Two distinct types of reconstruction were found; restructuring within the subject and integrating between subjects. The teachers who were restructuring science curriculum from personal needs usually substitute, delete, add some contents or activities and change the order of unit within science subject. In contrast, the teachers who were participating in research school usually integrated science with other subjects, developing a new unit or project. The latter recognized the need of teachers' reconstruction of science curriculum more strongly and the importance of teacher's voluntary learning community in implementing the reconstruction. Though they had some difficulties in identifying students' interests and level of understanding and lack of time, all teachers valued curriculum reconstruction by relating it to teacher professional development, identity as a teacher, and job consciousness.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-36
• /
• 1999

The case of four classrooms analyzed in this study point to many commonalities in the challenges of reforming mathematics teaching in Korea and the U. S. In both national contexts we have seen the need fur a clear distinction between implementing new student-centered social practices in the classroom, and providing significant new loaming opportunities for students. In particular, there is an important need to distinguish between attending to the social practices of the classroom and attending to students conceptual development within those social practices. In both countries, teachers in the less successful student-centered classes tended to abdicate responsibility fur sense making to the students. They were more inclined to attend to the literal statements of their students without analyzing their conceptual understanding (Episodes KA5 and UP 2). This is easy to do when the rhetoric of reform emphasizes student-centered social practices without sufficient attention to psychological correlates of those social practices. The more successful teachers tended to monitor the understanding of the students and to take proactive measures to ensure the development of that understanding (Episodes KO5 and UN3). This suggests the usefulness of constructivism as a model (or successful student-centered instruction. As Simon(1995) observed, constructivist teachers envision a hypothetical learning trajectory that constitutes their plan and expectation for students learning from the particular if the trajectory is being followed. If not, the teacher adjusts or supplements the task to obtain a more satisfactory result, or reconsider her or his assumptions concerning the hypothetical learning trajectory. In this way, the teacher acts proactively to try to ensure that students are progressing in their understanding in particular ways. Thus the more successful student-centered teacher of this study can be seen as constructivist in their orientation to student conceptual development, in comparison to the less successful student-centered teachers. It is encumbant on the authors of reform in Korea and the U. S. to make sure that reform is not trivialized, or evaluated only on the surface of classroom practices. The commonalities of the two reform endeavores suggest that Korea and the U. S. have much to share with each other in the challenges of reforming mathematics teaching for the new millennium.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.274-276
• /
• 2005

Stability is an important constraint in powr system operation. A new methodology that reduces the need for repeated simulation to determine a transiently secure operating point is presented. at cntingency, critical generator is limited generation to prevent rotor accelation until system is secured. when energh margin is zero, generation is degermined Implementation issues and simulation results are discussed in th context of a 10-bus system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• summer
• /
• pp.245-247
• /
• 2004

Stability is an important constraint in powr system operation. A new methodolgy that reduces the need for repeated simulation to determine a transiently secure operating point is presented. at cntingency , critical generator is limited generation to prevent rotor accelation until system is secured. when energy margin is zero, generation is degermined Implementation issues and simulation results are discussed in th context of a 23-bus system