• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.284-290
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of SNAGs (sustained natural apophyseal glides) and visual convergence biofeedback on the proprioception and neck disability of patients with chronic neck dysfunction. A total of 31 patients with neck dysfunction were assigned to either SNAGs (n = 16) or biofeedback (n = 15). The groups were assessed for proprioception and neck disability, before and after the intervention. The SNAGs were performed using belt with flexion, extension and right-left rotation, whereas biofeedback training included visual feedback training with deep neck flexor. Intervention was implemented for 20 minutes, twice a week for 4 weeks. Biofeedback training a showed significant effect on the joint position sense (left and right rotation) as compared to the SNAGs group (p< 0.05), whereas neck disability index was significantly effective for SNAGs (p< 0.05). Ed. Notes: The previous statement lacked clarity. I have suggested the edit as per my understanding. Please review and revise appropriately, if required. Therefore, the SNAGs technique is effective for neck function, and biofeedback training is a positive intervention method for enhancing the proprioceptive sensation. In future studies on patients with neck pain, it may be possible to select an intervention method based on the characteristics of the disease.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2005

목적 : 본 연구는 경미한 경부 통증을 가진 대상자의 경부 운동감각과 경부 통증과 기능에 대하여 조사하였다. 방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 자발적으로 참여한 81명의 (나이 18-30세, 평균 23.2) 건강한 대학생으로 구성되었으며, 측정은 경부운동감각과 통증 및 기능에 대하여 측정하였다. 경부운동감각은 편안히 앉은 자세에서, 경부 후인과 좌우 회전의 중간 관절 범위에서 대상자의 두부에 착용하지 않는 기구를 사용하여 측정하였다. 경부 통증과 기능은 가장 흔히 쓰이는 4가지 설문지를 한국어로 번역하고 문화적으로 적응하는 과정을 거쳐 사용하였다. 결과 : 대상자들을 경부 통증 빈도에 따라 세 집단으로 (통증 없음, 월별, 주별) 구분하였다. 각 집단간에는 4가지 설문지로 조사한 경부통증과 기능에는 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 경부운동감각은 통증 빈도가 높을수록 더 민감하게 나타났다 결론 : 경부 운동감각은 편안히 앉은 자세에서 경부 후인과 좌 우회전의 중간 관절범위에서 측정하였으며, 경미한 경부 통증 빈도가 높을수록 경부 운동감각은 더 민감하게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2212-2218
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different sitting postures on range of motion, strength and proprioceptive sense of neck. Fifteen healthy university students participated in the study. Depending on upright sitting position and slump sitting position, range of motion and joint position sense were measured by using Dualer IQ. Also, the maximum isometric strength and force sense were measured by using linear force. As a result, we found that the maximum angle of neck extension and the maximum isometric strength at flexion were significantly higher in upright posture than in slump posture. Also, the maximum angle of neck flexion and the maximum isometric strength at extension were higher in slump posture than in upright posture. According to the result, proper proprioception can have an beneficial effect on postural revision of neck and body by providing the information that cognize the position of head through and sustain upright posture.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium on pain, proprioception, and motor function in adults with chronic neck and shoulder pain. Design: One group pretest-posttest follow-up experimental design. Method: Twenty adult women with neck and shoulder pain voluntarily participated in this study. Elastic band-resistive exercise using audio-visual medium including cervical flexion and extension, shoulder external rotation, and scapular retraction-protraction motions was conducted 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The Numerical Rating Scale, pressure threshold tool, CROM goniometer, and Image J software were used to assess subjective pain level, tenderness threshold (pain), joint position sense error (proprioception), joint range of motion, and postural alignment (motor function), respectively. Result:: The pain intensity and threshold and joint position sense error showed significant decreases after the intervention, whereas the joint range of motion angle revealed significant increases. The postural alignment including forward head posture and rounded shoulder revealed significant improvements after the intervention. Conclusions: Therefore, we suggest that elastic band-resistive exercise through audio-visual medium would be helpful in preventing and managing pain and physical dysfunction in individuals with chronic neck and shoulder pain, and then it would support the development of health management-related online education content.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1619-1625
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• 2018

To examine the changes in pain, the severity of the neck disorder, craniovertebral angle, and muscle activity in young adults with forward head posture. 37 "N" University students in their 20s with forward head posture, including both male and female participants. Measurement of pain, NDI (neck disorder index) craniovertebral angle, and muscle activity were taken before and after the 6 week intervention period. The pain was measured using the visual analog scale. The severity of the neck disorder was measured using the NDI The craniovertebral angle was measured by taking a photo. The muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Neck posture correction exercises paired with proprioceptive training is the most effective intervention for reducing pain. Both neck posture correction exercises paired with Kinesio taping or proprioceptive training are effective interventions for addressing neck disability, craniocervical angle, and muscle activity. Neck posture correction exercises paired with Kinesio taping or proprioceptive training are more effective at addressing pain, neck disorder, craniocervical angle, and muscle activity than performing the neck posture correction exercises alone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the inter-rater reliability of cervical proprioception, dynamic balance ability, and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion using STARmat^®, which is a practical clinical tool that can provide practitioners and patients with quantitative and qualitative results. Methods: Thirty healthy young subjects were enrolled in this study, and two well-trained physical therapists participated as a tester. Two testers measured the cervical joint position error at the starting position after neck flexion, extension, side bending, and rotation; three dynamic balance tests, including anterior excursion, anterior reaching with single leg balance, and posterior diagonal excursion; and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion using STARmat^®. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the inter-rater reliability of the tests. Results: The inter-rater reliability for the cervical proprioception ranged from moderate to good (0.66 to 0.83), particularly for flexion (0.82), extension (0.70), right side bending (0.73), left side bending (0.71), right rotation (0.83), and left rotation (0.66). For the dynamic balance, the inter-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent (0.87 to 0.91), particularly for anterior excursion (0.86), posterior diagonal excursion (0.87 to 0.89), and anterior reaching with a single leg balance (0.90 to 0.91). In addition, for the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, the ICC for the inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.95 to 0.96. Conclusion: STARmat^® is a reliable tool for measuring cervical proprioception, dynamic balance tests, and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in healthy young adults.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sitting questionmark exercise (SQE) and brugger's relief exercise (BRE) on pain, ROM, proprioception, NDI in 60 Patients with Chronic Cervical Pain (CCP). Methods : In this study the VAS and NDI were used to investigate changes in pain and disability with SQE and BRE. The pre and post intervention intra group differences were analysed with a paired t-test for mean values, and the inter group differences were analyzed with an independent t-test for mean values. Results : The pain of both of groups was lowered with statistical significance. Pain of SQE group is lower than that of BRE group with statistical significance. ROM in both groups was improved, but there is no significant difference between two groups. NDI in both of groups were significantly decreased after the intervention, but there was no significant difference between groups. there was NDI ratio (%) significant difference between each groups. Conclusion : SQE intervention may be considered a more effective clinical approach for reducing pain and restoring proprioception in patients with CCP.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.54-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Most studies have reported pain in the head-neck and upper-limbs according to smartphone usage, which is related to the proprioception sense in the head and neck, but there have been few studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was identify the adverse effects of the proprioceptive sense in the head-neck according to smartphone usage. Methods: Twenty-seven young adults (male: 9, female: 18) were enrolled in this study. The proprioceptive sense was measured through the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck during smartphone usage for 0, 5, and 20 minutes. The Noraxon MyoMotion system was used to record the joint position angle and neutral positon in the head-neck. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to identify the differences between the three smartphone use durations and the least-squares difference was used as a post hoc test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck were significantly different among the 0, 5, and 20 minutes of smartphone usage (p<0.05). In the post hoc test, the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error showed a significant difference between smartphone use for 0 minute and 5 minute, and between smartphone use for 0 minute and 20 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that smartphone use within 5 minutes can have adverse effects on the proprioceptive sense. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the appropriate use time and break time when using smart phones.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.242-252
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• 2023

Background: Neck pain is a common problem in the general population and second only to low back pain in musculoskeletal problems. The aim of this study is to compare three different types of exercise training in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: This study was conducted on 45 patients with neck pain. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (conventional treatment), Group 2 (conventional treatment plus deep cervical flexor training), and Group 3 (conventional treatment plus stabilization of the neck and core region). The exercise programs were applied for four weeks, three days a week. The demographic data, pain intensity (verbal numeric pain scale), posture (Reedco's posture scale), cervical range of motion ([ROM] goniometer), and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI]) were evaluated. Results: In all groups, a significant improvement was found in terms of pain, posture, ROM, and NDI values in all groups (P < 0.001). Between the groups, analyses showed that the pain and posture improved more in Group 3, while the ROM and NDI improved more in Group 2. Conclusions: In addition to conventional treatment, applying core stabilization exercises or deep cervical flexor muscle training to patients with neck pain may be more effective in reducing pain and disability and increasing ROM than conventional treatment alone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the craniovertebral angle, proprioception (joint error test), and the upper trapezius on the muscle tone when comparing cervical stabilization and scapula stabilization exercises and when two exercises were performed together. METHODS: The participants in this study agreed in advance, and this study was carried out by recruiting 27 university students in their twenties with mild frontal posture. The subjects were assigned randomly to three groups that performed cervical stabilization exercises, scapular stabilization exercises, and both cervical and scapular stabilization exercises. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the evaluation values of the 1^st, 3^rd, and 6^th weeks of exercise intervention within the group, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference in the effects of exercise intervention among the three groups. RESULTS: Proprioception was significantly different in the cervical stabilization exercises (CSE) group and the cervical stabilization exercises + Scapular stabilization exercises (CSE+SSE) groups at three weeks, and there was a significant difference between the scapular stabilization exercises (SSE) group and the CSE+SSE group (p < .05). At six weeks, there was a significant difference between the CSE group and the CSE+SSE group, and there was a significant difference between the SSE group and the CSE+SSE group (p < .05). There was a significant difference between three and six weeks in the CSE group (p < .05). In the SSE group, there was a significant difference between pre and six weeks, and between three and six weeks (p < .05). In the CSE+SSE group, there was a significant difference between pre and three weeks, and between pre and six weeks (p < .05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences between CVA and muscular tone in all three groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: In all groups, the proprioception (joint error test) showed significant improvement, and the CSE+SSE group showed greater improvement than the other groups. As a result, the appropriate combination of neck stabilization exercise and scapular stabilization exercise effectively improved proprioception in the presence of forward head posture (FHP).