• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.80-90
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties of natural dyed Hanji for cultural properties conservation and storage. To estimate functional properties of Hanji, antimicrobial, insect repellent test, and Oddy test were executed. Hanji dyed with 10% Golden thread (Coptis chinensis), a natural dye and silver nitrate mordanting showed the most excellent antifungal activities against A. niger, P. chrysogenum, and Trichoderma sp. before and after aging. The insects repellent test followed didn't indicate significant effects on treated Hanji against Lasioderma serricorne, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tribolium castaneum. According to Oddy test result, Hanji dyed with Golden thread and silver nitrate caused no significant corrosions on copper, silver, and lead after aging 28 days.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.154-165
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• 2020

To assign the functionality of the regenerated fiber from waste MDF(wMDF) made of pitch pine, we examined the dyeing characteristics of natural dyes, sappan wood as a polychromatic natural red series, monochromatic gardenia as a yellow series, and indigo blue series. For nonemordanting dye, the colors of regenerated fiber dyed by sappan wood and gardenia were reddish yellow (YR) and yellow (Y) series, respectively, and dyeing conditions were appropriate a 30 ~ 50 g/L of dyeing materials at 60 ℃ for 60minutes of dyeing time. We obtained regenerated woody dyed fibers (Re-WDF), YR to the red (R) series by premordanting with Al and Cu mordant for sappan wood and the purplish red (RP) series by Fe premordanting. In the case of gardenia, only Y series colors were developed in nonemordanting dye or all three mordants. Indigo dye produced Re-WDF with greenish yellow (GY) tone at 1%, green (G) tone at 3%, and blue (B) tone at 5% concentration or more. Re-WDF with indigo showed the best light fastness followed by sappan wood and gardenia. In particular, the light fastness of Re-WDF with gardenia was very poor. The light fastness was somewhat improved by premordanting(Fe>Cu>Al) both sappan wood and gardenia dyes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.113-128
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were 1) to divide consumers into segments according to their consumption attitude and subjective knowledge about natural dyed products 2) to develop a profile for each segment with respect to the media types, the preferred media programs, the information sources, the lifestyle activities and the demographics. Data(n = 213) was collected using questionnaires via the internet. By cluster analysis of the consumers' attitude and their subjective knowledge about natural dyed products, four groups were identified 1) the loyal consumption group (20.1%), 2) the conditional/reluctant consumption group(36.6%), 3) the negative/reluctant consumption group(24.2%) and 4) the non purchasers(19.1%). Several characteristics of these four groups were then compared by ANOVA and chi-square statistics. The results indicated that the consumption attitude and subjective knowledge could be the criteria for segmenting the consumers and that the segmented groups had unique consumer characteristics. Implications of this study were discussed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2004

The dyeing on cellulose fibers such as cotton and viscose viscose rayon was carried out by the use of solution extracted from natural fresh leaves of indigo plant under several dyeing conditions. The dyeing affinity of viscose rayon was higher than that of cotton. The total K/S value of dyed fabrics was considerably increased with repeated dyeings, while a dyeing time has a little influence on it. Both fibers were hardly dyed by indigo at $60^{\circ)$ and cotton was dyed better at $40^{\circ)$ than at $20^{\circ)$, but in viscose rayon, a little difference of total K/S was shown between $20^{\circ)$ and $40^{\circ)$. The color change of dyed fabric according to dyeing conditions was evaluated by the CIELAB color system. viscose rayon had a lower $b^*$ so that it looked bluer than cotton and when the celluose fibers were dyed by indigo plant at the lower temperature, the bluer it looked. By repeated dyeings the $b^*$value of dyed fabrics was much increased but the $a^*$ value was little influenced and in case of viscose rayon the change was considerable.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the antibacterial effects of cotton and silk fabrics naturally dyed with Artemisia princeps extract on antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The concentrated natural dye of the Artemisia princeps extract was made at the liquor ratio of 1:10 at 40-60℃ for 60 minutes. The concentration of FeSO4·7H2O, Al2(SO4)3, and CuSO4 5H2O mordant was 3% (owf), and the liquor ratio was 1:20. In order to experiment on the antimicrobial activity of the naturally dyed fabrics, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, was used by breeding it in Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHA) containing Oxacillin (2㎍/ml), Fungizone (2.5㎍/ml), and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI; Detroit, MI, USA). As a result of examining the bacterial growth reduction rate on dyed cotton and silk fabrics against antibiotic-resistant strains, it was found that the copper mordant in cotton fabric shows the highest antibacterial activity with a bacterial growth reduction rate of 99.9%, and the non-mordant cotton fabric shows the lowest antibacterial activity with a reduction rate of 18.6%. In the case of the naturally dyed silk fabric, it indicates the highest reduction rate of strains in the Al mordanting (94.9%), and Cu mordanting (99.9%).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-234
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• 2014

Fabrics, natural dyed fabrics, papers, natural dyed papers and paints were examined effects of colors and mechanical properties for materials of museum collections under anoxic treatment. Anoxic conditions using nitrogen and argon were oxygen concentration 0.01%, temperature($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$), 50% RH and exposure time 30 days. Examined fabrics were raw silk fabric, UV irradiated raw silk fabric, degummed silk fabric, UV irradiated degummed silk fabric, cotton fabric, and UV irradiated cotton fabric. Natural dyed silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with fresh indigo, indigo, safflower, gromwell, madder sappanwood, amur cork tree, turmeric, gardenia, barberry root, pagoda tree flower, cochineal, lac, alnus japonica, gallnut, chestnut shell, and combination(indigo and safflower, indigo and amur cork tree, indigo and pagoda tree flower, indigo and sappanwood). Papers were Korean papers(mulberry paper, mulberry(70%) and rice straw(30%) mixed paper), Japanese paper(gampi paper), cotton paper, refined linen paper, cotton, linen & manila mixed fibre furnish, copy paper, news print, and alum sized mulberry paper. Natural dyed papers were dyed with indigo, sappanwood, madder, safflower, gardenia, amur cork tree, and pagoda tree flower. Paints were painted on alum-sized papers and silk fabrics using glue and pigments(azurite, malachite, cinnabar, vermilion, orpiment, gamboge, red lead, haematite, iron oxide red, indigo(lake), lac, cochineal, safflower, madder root lake, celadonite, smalt, ultramarine blue, lapis lazuli, prussian blue, kaolin, lead white, oyster-shell white, and clam-shell white). The color differences(${\Delta}E^*$) of all examined materials were below 1.5 or lowered than control samples after anoxic treatment. The variations of tenacity of yarns of fabrics and natural dyed fabrics after anoxic treatment were within that of standard silk and cotton fabrics. Gases(nitrogen and argon) and temperatures of anoxic treatment did not also affected color differences and variations of tenacity of materials.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.320-330
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• 2012

The natural dyeing of cotton fabrics with guava leaf extract was investigated. The temperature and time of dyeing are $40^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$ for eighty minutes, respectively. In addition, the dyebath has been set at pH 5. Sn pre-mordanted fabrics showed the highest K/S value. Regardless of dyeing temperature, K/S values were high when Al, Cu, Fe-mordanted fabrics were dyed in post-mordanting and Sn-mordanted fabrics were dyed in pre-mordanting. The K/S value of dyeing fabrics could be increased with repetitive dyeing and mordanting. Compared to untreated dyed fabrics, the K/ S values of fabrics which had been treated with soybean milk, chitosan and gall nut tannin were increased. The changed surface colors of fabrics that were treated with soybean milk, chitosan and gall nut tannin were Y, YR and achromatic colors. Fabrics dyed with alkaline water extract showed reddish color. Sn-mordanted fabrics dyed with acidic water extract showed vivid yellowish color, and Cu-mordanted fabrics dyed with ethanol extract showed yellowish green color. In case of Sn-mordanted fabrics, the washing fastness was level 4. The dry cleaning fastness also showed very excellent result with level 4-5. The rubbing fastness was better in dry rubbing than in wet rubbing of the fabrics. For the light fastness, all dyed fabrics showed low fastness. For antibacterial activity, the powder of guava leaf extract and the dyed fabrics with guava leaf extract showed 99.9% of high antibacterial activity. All dyed fabrics showed higher deodorization and UV protection rate than control fabric.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

To develope natural dyeing materials from the unused plant materials, we had several dyeing experiments to investigate the optimum conditions of dyeing fabrics with the waste grape juice. Dyeing experiments were done under different dyeing conditions of dyeing time, dyeing temperature, pH and concentration of dyebath and mordants which were treated after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were silk, cotton, ramie and hemp. Color difference(${\Delta}E$) and Munsell's HV/C of the dyed fabrics and color fastness of silk dyed fabrics to dry cleaning, washing, rubbing, perspiration and light were measured. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were very slightly increased with dyeing time and the color of dyed silk was light purple and the cotton, ramie and hemp was light red purple. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color became lighter with dyeing temperature increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color changed from light purple to blue with the pH of dyebath increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were slightly increased with the concentration of dyebath increased. The color of dyed fabric changed with the mordant treatment and were different among the experimental fabrics. On the whole, blue tone increased with the Al and Fe mordant and green tone increased with the Cu mordant. The color fastness of dyed silk fabrics to light, washing (change) and perspiration (change) was bad and color fastness to dry cleaning and rubbing were good.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

This study was carried out to make a search for the usefulness of marigold plants (Tagetes erecta) as a natural dye. And we have also examined into the dyeability and antifungal activity of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and 1% liquid colorant. Almost surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant except for that treated Cu and Fe with mordants were shown by Y-level. $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 66.2 to 86.39, those $a^*$ values were -1.97 to 6.09, and those $b^*$ values were 13.69 to 35.97. And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 78.97 to 89.62, those a values were -3.39 to 0.38, and those $b^*$ values were 5.63 to 15.61 $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 34.37 to 85.57, those a values were -7.79 to 12.33, and those $b^*$ values were 15.13 to 82.91, And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 44.12 to 87.90, those $a^*$ values were -8.37 to 6.18, and those $b^*$ values were 11.65 to 78.87. Colorfastness of silk fabrics against light treated nothing with mordants and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant decreased for a little by second grade, however, that against washing, rubbing, perspiration and dry cleaning were increased over fourth grade. Colorfastness of cotton fabrics in terms of rubbing, light, and dry cleaning, except for washing and perspiration, were shown by over third grade, when that was treated nothing with mordants. Antifungal activities of silk fabrics treated nothing with mordants and dyed with 1% liquid colorant of marigold extracts were shown by 28.9% against Staphylococcus aureus. However, those of Al, Ca, Cu and tartaric acid mordanting were more than 25.5% against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 1998

The natural dyestuff(chestnut dye) was manufactured from chestnut hulls by boiling in 0.5 NaOH solution and powdering in freeze dryer. To investigate the dyeability and color fastness, cotton, wool, silk and nylon fabrics were dyed under several conditions using the manufactured chestnut dye. Dyeing operation was carried in acidic dyebath of pH 4-5 because the chestnut dye is anionic. Dyeabilities on wool, silk and nylon fabrics were good, especially nylon fabrics were dyed deeper than others. But dyeability on cotton fabrics was not good. All the dyed fabrics showed excellent color fastness to crocking. Color fastness to laupdering of them were moderate to good. Also light fastness of them were moderate to good except nylon. The light fastness of dyed nylon fabrics was as poor as grade 1. But they could be improved to grade 4 by aftertreatment with gallic acid.