• Title/Summary/Keyword: natural water

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A Study on a Classification Technique of Natural Mineral Waters by Its Constitution and Physico-Chemical Properties (鑛泉水 理化學的 水質評價 技法 에 관한 연구)

  • Nam, Sang-Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 1988
  • Natural mineral water is generally quite different from ordinary drinking water due to its original nature and various properties. The complexity of natural mineral water requires, therefore, not only to identify its nature and proper characteristics, but also to classify them by a reasonable scientific basis of comparison. The study was concentrated on a possible classification technique to natural mineral waters by their constitutions and physico-ehemical properties. The classification was carried out by the computation of such numerical parameters as ionic equivalent percentage, electrolytic conductance or mobility, ionic molecular weight, molecular concentration, equivalent conductivity and degree of ionization in consideration of the determinative criteria as follows -particular single element or molecule -major components of natural waters as bicarbonate, sulphate, chloride,caloride, calcium, magnesium, and sodium -moleculat concentration related to blood osmotic pressure -water temperature at emergence from spring -contents of free carbon dioxide (CO2) -pH value of water -total dissolved solids or salts (NaCl) The results obtained proved out to be clearly distinguhhable from ordinary drinking water as far as concern natural mineral water as an example on the subject -simple water -bicarbonate-predominating water -cold spring -carbonated-non gaseous water -weak alkaline water -non saline water Putting these various results together, the sample turned out to be a kind of natural mineral water that can be used as a drinking water if microbiologically safe.

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The Changes of Vitamin C and Lactic Acid Bacteria Count in Dongchimi used Different Kinds of Water (물의 종류를 달리한 동치미의 발효과정 중 비타민 C와 젖산균수의 변화)

  • Ahn, Gee-Jung;Shim, Young-Hyun;Yoo, Chang-Hee
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.91-109
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of vitamin C and lactic acid bacteria count in Dongchimi used different kinds of water (distilled water, purified water, Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water). Dongchimi used different kinds of water was fermented at $10^{\circ}C$ for 46 days. The changes of pH on Dongchimi used different kinds of water decreased in all samples during fermentation period, and then showed a slow decrease after 12 days of fermentation. The total acidity of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water arrived slowly at best tasting condition(0.3~0.4 point) compared with other conditions. The changes of salt content were ranked high one by one , Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water>purified water>distilled water during fermentation period. At early stage of fermentation, the changes of turbidity of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water showed highly as compared with other test conditions for 12 days of fermentation. Vitamin C content was measured high in Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water during the fermentation period. Because calcium content was high in carbonated natural water, carbonated natural water had the highest calcium content during the fermentation period. The changes of lactic acid bacteria count showed the highest price at all experimental groups in 15 days of fermentation, but those of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water showed the highest price in 19 days of fermentation.

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Photodegradation of Butachlor and Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in Rice Paddy Water under Natural Sunlight

  • Ok, Junghun;Watanabe, Hirozumi;Cho, Junglai;An, Nanhee;Lee, Byungmo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.134-137
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    • 2014
  • BACKGROUND: Dissipation of herbicides in paddy water varies significantly, being dependent on environmental conditions such as sunlight. The photodegradation under natural sunlight may be one of natural degradation routes of herbicides dissipation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the degradation of butachlor and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in paddy water under natural sunlight. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 12 water sample bottles of treatment were covered by quart glass plates, which allow about 90% of UV radiation (280-2000 nm) to pass through, to minimize the UV attenuation. The other 12 water sample bottles of the control were covered by glass lids and wrapped with aluminum foils to prevent the sunlight. The concentration of butachlor and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in paddy water samples bottles was monitored under ambient conditions with and without natural sunlight. The concentration of butachlor and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl for treatment decreased from $355.3{\mu}g/L$ to $37.8{\mu}g/L$ and from $10.5{\mu}g/L$ to $3.9{\mu}g/L$, respectively, during consecutive 21 days after herbicide application under natural sunlight. CONCLUSION: The concentration of butachlor in paddy water decreased quickly under ambient conditions with natural sunlight. The degradation of butachlor in paddy water was enhanced by the natural sunlight. However, the degradation of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was insignificant under natural sunlight.

The Study on the Quality of Natural Mineral Water (먹는 샘물 수질에 관한 연구)

  • Im, HyunChul
    • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.41-41
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    • 2004
  • 56 samples were analyzed to understand water quality of the natural mineral water of Korea. The geology according to each sample location is grouped into Precambrian metamorphic rocks, Okcheon metamorphic rocks, Jurassic granite, Cretaceous granite, and Jeju volcanic rocks. Average EC and pH values of the water is 150 μS/cm and 7.3, respectively and water type of the water is mainly Ca-Na-HCO3. Fundamentally, there still is no problem for the water quality of the natural mineral water. Nevertheless, nitrate was detected and arsenic and fluoride contents are near the drinking water standards, it is highly necessary to manage the water quality by installment of casing and grouting or by development of another production well.

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Mineral Contents in Bottled Natural Water and Estimation of Their Intake by Korean Adults (일부 무기질의 생수 중 함량 분석과 생수를 통한 섭취량 평가)

  • Kim, Moo-Kyung;Sim, Jin-Ah;Eom, Hee-Jung;Kim, Myung-Hee;Choi, Mi-Kyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 2010
  • Minerals play an important role in the body as essential nutrients. However, it is not easy to meet DRIs because food sources of minerals are limited. Recently, consumption of bottled natural water has been increasing in Korea due to water pollution and distrust of tap water. The present study was conducted to investigate mineral contents in bottled natural water and their intakes among Korean adults. We analyzed eight minerals in seven kinds of bottled natural water by ICP-spectrometry and conducted a survey on the intake status of water and bottled natural water with 400 Korean young adults. The mean contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and Mo in bottled natural water were 22.45${\pm}$22.48 mg/L, 10.59${\pm}$9.97 mg/L, 0.27${\pm}$0.18 ${\mu}g/L$, 2.06${\pm}$1.48 ${\mu}g/L$, 5.47${\pm}$0.70 ${\mu}g/L$, 1.43${\pm}$0.37 ${\mu}g/L$, 1.90${\pm}$0.96 ${\mu}g/L$, and 3.34${\pm}$0.79 ${\mu}g/L$, respectively. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 22.76 years, 174.94 cm, 68.64 kg, and 22.41 $kg/m^2$ for males (n=150) and 21.25 years, 162.04 cm, 51.05 kg, and 19.46 $kg/m^2$ for females (n=250), respectively. The respective daily intakes of total water and bottled natural water as water itself were 670.30 ml and 212.20 ml for males and 488.04 ml and 132.72 ml for females. The daily intakes of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and Mo from bottled natural water were 4.76 mg, 2.25 mg, 0.06 ${\mu}g$, 0.44 ${\mu}g$, 1.16 ${\mu}g$, 0.30 ${\mu}g$, 0.40 ${\mu}g$, and 0.71 ${\mu}g$ for males and 2.98 ${\mu}g$, 1.41 mg, 0.04 ${\mu}g$, 0.27 ${\mu}g$,0.73 ${\mu}g$, 0.19 ${\mu}g$,0.25 ${\mu}g$, and 0.44 ${\mu}g$ for females, respectively. Overall, the contents of Ca, Mg, and Se in bottled natural water were relatively high and the daily intakes of these minerals were 0.4~1.0% of the DRIs.

Effectiveness of elimination inflowing algae in water treatment plant using natural algae remover (천연 조류 제거제를 이용한 정수장 유입 조류 제거 효율)

  • Jung, Hoyoung;Kim, Younghee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze water treatment characteristics, including the efficiency of removing algae from water purification plants, by installing a demonstration facility for decontamination of algae, including natural algae remover injection equipment, in the water purification plant. Jar-test showed that the optimum injection of natural decontaminant was 20 mg/L. Of the water contaminant treatment efficiency of the intake and water purification plants, Chl-a averaged 74.0% elimination efficiency from $5.0mg/m^3$ to $1.3mg/m^3$ and the maximum treatment efficiency was 91.5% removal efficiency when the inflow concentration of Chl-a was $11.8mg/m^3$. In addition, 51.2% and 47.1% of the taste and odor indicator items, geosmin and 2-MIB, resulted from the overgrowth and decaying of algae, respectively, to identify toxic substances and odor reduction effects. In addition, elimination efficiencies of SS and Turbidity materials were higher than 70.0%. In the injection of natural algae remover, no effects such as sudden changes in water quality due to secondary reactions were found, and appropriate levels were maintained under water treatment conditions.

Bacteriological Characteristics of Drinking Water in Pusan Area (부산지역 음용수의 세균학적 특성)

  • 김용관
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 1993
  • One hundred and eighty-seven water samples were collected from 23 of spring water, 2 of ground water, 1 of tap water in Pusan area and 3 of natural mineral waters. Total coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and microflora were investigated to evaluate water quality of drinking water. The results were as follows: range and geometric mean value of total coliform and fecal coliform MPN's of spring water were 0~1,500/100 ml, 85/100 ml and 0~460/100 ml, 24/100 ml but coliform group was not detected in the samples of tap water and natural mineral water. Viable cell count of spring water, ground water and tap water were lower as 100 cell than the criteria for drinking water but that of natural mineral water was higher as 6.5X 10$^2$~7.4X 10$^3$ /ml. Predominant speces among the 219 strains isolated from the samples were 19.6% Aeromonas spp., 19.2% Enterobacteriaceae, 16% Acinetobacter spp. Especially, spring water and vessels were contaminated by Hafnia spp. and Providencia Spp, inhabitant of the oral cavity.

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A Comparative Study on the Formation of Methane Hydrate Using Natural Zeolite and Synthetic Zeolite 5A (천연 제올라이트와 합성 제올라이트 5A를 이용한 메탄 하이드레이트의 생성에 대한 비교 연구)

  • Park, Sung-Seek;Park, Yun-Beom;Kim, Nam-Jin
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.24-32
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    • 2012
  • Natural gas hydrates have a high potential as the 21st century new energy resource, because it have a large amount of deposits in many deep-water and permafrost regions of the world widely. Natural gas hydrate is formed by physical binding between water molecule and gas mainly composed of methane, which is captured in the cavities of water molecules under the specific temperature and pressure. $1m^3$ methane hydrate can be decomposed to the methane gas of $172m^3$ and water of $0.8m^3$ at standard condition. Therefore, there are a lot of practical applications such as separation processes, natural gas storage transportation and carbon dioxide sequestration. For the industrial utilization of methane hydrate, it is very important to rapidly manufacture hydrate. However, when methane hydrate is artificially formed, its reaction time may be too long and the gas consumption in water becomes relatively low, because the reaction rate between water and gas is low. So in this study, hydrate formation was experimented by adding natural zeolite and Synthetic zeolite 5A in distilled water, respectively. The results show that when the Synthetic zeolite 5A of 0.01 wt% was, the amount of gas consumed during the formation of methane hydrate was higher than that in the natural zeolite. Also, the natural zeolite and Synthetic zeolite 5A decreased the hydrate formation time to a greater extent than the distilled water at the same subcooling temperature.

Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Spring Water

  • Yoo, Hee-Jin;Choi, Yoon-Ji;Cho, Kun
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.90-94
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    • 2020
  • Interest in aspects of industrialization relating to human health has increased. Accordingly, the use of labels such as 'natural foods' and 'organic ingredients' has become more widespread, and greater emphasis is being placed on improving quality of life. Water is an essential element for human life, and water quality has a significant impact on human health. However, technology that can precisely determine the substances present in water is still lacking. This study was conducted to establish a complete mass spectrometry process, from pretreatment to analysis, to measure and characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in Korean spring water samples. Salts and other matrices were removed from the samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with two different columns (PPL and C18). After establishing an accurate analysis method, the experimental results were evaluated based on Van Krevelen diagrams and analysis of molar O/C and H/C ratios. The method for characterizing NOM introduced herein should facilitate evaluation of water quality.

Antibacterial Characteristics of the Extracts of Yellow Natural Dyes (황색계 천연색소 추출물의 항균 특성)

  • 한신영;최석철
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.315-322
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of natural colors extracted from yellow natural dyes(Tumeric, Amur Cork Tree and Onion Shell). The water and the methanol extracts of Tumeric and Amur Cork Tree significally decreased the growth of E. coli in vitro and the methanol extract of Tumeric exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect among the samples. Silk and nylon fabrics dyed with water and methanol extracts of the yellow natural dyes showed antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Staph aureus in the Bioassay Test. Nylon fabric dyed with methanol extracts of them showed strong antibacterial effect on E. coli compared with that of water extracts. However, slik fabrics dyed with the extracts could not reduce the growth of E. coli. Silk or nylon fabrics dyed with methanol or water extracts of yellow natural dyes showed antimicrobial activities against Staph aureus. The antimicrobial activity of the fabrics dyed with methanol extracts from Tumeric, Amur Cork Tree and Onion Shell was stronger than that of water extracts, especially, the fabrics dyed with Tumeric extract showed the highest antibacterial property among the dyed fabrics.

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