• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-185
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• 2007

Objectives : The studies on variation in diagnosis on the neck and nuchal pain has not been done thoroughly as we can use it in clinical practice of these days. For this reason, I examined the variation in diagnosis mentioned in the classics of Oriental Medicine as the preceding study on standardization of variation in diagnosis on neck and nuchal pain. Methods : I gathered the twenty kinds of classics of Oriental Medicine that were computerized, the textbooks on Oriental Medicine which are being used these days, and the theses on current clinical research. After gathering these data, I analyzed these according to the variation in diagnosis. Results : The classics of Oriental Medicine on the neck and nuchal pain mentioned very much about the neck and nuchal pain occurred by the pathogenic factor of Wind, Cold, and Dampness, disharmony created by deficiency of Liver and Kidney, and pathogenic state of Meridians of Taiyang. According to the texts of these days, the differentiation of syndromes can be divided into four kinds of items such as Wind-Cold pathogen, Wind-Dampness pathogen, Phelgm-Heat, and disharmony between Qi and Blood. The theses of these days rarely mentioned about variation in diagnosis on the neck and nuchal pain. Conclusions : The differentiation of syndromes on the neck and nuchal pain can be divided into four kinds items as affection by exopathogen like Wind, Cold, Dampness, Heat, and so on, stagnation of Qi and the coagulation blood, deficient syndrome of Liver and Kidney, and deficient syndrome of Qi and Blood.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of muscle energy techniques on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods : The 20 patients were divided into 2 groups: group A was treated except muscle energy techniques and group B was treated with muscle energy techniques. Both groups were treated with acupunture treatment, physical theraphy and herbal medication. Patients were evaluated by McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form(SF-MPQ), Pain Disability Index(PDI) and Neck Disability Index(NDI) in traffic accident patients. Results : 1. Both Group were significantly decreased in sensory of SF-MPQ, VAS, PDI and NDI after 7 days of treatment. 2. Group B compared with the Group A was significantly decresed in VAS, PDI after 7 days of treatment. Conclusions : We found out that muscle energy techniques is considered to be effective and useful on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of myofascial releasement on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods : The 30 patients were divided into 2 groups : group A was treated except myofascial releasement and group B was treated with myofascial releasement. Both group were treated with acupuncture treatment, physical theraphy and herbal medication. Patients were evaluated by McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form(SF-MPQ), Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Pain Disability Index(PDI) and Neck Disability Index(NDI). Results : 1. Both Group were significantly decreased in affective of SF-MPQ, VAS, after 10 times of treatment. 2. Group B compared with the Group A was significantly decreased in affective of SF-MPQ, NDI and PDI after 10 times of treatment. Conclusions : We found out that myofascial releasement is considered to be effective and useful on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of chuna for temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in nuchal pain patients with temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). Methods : Four patients were treated by chuna for TMJ to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The patient's symptoms were assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI), cervical lordotic curvature. Results : In all case, the pain was reduced according to VAS, NDI. cervical lordotic curvature of three cases were improved. Conclusions : These results suggest that chuna for TMJ might be an effective method to treat nuchal pain with TMD. But, it's necessary to have more observations and experiments.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of kinesio taping on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods : The 40 patients were divided into 2 groups : Group A was treated except taping and Group B was treated with taping. Both Group were treated with Acupuncture, Phy-Tx and Herb-med. Patients were evaluated and analyzed Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Pain Rating Score(PRS) and Neck Disability Index(NDI). Results : 1. Group B was significantly decreased in VAS, NDI after 3 days of treatment. 2. Group B was significantly decreased in PRS after 6 days of treatment. 3. Group A was significantly decreased in VAS, PRS and NDI after 9 days of treatment. 4. Group B compared with the Group A was decreased in VAS and NDI after 12 days of treatment. 5. Group B compared with the Group A was significantly decreased in PRS after 9 days of treatment. Conclusions : We found out that kinesio taping treatment is considered to be effective and useful on nuchal pain caused by traffic accidents.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.147-159
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of chuna for thoracic in the patients with nuchal pain. Methods Seven patients were treated by chuna for thoracic to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The patient's symptoms were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI) and cervical lordotic curvature. Results In all cases, the pain was reduced according to VAS, NDI. Cervical lordotic curvature of 6 cases were improved in terms of Jackson's angle. 5 cases were improved in terms of Depth of cervical curve and Method of Jochumsen. 4 cases were improved in terms of Angle of cervical curve (C2~C7) and Ishihara index. 3 cases were improved in terms of Angle of cervical curve (C1~C7). Conclusions These results suggest that chuna on thoracic might be an effective method to treat nuchal pain with extension malposition of thoracic. But, it's necessary to have more observations and experiments.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 1993

A myofascial syndrome due to continuous muscle contraction with the trigger point at the upper lateral edge of the nuchal muscles where they attach to the occipital bone is frequently seen in daily pain clinic practice. The Tienchu syndrome is a myofascial condition of the posterior neck region with a trigger point at the Tienchu acupoint(B10). When advanced, occipital neuralgia and muscle contraction headache follow. Therefore, a Tienchu block and/or occipital nerve block with local anesthetic combined with a small dose of steroid is a most effective therapeutic method for many patients who complain of posterior headache or posterior neck pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2017

Objectives : Cervical herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) are common diseases. They can be managed with acupuncture, but the evidence for effectiveness is uncertain. This review analyzed the acupuncture studies of domestic neck pain and cervical HIVD; the purpose of this study was to provide basic data useful for future research. Methods : We investigated acupuncture treatments for neck pain and cervical HIVD by searching 5 Korean Internet databases. The keywords used were "neck pain", "HIVD-cervical spine", and "nuchal pain". A total of 53 research papers (17 case reports, 16 clinical data analyses, 11 randomized controlled trials, and 9 non-randomized controlled trials) were found and analyzed according to the publication year, type of study, treatment, use of filiform needles, and type of pharmacopuncture used acupoint. The effectiveness of acupuncture treatment was determined. Results : 1. Filiform needles have been primarily used in domestic research and were used in at least half of published pharmacopuncture studies. 2. In 51 papers using filiform needles, many studies used only local acupoints; few studies used only distant acupoints. 3. All studies using pharmacopuncture were performed using local acupoints. In particular, the studies based on A-shi point, trigger point, and radiologic lesion sites were useful for multiple purposes. Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the acupuncture contents of the domestic neck pain and HIVD-cervical spine clinical studies. This study considers the assessment of the quality and efficacy of each study, which is likely to require research that reflects the future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

Ge-Fu(歌賦) means prose and poetry individually, and they both have a meaning of all the rhythmical poetrical compositions making it ease for people to remember the content. All the Ge-Fus used in oriental medicine are made in Yuan(元), Mine(明)and Qing(靑)dynasty, and they have been largely used in most of all the fields of medicine such as Ben-Cao(本草), Tang-Ye(湯液), Zhen-Jiu(鍼灸), Zhen-Duan(診斷). Zhen-Jiu-Ge-Fu(鍼灸歌賦) has about 90 poetries and 10 proses and they contain the names of meridian; courses of meridian streams; accurate positions of acupuncture points; functions; effects; meanings of the name of acupuncture points; usages and effects of special points; manipulations of reinforcing and reducing method; contraindications of acupuncturing; principles of selections and orders of acupuncture points in therapy; and eight diadgoses. Zhen-Jiu-Ge-Fu is subdivided into Jing-Xue(經穴歌), Zhi-Jiu-Ge(刺灸歌), Shu-Xue-Ge(輸穴歌), Zhi-Liao-Ge(治療歌). And In Zhi-Liao-Ge, the most brief and essential Ge-Fu-Si-Zong-Sue-Ge- contains theraputic designs using far apart acpuncture points from the right painful areas in the body. In this study, the author opinionated the Si-Zong-Sue-Ge can be the prototype of the distant needling; the research on this can open the importance of Ge-Fus. On conclusion, 1. "Upper and lower Abdomen - Zu-San-Li($S_{36}$) (肚腹三里留)" means when there are problems and disorders in upper and lower abdomen, distinctively, such as gastric pain, maldigestion, flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, menstrual disorer, knee pain and tonic functioning, 족삼리 can be a right choice for distant needling point for treating. 2. "Face and Eye-He-Gu($Li_4$) (面目合谷收)" means when there are problems and disorders in facial, eye, ear, nose, throat, mouth regions, distinctively, such as facial edema, toothache, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, frontal headache, abdominal pain, dizziness, He-Gu can be a right choice for distant needling point for treating. 3. "Upper and lower back - Wei-Zhong($B_{40}$) (腰背委中求)" means when there are problems and disorders in upper and lower back, distinctively, such as upper back pain, lumbargo, hamstring muscle pain, popliteal region pain, lower extremity compartment syndrom, Inguinal region pain, muscle twitch, vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhoidal bleeding, skin rash, Wei-Zhong can be a right choice for distant needling point for treating. 4. "Head and neck - Lie-Que($L_7$) (頭項審列缺)" means when there are problems and disorders in capital and nuchal area, distinctively, such as migraine, frontal headache, rhinorrhea, asthmatic dyspnea, aphasia, coughing, neck stiffness, occipital headache, upper extremity pain, Lie-Que can be a right choice for distant needling point for treating.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.149-163
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Functional Cerebrospinal Therapy(FCST) on patients from traffic accidents with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 33 patients who were treated for injuries stemming from traffic accidents at the Dong-Eui University Korean Medicine Hospital from December 29th, 2015 to August 29th, 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A(n = 15) and Group B(n = 18). In Group A, patients received Korean medical treatments with FCST using an Accurate Balancing Appliance(ABA) - a standard intra-oral appliance. In Group B, patients received Korean medical treatments without FCST. To estimate the efficacy of the treatments in decreasing pain, we analyzed the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Neck Disability Index(NDI) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI). Results : In Group A, VAS of headache(VAS H), VAS of neck & nuchal pain(VAS N), VAS of shoulder pain(VAS S), and VAS of low back pain(VAS L) were significantly improved during each period. In Group B, VAS H was significantly improved during each period, except the period from the first visit to two weeks later. VAS N, S, L were significantly improved during each period, except the period from the first visit to one week later. The total VAS improvement during each period in Group A was significantly higher than Group B. In both groups, NDI and ODI were improved significantly during each period. The improvement of NDI and ODI during each period in Group A was significantly higher than Group B. Conclusion : According to the results, FCST using ABA may be an effective treatment for patients from traffic accidents.