• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2015

3세의 암컷 닥스훈트견이 뒷다리의 부전마비와 사지냉감을 주증으로 본원에 내원하였고 진단을 위해 병력청취, 신체검사, 신경계 검사 및 혈액검사를 실시하였다. 복부 및 심장 초음파 검사 결과, 심장사상충의 성충으로 의심되는 소견이 정상 기생부위 이외의 장소에서 관찰되었다. 효소면역측정법을 이용한 심장사상충 항원 키트 검사 결과 양성반응이 확인되었다. 환자는 입원 당일 혼수상태에 빠져 보호자의 요청으로 안락사 되었다. 보호자의 동의 하에서 실시된 사후 부검 결과 심장의 4방과 대동맥, 복대동맥 및 엉덩동맥에서 높은 충체 부하의 심장사상충 성충이 확인되었으며, 이로 인한 다량의 전신성 혈전색전증 또한 관찰되었다. 본 증례에서는 전신 순환계로의 개 심장사상충 이소기생의 임상적 특징과 진단 영상 및 사후 부검 결과를 소개하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2020

This case describes outbreaks of acute aspergillosis in a red-crowned crane. A six-month-old, male, crane had showed clinical signs (i.e. anorexia, performance loss, ruffled feathers and drooped wings and open mouth breathing, etc.) before death. In necropsy examination, spherical to oval nodules disseminated from the respiratory tract to other organs. Those nodules were formed predominantly in air sacs, lung, peritoneum, serosa of esophagus and trachea. The nodules varied in size from 1 mm to over 1cm and the color was white to yellow. Microscopically, most of lung architecture were replaced by multiple foci which were characterized by well demarcated eosinophilic and karyorrhetic debris and surrounded by numerous Inflammatory cell. Most within necrotic center of the nodules, large numbers of fungal hyphae were present. Microbiology result indicated fungal growths on sabroud dextrose agar and bacterial growths on blood agar. Bacteria identified as E. rhusiopathiae using MALDI-TOF (microflex, BRUKER, USA) and fungi identified as A. fumigatus, A. terreus by sequencing the ITS1 and ITS4 regions. To confirm the route of infection, we checked the existence of the same pathogens in cohabitant (i.e. mother crane). The young age and weakened immunity (i.e. bacterial infection, etc.) causes fatal aspergillosis in birds.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.621-624
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• 2004

A 13-year-old female Miniature Pincher was euthanized after suffering from respiratory insufficiency and seizure. At necropsy, firm tan masses approsimately 4 to 5 cm in diameter were noted at the right caudal love and left cranial lobe of the lung. On cross sections of the cerebellum and the verebrum, several compressive firm round masses, 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter, were noted. similar looking nodules were also present in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Histopathologically, the neoplastic masses consisted of cuboidal shape epithelial cells that form glandular structure. The neoplastic cells have hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli and moderate amount of cytoplasm. The degree of mitosis was high (4-6/400X). Multiple areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, and tumor emboli were also noted. Metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes, pancreas, and brain was confirmed. Based on the gross and histopathologic examinations, a diagnosis of primary metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma was made. Clinicaly recognized neurological signs were therefore due to brain metastasis.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity of fermented Scutellariae Radix (JKTMHGu-100) in rats and dogs. JKTM-HGu-100 was orally administered at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. An escalating single-dose oral toxicity test in beagle dogs was performed at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg with 4-day intervals. Clinical signs, changes in body weight, mortality, and necropsy findings were examined for 2 weeks following oral administration. No toxicological changes related to the test substance nor mortality was observed after administration of a single oral dose of JKTM-HGu-100 in rats or dogs. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (LD) for oral administration of JKTMHGu-100 in rats was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg, and the maximum tolerance doses (MTDs) in rats and dogs were also estimated to be over 2,000 mg/kg. These results indicate that JKTM-HGu-100 shows no toxicity in rodents or non-rodents at doses of 2,000 mg/kg or less.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2012

The present study was carried out to examine the toxicity and target organs of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) after repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks (3 administrations, once every 2 weeks). OCV is an inactivated oral cholera vaccine that contains Vibrio cholerae and confers protection against cholera caused by V. cholera serogroups O1 (Inaba and Ogawa serotypes) and O139 (strain 4260B). The animals were orally administered either OCV placebo (negative control) or OCV at a dose equivalent to 240 times the anticipated human dose. Throughout the administration period, no significant change was detected in clinical signs, body weight, food or water consumption, urinalysis results, hematological and clinical biochemistry test results, organ weights, necropsy, or histopathological examination results. Minor changes were found in hematological and clinical biochemistry tests; however, these changes were within normal ranges. The above results suggest that oral administration of OCV in rats did not induce any toxicologically meaningful changes, and the target organs could not be determined. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines established by Good Laboratory Practice (2009-183, KFDA, December 22, 2009) and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (1997).

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2017

Ethyl formate, a volatile solvent, has insecticidal and fungicidal properties and is suggested as a potential fumigant for stored crop and fruit. Its primary contact route is through the respiratory tract; however, reliable repeated toxicological studies focusing on the inhalation route have not been published to date. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the safety of a 90-day repeated inhalation exposure in rats. Forty male and 40 female rats were exposed to ethyl formate vapor via inhalation at concentrations of 0, 66, 330, and 1,320 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days a week for 13 weeks. Clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, urinalysis, hematologic parameters, serum chemistry measurements, organ weights, necropsy, and histopathological findings were compared between the control and ethyl formate-exposed groups. Locomotor activity decreased during exposure and recovered afterward in male and female rats exposed to 1,320 ppm ethyl formate. Body weight and food consumption continuously decreased in both sexes exposed to 1,320 ppm ethyl formate from week 1 or 3 compared with the control values. The increases in adrenal weight and decreases in thymus weight were noted in both sexes exposed to ethyl formate at 1,320 ppm. Degeneration, squamous metaplasia of olfactory epithelium in the nasopharyngeal tissue, or both were noted in the male and female rats at 1,320 ppm and female rats at 330 ppm ethyl formate. Taken together, our results indicate that ethyl formate-induced changes were not observed in male and female rats at 330 and 66 ppm, respectively. This indicates that exposure to ethyl formate at concentrations below 66 ppm for 90 days is relatively safe in rats. This is the first report of a full-scale repeated inhalation toxicity assessment in rats and could contribute to controlling occupational environmental hazards related to ethyl formate.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 1998

DA-3585 is a recombinant human erythropoietin produced by Dong-A pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. using recombinant DNA technique. Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. In this study, we examined acute and subacute toxicity of DA-3585 in rats. DA-3585 was intravenously administered to rats at dose levels of 0, 6,250, 12,500 and 25,000 lU/kg for single dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0,100,500 and 2,500IU/kg daily for 4 week-repeated dose toxicity study. In the single dose toxicity study, there were no death, clinical signs and changes in body weight gain related to the treatment. Necropsy revealed no evidence of toxicity related to DA-3585, In the repeated dose toxicity study, all the rats survived throughout the study. There were no treatment-related changes in clinical signs, food and water intake, and body weight. Hematological examination showed increases in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and mean corpuscular volume, and decrease in the number of platelet in 500 and 2,500 lU/kg dosed groups. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow were noted as treatment-related histological changes. Toxicologically significant changes were not observed in blood biochemistry, urinalysis, organ weights and in any other examinations. The treatment-related changes observed in this study were hematological or histological changes associated with pharmacological effects of DA-3585. On the basis of the results of this study, LD5n value of DA-3585 was above 25,000 lU/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was estimated to be 100 lU/kg.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2007

Arthrostoma miyazakiense (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) is a hookworm species reported from the small intestines of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Japan. Five Korean raccoon dogs (N. procyonoides koreensis) caught from 2002 to 2005 in Jeollanam-do (Province), a southeastern area of South Korea, contained helminth eggs belonging to 4 genera (roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, and Capillaria spp.) and cysts of Giardia sp. in their feces. Necropsy findings of 1 raccoon dog revealed a large number of adult hookworms in the duodenum. These hookworms were identified as Arthrostoma miyazakiense based on the 10 articulated plates observed in the buccal capsule and the presence of right-sided prevulval papillae. Eggs of A. miyazakiense were $60-65{\times}35-40{\mu}m$ (av, $62.5{\times}35{\mu}m$), and were morphologically indistinguishable from those of Ancyiostoma caninum. The eggs were cultured to infective 2nd stage larvae via charcoal culture, and 100 infective larvae were used to experimentally infect each of 3 mixed-bred puppies. All puppies harbored hookworm eggs in their feces on the 12th day after infection. This is the first report thus far concerning A. miyazakiense infections in raccoon dogs in Korea, and the first such report outside of Japan.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2016

We intended to describe a case of chaunocephalosis and morphological characteristics of its causative agent, Chaunocephalus ferox, recovered from an oriental white stork, Ciconia boyciana, in the Republic of Korea. An oriental white stork was referred to the Wildlife Center of Chungbuk in Korea in February 2014 for severe depression with cachexia and it died the next day. At necropsy, the stomach was severely expanded and 7 thick-walled nodules were observed in the upper part of the intestine. Although the stomach was filled with full of foreign materials, the intestine was almost empty. The nodules were globular and total 9 flukes were recovered. They were $8,030-8,091{\mu}m$ in length and $3,318-3,333{\mu}m$ in maximum width. Because the flukes had bulbous forebody with short narrow subcylindrical hindbody, 27 collar spines, and vitelline follicles not reaching to the posterior end, the specimens were identified as being C. ferox. The cyst formation induced thickening of the intestinal wall with narrowing of the lumen that could have contributed to the gastric impaction to the death of the host. This is the first described case of chaunocephalosis and its causative agent C. ferox found from an oriental white stork in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2019

Sporulated oocysts from the feces of infected cats with Toxoplasma gondii can cause detrimental disease in both humans and animals. To investigate the prevalence of feral cats that excrete T. gondii oocysts in the feces, we examined fecal samples of 563 feral cats over a 3-year period from 2009 to 2011. Oocysts of T. gondii excreted into the feces were found from 4 of 128 cats in 2009 (3.1%) and one of 228 (0.4%) in 2010 while none of the 207 cats in 2010 were found positive with oocysts in their feces, resulting in an overall prevalence rate of 0.89% (5/563) between 2009 and 2011. Among the 5 cats that tested positive with T. gondii oocysts, 4 of the cats were male and 1 was a female with an average body weight of 0.87 kg. Numerous tissue cysts of 60 ㎛ in diameter with thin (<0.5 ㎛) cyst walls were found in the brain of one of the 5 cats on necropsy 2 months after the identification of oocysts in the feces. A PCR amplification of the T. gondii-like oocysts in the feces of the positive cats using the primer pairs Tox-5/Tox-8 and Hham34F/Hham3R confirmed the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the feces. This study provides a good indication of the risk assessment of feral cats in the transmission of T. gondii to humans in Korea.