• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2009

수박에서 종자크기가 다른 각 계통들간의 종자특성과 종자크기의 변화에 따른 과특성을 살펴보기 위해 수박 유전자원 353 점을 대상으로 종자의 크기를 조사하고 6가지 대표적인 종자크기 형으로 분류하였으며 종자크기가 큰 순서부터 giant seed(GS), big seed(BS), medium size(NS), small size(SS), micro seed(MS), tomato seed(TS)라고 명명하였다. 종자크기가 작아질수록 종장, 종경이 작아졌고, 종자 모양은 큰 변화가 없지만 과당 종자수는 많아지고, 과당 종자중은 감소하였다. 종자크기가 과중, 발아율, 48시간 발효처리 후 발아에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 종자크기가 NS형인 수박 계통 'NT'로부터 종자크기형이 각각 SS, MS, TS인 3계통의 near isogenic line(NIL)s과 'S55'로부터 종자크기형이 TS인 1계통의 NIL을 육성하였다. 종자크기가 상이한 NIL간의 과중을 조사한 결과 NS, SS, MS형에서는 각각 과당 6.4, 6.3, 5.9 kg으로 유사하였고, TS인 경우에는 4.2 kg으로 급격히 줄어들었다. 종자크기형이 NS인 계통들에서는 양호한 발아율을 보였지만, TS인 경우에는 매우 낮은 발아율을 보였으며, 48시간 발효처리에 의하여 TS 계통들에서 발아율 증가가 관찰되었지만 여전히 낮은 발아율을 보였다. 전체 종자중에 대한 배와 종피의 무게 비율을 보면 NS, SS, MS의 경우에는 50% 이상의 배 비율을 보였지만, TS의 경우에 44.4%의 비율을 보여 이로 인해 낮은 발아율을 보이는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구를 통해서 수박에서 다양한 종자크기의 유전변이가 존재함을 알 수 있었고, TS는 종자크기 뿐 아니라 과중 또한 작은 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1983

분벽경(分蘗莖)의 열개각도(裂開角度)가 상이(相異)한 수도초형(水稻草型)의 Near-isogenic line 3종(種)과 생육상(生育相)이 상이(相異)하연셔 문제(問題)가 되는 3종(種)의 다년생잡초(多年生雜草)(너도방동산이, 가래, 올미)를 작물(作物)에 대한 3 수준의 혼생밀도하(混生密度下)(0.25, 50%)에 공시(供試)하여 작물(作物)과 잡초(雜草)의 경시적(經時的)인 생육진전양상(生育進展樣相)과 건물생산(乾物生産) 및 수량(收量), 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)를 조사(調査)함으로써 작물(作物)-잡초(雜草)간(間)의 경합양상(競合樣相)을 조사(調査)하였다. 조사목적(調査目的)은 수도초형(水稻草型)에 의(依)한 잡초경합력(雜草競合力)의 차이(差異)를 측정(測定)하고 경합특성(競合特性)을 구명(究明)함으로서 잡초종(雜草種)에 따른 재배적(栽培的), 생태적(生態的) 방제(防除)의 가능성(可能性)과 육종방향(育種方向) 설정(設定)을 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위함에 있다. 얻어 진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수도초형차이(水稻草型差異)가 잡초생육억제(雜草生育抑制)를 통(通)하여 간접적(間接的)으로 작물수량(作物收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)보다 잡초종별(雜草種別) 혼생밀도(混生密度)가 미치는 영향(影響)이 보다 높은 유의차(有意差)를 나타냈다. 2. Open type의 너도방동산이가 50% 혼생(混生)에서 Broom type은 모든 초형(草型)의 50%에서, 그리고 Spread type은 가래 외에 모든 초종(草種) 50%에서 감소(減少) 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. Broom 및 Spread type에서의 잡초경합해(雜草競合害)는 단위면적당수수(單位面積當穗數)와 수당영화수(穗當穎花數)가 모두 감소(減少)하고 반면 Open type에서는 단위면적당수수(單位面積當穗數)만 감소(減少)하는 경향이었다. 4. 잡초건물생산증가(雜草乾物生産增加)에 따른 수도생육(水稻生育) 및 수량감소(收量減少)는 Spread type에서 가장 현저(顯著)하였다. 5. 너도방동산이는 모든 초형(草型)의 수도(水稻)에서 단위면적당(單位面積當) 수수(穗數) 감소(減少)를, 올방개는 Broom 및 Spread type의 단위면적당(單位面積當) 수수(穗數)와 주당영화수(株當穎花數) 감소(減少) 및 Open type의 주당수수(株當穗數) 감소(減少)를 그리고 가래는 밀생조건하(密生條件下)에서 모든 초형(草型)의 수도(水稻)에 생육억제(生育抑制)시키는 경향(傾向)이었다. 6. Broom 및 Spread type은 가래에, Open type은 가래와 올방개에 보다 경합력(競合力)이 있었다. 7. 너도방동산이는 모든 초형(草型)의 수도(水稻)에 경합해(競合害)를 크게 미치는 경향(傾向)이었다. 8. 작물(作物)-잡초경합유형(雜草競合類型)은 잡초(雜草)-작물(作物)의 생육진전(生育進展) 및 수량형성(收量形成) 전반(全般)에 걸쳐셔 잡초종(雜草種)이나 혼생밀도(混生密度)보다 작물(作物)의 초형(草型)에 의(依)하여 그리고 생육진전(生育進展)은 잡초발생밀도(雜草發生密度)에 의(依)하여 부차적(副次的)으로 결정(決定)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 9. 잡초종(雜草種)에 따른 이상적(理想的)인 생태적(生態的) 재배법(栽培法) 방제(防除)를 위하여 작물초형(作物草型)의 연구(硏究)는 지속(持續)될 필요(必要)가 있을 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2007

본 연구는 벼흰잎마름병 저항성유전자 Xa1, Xa 3 및 Xa7을 가진 단인자 근동질 유전자계통에 일본의 대표균주(T7174, T7147, T7133)를 단독 및 혼합 접종하여 친화적 및 비친화적 균주의 상호작용에 따른 벼흰잎마름병 발병도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Xa1 유전자를 갖는 IRBB 101 계통은 벼의 생육기간 전반에 걸쳐 T7147와 T7133 균주에는 친화적 관계로, T7174 균주에는 비친화적 관계로 작용하였다. Xa3 유전자를 갖는 IRBB 103 계통은 유묘기에서는 3 균주가 친화적 관계로 반응하였으나 출수기에 비교적 안정된 저항성을 나타냈다. Xa7 유전자를 갖는IRBB 107은 유묘기 접종에서는 3 균주가 비친화적 관계에 유사한 반응을 나타냈고, 최고분얼기 접종에서는 대부분 저항성으로 반응하였으며, 출수기에는 모두 강한 저항성으로 반응하여 비친화적 관계로 변화하였다. 친화적 균주와 비친화적 균주의 혼합접종에서는 비친화적 균주의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 병반장이 감소하는 경향 이였고, 친화적 및 비친화적 관계가 확실치 않는 경우는 병반장의 변화가 거의 없었다. 친화적 균주의 혼합접종에서는 친화적 균주의 단독 접종보다 대체로 병반장이 증가하는 경향이었으나, 비친화적 균주의 혼합접종에서는 단독 접종과 유사한 반응을 나타내어 병반장의 변화가 적었다. Xa7 유전자를 갖는 IRBB 107 계통은 벼의 생육기간동안 사용된 3 균주 모두에 저항성으로 반응하여 가장 안정된 저항성원인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.21-21
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• 2017

Severe lodging has recurrently occurred at strong typhoon's hitting in recent climate change. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their responsible genes associated with a strong culm and their pyramiding are important for developing high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance. To identify QTLs for lodging resistance, the tropical japonica line, Chugoku 117 and the improved indica variety, Habataki were selected as the donor parent, as these had thick and strong culms compared with the temperate japonica varieties in Japan such as Koshihikari. By using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in which chromosome segments from the japonica variety were replaced to them from Habataki, we identified the QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 1 and 6, which were designated as STRONG CULM1 (SCM1) and STRONG CULM2 (SCM2), respectively. By using recombinant inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between Chugoku 117 and Koshihikari and introgression lines, we also identified the other QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 3 and 2, which were designated as STRONG CULM3 (SCM3) and STRONG CULM4 (SCM4), respectively. Candidate region of SCM1 includes Gn1 related to grain number. SCM2 was identical to APO1, a gene related to the control of panicle branch number, and SCM3 was identical to FC1, a strigolactone signaling associated gene, by performing fine mapping and positional cloning of these genes. To evaluate the effects of SCM1~SCM4 on lodging resistance, the Koshihiakri near isogenic line (NIL) with the introgressed SCM1 or SCM2 locus of Habataki (NIL-SCM1, NIL-SCM2) and the another Koshihikari NIL with the introgeressed SCM3 or SCM4 locus of Chugoku 117 (NIL-SCM3, NIL-SCM4) were developed. Then, we developed the pyramiding lines with double or triple combinations derived from step-by-step crosses among NIL-SCM1 NIL-SCM4. Triple pyramiding lines (NIL-SCM1+2+3, ~ NIL-SCM1+3+4) showed the largest culm diameter and the highest culm strength among the combinations and increased spikelet number due to the pleiotropic effects of these genes. Pyramiding of strong culm genes resulted in much increased culm thickness, culm strength and spikelet number due to their additive effect. SCM1 mainly contributed to enhance their pyramiding effect. These results in this study suggest the importance of identifying the combinations of superior alleles of strong culm genes among natural variation and pyramiding these genes for improving high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

본 시험은 찰벼의 수량제한요인을 알아내기 위하여 찰$.$메근동질유전자 계통인 화청찰벼와 와청벼를 공시하여 공급부위(잎)와 수용부위(영화)의 조절이 등숙에 미치는 영향을 구명함으로써 찰벼의 수량증대를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 이삭당 총립중과 편균립중의 감소경향은 두 품종 모두 차엽처리구 ＜ 지엽처리구 ＜ 상위 1, 3엽처리구 ＜ 상위 1,2엽처리구 ＜ 상위 1, 2, 3엽처리구 순이었다. 상위 1, 2, 3엽 제거에 의한 총립중과 평균립중의 감소율은 화청찰벼에 비하여 화청벼에서 컸다. 2. 화청벼와 화청찰벼 모두 전엽처리에 의한 고밀도립비율과 등숙율이 2차지경보다 1차지경에서 높았다. 3. 화청벼와 화청찰벼 모두 영화의 절제처리에 의하여 이삭당 총립수와 총립중이 대조구에 비하여 감소한 반면 평균입중과 등숙율은 증가되었다. 대조구와 비교한 평균입중의 증가율은 1, 2차지경립 및 상$.$하위지경립의 절제구 모두에서 화청찰벼가 화청벼보다 높았다. 4. 영화의 조절의 의하여 두 품종 모두 고밀도립비율과 등숙립비율이 증가되었으며 고밀도립비율은 화청찰벼가 화청벼에 비하여 높았던 반면에, 등숙립비율은 화청벼에서 높은 결과를 보였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.32-32
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• 2017

To increase rice production, manipulating plant architecture, especially developing new high-yielding cultivars with erect leaves, is crucial in rice breeding programs. Leaf inclination angle determines the light extinction coefficient (k) of the canopy. Erect leaves increase light penetration into the canopy and enable dense plantings with a high leaf area index, thus increasing biomass production and grain yield. Because of erect leaves, the high-yielding indica rice cultivar 'Takanari' has smaller k during ripening than 'Koshihikari', a japonica cultivar with good eating quality. In our previous study, using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between 'Takanari' and 'Koshihikari', we detected seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf inclination angle on chromosomes 1 (two QTLs), 2, 3, 4, 7, and 12. In this study, we developed a near-isogenic line (NIL-3) carrying a 'Takanari' allele for increased leaf inclination angle on chromosome 3 in the 'Koshihikari' genetic background. We compared k, dry matter production, and grain yield of NIL-3 with those of 'Koshihikari' in the field from 2013 to 2016. NIL-3 had higher inclination angles of the flag, second, and third leaves at full heading and 3 (- 4) weeks after full heading and smaller k of the canopy at the ripening stage. Biomass at full heading and leaf area index at full heading and at harvest did not significantly differ between NIL-3 and 'Koshihikari'. However, biomass at harvest was significantly greater in NIL-3 than in 'Koshihikari' due to a higher net assimilation rate at the ripening stage. The photosynthetic rates of the flag and third leaves did not differ between NIL-3 and Koshihikari at ripening. Grain yield was higher in NIL-3 than 'Koshihikari'. Higher panicle number per square meter in NIL-3 contributed to the higher grain yield of NIL-3. We conclude that the QTL on chromosome 3 increases dry matter and grain production in rice by increasing leaf inclination angle.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.470-480
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to identify QTLs for agronomic traits using introgression lines from a cross between a japonica weedy rice and a Tongil-type rice. A total of 75 introgression lines developed in the Tongil-type rice were characterized. A total of 368 introgressed segments including 285 homozygous and 83 heterozygous loci were detected on 12 chromosomes based on the genotypes of 136 SSR markers. Each of 75 introgression lines contained 0-9 homozygous and 0-8 heterozygous introgressed segments with an average of 5.8 segments per line. A total of 31 quantitative and 2 qualitative loci were identified for 14 agronomic traits and each QTL explained 4.1% to 76.6% of the phenotypic variance. Some QTLs were clustered in a few chromosomal regions. A first cluster was located near RM315 and RM472 on chromosome 1 with QTLs for 1,000 grain weight, culm length, grain width and thickness. Another cluster was detected with four QTLs for 1,000 grain weight, grain length, grain width and grain length/width ratio near the SSR marker RM249 on chromosome 5. Among the 31 QTLs, 9 (28.1%) Hapcheonaengmi3 alleles were beneficial in the Milyang23 background. ILs would be useful to confirm QTLs putatively detected in a primary mapping population for complex traits and serve as a starting point for map-based cloning of the QTLs. Additional backcrosses are being made to purify nearly isogenic lines (NILs) harboring a few favorable Hapcheonaengmi3 alleles in Milyang23 background.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.42-42
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• 2015

Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease, does the most serious damage to the Brassica crops. The limited control approaches make that the identification of clubroot resistance (CR) is more important for developing CR cultivars of the Brassica crops. So far, 8 CR loci were mapped. However, the variation of P. brassicae leads to the rapid erosion of its resistance. To identify novel CR genes, we employed three mapping population, derived from crosses between Chinese cabbage and turnip inbred lines ($59-1{\times}ECD04$ and $BJN3-1{\times}Siloga$) or between Chinese cabbage inbred lines ($BJN3-1{\times}85-I-II$), to perform QTL analysis. Totally, 8 CR loci were indentified and showed race-specific resistance. Physical mapping of these 8 loci suggested that 4 were located previously mapped position, indicating they might be the same allele or different alleles of the same genes. Other 4 loci were found to be novel. Further, CR near isogenic line carrying each CR locus was developed based on the marker assisted selection. Verification of these CR loci was underway. Identification of these novel CR genes would facilitate to breed broad-spectrum and durable CR cultivars of B. rapa by pyramiding strategies.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.23-23
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world's most important cereal crop. In crop plant, chlorophyll content and leaf senescence could affect grain filling and yield. We analyzed a QTL associated with chlorophyll content and delayed leaf senescence using high chlorophyll near isogenic line (HC-NIL). HC-NIL derived from a cross between Oryza sativa cv. Hwaseong as a recurrent parent and wild species O. grandiglumis as a donor parent showed higher chlorophyll content than Hwaseong. To identify QTL associated with chlorophyll content, 58 $F_3$ and 38 $F_4$ lines were developed from a cross between HC-NIL and Hwaseong. For QTL analysis, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for genotyping and one-way ANOVA was conducted. A QTL for chlorophyll content (qCC2) was detected in chromosome 2 and explained 24.63% of phenotypic variation. The senescence effect of the qCC2 was examined in dark-induced incubation (DII). Detached leaves from Hwaseong and HC-NIL were incubated on 3mM MES buffer (pH 5.8) at $27^{\circ}C$ under complete dark condition. After 3 days of incubation, the Hwaseong leaves turned yellow, but the HC-NIL leaves were green. HC-NIL has higher chlorophyll content with delayed senescence than Hwaseong. These results indicated that qCC2 is associated with stay-green phenotype. To know whether the qCC2 is responsible for leaf functionality, ion leakage test and Fv/Fm measurement were performed. Both experiment results showed that differences were observed between Hwaseong and HC-NIL but it was not statistically significant. These results might suggest that the qCC2 is possibly related to chlorophyll content and non-functional stay-green phenotype.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2010

In a previous study, we mapped 12 QTLs for 1,000 grain weight (TGW) in the 172 $BC_2F_2$ lines derived from a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica cv. Hwaseongbyeo and O. rufipogon. These QTLs explained 5.4 - 11.4% of the phenotypic variance for TGW. Marker-aided selection combined with backcrosses was employed to develop QTL-NILs for each QTL. $BC_2F_2$ lines with each target QTL were backcrossed to Hwaseongbyeo twice and then allowed to self to produce $BC_4F_5$ populations. SSR markers linked to TGW were employed to select QTL-NILs with the respective target QTL. Six QTL-NILs with the recurrent parent, Hwaseongbyeo were evaluated for nine traits for three years from 2007 and 2009. Differences were observed between each of the 6 QTL-NILs and Hwaseongbyeo in TGW. In addition to TGW, these QTL-NILs displayed differences in other agronomic traits possibly indicating a tight linkage of genes controlling these traits. The direction of the QTL for TGW in 6 QTL-NILs was consistent as in the $BC_2F_2$ lines from the same cross. Difference in TGW between each of the QTL-NILs and Hwaseongbyeo was associated with the difference in one or two grain shape traits; grain length, grain width, and grain thickness. SSR markers linked to the QTL for TGW will facilitate selection of the grain shape character in a breeding program to diversify grain shape and provide the foundation for map-based gene isolation. Also, the QTL-NILs developed in this report and the progenies from crosses between the QTL-NILs will be useful in clarifying epistatic interactions among QTLs for TGW.