• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2008

목 적 : 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군의 치료에 우리나라에서 널리 사용되고 있는 국내 제제인 Newfactan$^{(R)}$은 Surfacten$^{(R)}$과의 비교연구는 있었지만 다른 제제와의 비교연구는 그 동안 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 유럽에서 널리 사용되고 있는 돼지 폐에서 추출된 modified natural surfactants인 Curosurf$^{(R)}$와 Newfactan$^{(R)}$과의 치료효과를 비교하고자 본 연구를 실시 하게 되었다. 방 법 : 2004년 4월부터 2006년 12월까지 신생아 중환자실에 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군으로 진단되어 폐 표면 활성제를 투여받았고 출생체중이 2,500 g 이하이면서 재태연령이 35주 이하인 신생아 중 주요 선천성 기형과 태변흡입 증후군이 있었던 경우를 제외한 65명을 대상으로 하였고 이들을 Curosurf$^{(R)}$를 투여 받은 군 31명과 Newfactan $^{(R)}$을 투여 받은 군 34명으로 나누어 두 제제를 사용한 환아들의 임상적 특성과 초기 투여 반응, 합병증을 의무기록을 토대로 분석하여 비교하였다. 결 과 : Curosurf$^{(R)}$ 투여군과 Newfactan$^{(R)}$ 투여군 사이에 출생체중, 재태 기간, 산모의 병력상 특징에서 두 군간에 차이는 없었고, 폐 표면활성제 투여 후의 호흡지표의 변화에서 두 군 모두 투여 2시간 후부터 의미 있는 호흡지표의 개선을 보였으나 두 군간에는 차이가 없었고, 폐 표면활성제를 재투여한 빈도와 입원기간 중에 사망률도 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 장기 치료효과인 인공호흡기 사용기간, 산소 투여기간, 퇴원당시의 나이를 비교해 봤을 때 산소 투여기간이 Newfactan$^{(R)}$ 투여군에서 31.3${\pm}$21.2일, Curosurf$^{(R)}$ 투여군에서 24.6${\pm}$26.2일로 Newfactan$^{(R)}$ 투여군에서 산소 투여기간이 더 길었지만 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 기흉, 폐출혈, 동맥관 개존, 뇌실내 출혈 등의 급성기 합병증은 두 군간에 차이가 없었으며, 기관지 폐 형성이상의 빈도는 Newfactan$^{(R)}$ 투여군이 35.5%, Curosurf$^{(R)}$ 투여군이 26.9%로 Newfactan $^{(R)}$ 투여군에서 약간 더 높은 경향을 나타내었지만 통계적으로 의미있는 차이는 아니었다. 미숙아 망막증, 뇌실주위 연화증, 괴사성 장염등의 장기 합병증의 발생에서도 두 군 사이에 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : Newfactan$^{(R)}$ 과 Curosurf$^{(R)}$ 두 제제의 투여 후의 초기 치료반응 및 장기 투여효과, 급만성 합병증의 발생빈도에 있어서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-148
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• 1998

Accurate vital statistics are essential for a national health planning and evaluation. Among various vital statistics, birth and death rates, and infant and matemal mortality rates together with the causes of death are the very basic ones for above purposes as well as for the maternal and child health management. These statistics are based on the birth and death reports. It is required by law to report every birth and death within one month after its occurrence. However, in case of a neonatal death occurring prior to the birth report, most of the birth and death are not reported. Thus accurate infant and maternal mortality rates are not available yet in Korea. The main objective of this study is to develop a birth and infant death reporting system via computer network. We designed a new birth report form based on the current form and data from the analysis of medical record forms of 14 hospitals. A new form is basically addition of essential medical information to the current birth report form. Since a revision of the rules and regulations related wtih the birth report is necessary to use a new form, we kept the current from intact to make it acceptable to the government office for a field trial. We also developed computer programs for data input for birth and death reports at a medical faciltiy, data processing for production of maternal and child health indices at a health center, and management of maternal and child health services including immunization and postantal care at health center. The birth certificate and birth report can be printed out at a medical facility. The computer packages were programmed by Borland Delphi 3.0 and can be run under Windows 95 system. We proposed a new birth and death reporting system via computer network after a field trial for data input, transmission, and processing. The medical and demographic data o birth and death at medical facilities will be sent to health centers directly via computer network. The health center will retain the medical data for analysis and forward only the data for birth and death reports required by current regulations to the Dong, Up, or Myun Office. Once the birth or death is reported via computer network to the Dong Office, then the Dong Office will notify the baby's mother of the birth report and request to submit the baby's name by mail. When the baby's name its submitted. the Dong Office will forward the birth reports to the Common Court and Statistics Agency in the same way as the current system, Upon the completion of birth registration of the Common Court, the court will issue the birth certificate to mother which will be used in lieu of the family record. The advantages of proposed birth and death reporting system via computer network ar as follows ; I) The accuracy, timing, and completeness of reporting will be improved and more accurate maternal and child health indices can be obtained, ii) The maternal and child health services of health center will be obtained, iii) Epidemiologic data for pregnancy and birth can be obtained, iv) Manpower for birth and death reporting will be saved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.521-525
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• 2006

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of flushing of ewes with concentrate pellets just before the mating season on their nutrient utilization and reproductive performance on farms. Forty-eight Malpura ewes, 1-5 years old were randomly divided into 2 groups of 24 each (G1and G2). Ewes in both the groups were grazed on natural rangeland from 07.00 to 18.00 hr followed by night shelter in animal shed. G1 ewes were maintained on sole grazing while G2 ewes, in addition to grazing, received concentrate pellets at the rate of 1.5% of their body weight. The mean biomass yield of the community rangeland was 0.46 ton DM/hectare. The intakes of DM (g/kg $W^{0.75}$), DCP (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) and ME (MJ/kg $W^{0.75}$) were higher (p<0.01) in G2 as compared to that of G1 being 86.5, 10.2 and 1.15 and 57.5, 4.7 and 0.75, respectively. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and hemicellulose were also higher (p<0.01) in G2 as compared to that of G1 being 57.2, 76.7, 78.9, 51.9 and 81.6 and 50.8, 68.7, 68.4, 45.4 and 74.4, respectively. The conception rate was higher (79.2%) in flushed ewes as compared to that of non-flushed (66.7%). Five of the pregnant ewes died and another 5 aborted in G1 while in G2, 5 ewes aborted with no mortality. The lambing was higher (73.7%) in G2 than that in G1 (37.5%). The birth weight of lambs was higher (p<0.05) in G2 (3.47 kg) than that in G1 (2.95 kg). Further, the birth weight of male lambs was higher (3.28) than that of female lambs (3.14). It is concluded that the biomass yield of the community rangeland in semi-arid region of India is low and insufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of ewes prior to mating season. However, concentrate supplementation at the rate of 1.5% of body weight to ewes during this critical stage enhanced their plane of nutrition, reproductive performance, body condition and birth weights of lambs.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 로드킬 GIS 데이터와 네이버 거리뷰를 이용하여 토지피복과 도로침입 방어막이 포유류 로드킬에 주는 영향을 분석하고 야생동물의 도로 횡단을 가능하게 하는 이웃 경관과 도로 변수 간의 상호작용을 검증하였다. 야행성이며 다중 서식지를 이용하는 일반종인 고라니, 너구리, 멧토끼의 로드킬은 섭식, 번식을 위해 선호하는 서식지를 중심으로 영동과 중부 고속도로 인근 나지, 초지, 습지에서 다발하는 것으로 나타났다. 개통된 지 오래된 노선인 영동에서는 종 간 토지피복의 차이가 없던 것(p=0.165)으로, 신규 개통 후 지속적인 연장공사가 이루어졌던 중부는 차이가 유의했던 것(p=0.001)으로 나타났는데, 이는 산악지대인 영동선과 도심화 지대인 중부선 간 경관유형의 차이 혹은 개통일과 야생동물의 주변 서식지 적응도 및 연장공사 빈도수의 차이에서 비롯된 결과로 추정된다. 야생동물 도로 횡단 방지 효과가 미미하거나 없는 것으로 나타난 펜스 및 가드레일과 달리, 절 성토면의 방지 효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났으나, 도움닫기를 위한 경사면으로 연출될 경우 병치된 펜스효과를 상쇄시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 교차로 인근에서 고속도로와 병치되는 국도 혹은 지방도의 경우 펜스 및 성토면이 부재한 사례가 많아 로드킬 발생의 취약 지점으로 나타나며, 특히 교차로의 초지 패치는 고속도로 양 옆 경관 패치와 이어지는 시각적 징검다리 역할을 함으로써 도로를 건너려는 동물들에게 시각적 은폐기능을 제공하고, 이는 교차로 인근에서의 높은 로드킬 발생율로 설명되어진다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.571-581
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• 2009

Background : Early in November 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) began to spread throughout thirty-two countries around the world. A total of 5,327 cases were reported in China, including 1,755 cases in Hong Kong and 655 in Taiwan. The total number of cases reported from Canada and Singapore was more than 200. The total number of SARS cases world-wide reached 8,437 with incidences. Mortality from SARS is estimated at around 11%. Under the guidance of the World Health Organization (WHO), clinical studies on the use of integrated herbal medicine and western medicine for treating SARS were carried out in China and Hong Kong. The official report suggested that integrated treatment was more effective than western medicine alone in clinical symptoms, lung inflammation, blood oxygen saturation, immunological functions and others. Objective : To overview the treatment principle and the prescriptions according to the regimens and the stages for SARS of the reports, and further to broaden our knowledge of treatment of acute infectious diseases using natural herbal medicine. Methods : We reviewed nine of WHO SARS reports that comprehensively described the principles and methods of treatment and summarized them into eight treatment methods. We analyzed the herbal formulae on the basis of their treatment principles, evaluated them in accordance with warm disease study, listed frequently used herbs, and assessed patent prescriptions and herbal injections that were mentioned in the reports. Results and Conclusion : The reports divided the course of SARS into 3 to 6 stages such as high fever stage, fastigium stage, and convalescent stage. Frequently used herbs were Radix Scutellariae, Radix Paeoniae, Radix Astragali, Semen Armeniacae, Radix Pseudostellariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, and Fructus Schizandrae. Herbal decoctions were the primary method of treatment, while extracts or injections were secondary. Prescriptions were mainly based on the warm disease study. SARS is a viral disease caused by corona virus, and herbal medicine is proven to be effective against it. We believe that evidences and experiences from SARS cases can be a good reference to further researches on acute infectious diseases.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.7-27
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma-180 anti-cancer effects of herbal acupuncture with cultivated wild ginseng (distilled) in mice and rats. Method : Balb/c mice were injected intravenous with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenous with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture for subacute toxicity test. The cultivated wild ginseng herbal-acupuncture was injected at the tail vein of mice. Results : 1. In acute $LD_{50}$ toxicity test, there was no mortality thus unable to attain the value. 2. Examining the toxic response in the acute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication. 3. In acute toxic test, running biochemical serum test couldn't yield any differences between the control and experiment groups. 4. In subacute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication in the experimental groups and didn't show any changes in weight compared to the normal group. 5. In subacute toxicity test, biochemical serum test showed significant increase of Total albumin, Albumin, and Glucose in the experimental group I compared with the control group. Significant decrease of GOT, ALP, GPT, and Triglyceride were shown. In experiment group II, only Glucose showed significant increase compared with the control group. 6. Measuring survival rate for anti-cancer effects of Sarcoma-180 cancer cell line, all the experimental groups showed significant increase in survival rate. 7. Measuring NK cell activity rate, no significant difference was shown throughout the groups. 8. Measuring Interleukin-2 productivity rate, all the experimental groups didn't show significant difference. 9. For manifestation of cytokine mRNA, significant decrease of interleukin-10 was witnessed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion : According to the results, we can conclude cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture caused negligible toxicity, and had anti-tumor effects in mice.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.34-36
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• 1985

Korea is an endemic area of chronic hepatitis in the world. Liver cirrhosis and liver cell carcinoma, presumed to be related to such chronic hepatitis, are the major causes of death in this country. The purpose of this study is disclosing the sources of chronic hepatitis in Korea establishing its histologic characteristics, disclosing the patterns of progression in chronic hepatitis, delineating its prognosis and finally speculating its etiology. The study group was composed of 183 patients with biopsy-proven acute icteric viral hepaticis, 32 patients with biopsy- proven anicteric hepatitis and 260 patients with biopsy- proven chronic hepatitis. These patients submitted to long-term follow-up by means of liver needle biopsy and/or clinicolaboratory evaluation. The period of follow-up ranged from two months to 18 years. The histological features of the initial biopsy specimens of chronic hepatitis permitted a division of the cases cases into the following five types: Type I. Persisting portal hepatitis : so called persisting hepatitis 43 Type II. Chronic inactive hepatitis with incomplete strand septal fibrosis. This type has thin fibrotic septation in addition to Type I with portal sclerosis 38 Type III. Chronic active periportal hepatitis(CAPH) : so called aggressive hepatitis, characterized by marked piecemeal necrosis. This type has been subdivided further into three groups: AB and C on the basis of histologic features. A CAPH without cirrhosis 15 B CAPH with cirrhosis 99 C CAPH with diffuse acinus type parenchymal nodules; characterized by rosette-forming micronodules 21 Type IV. Subacute hepatic necrosis; characterized by multilobular and/or bridging necrosis. 14 Type V. Persisting lobular hepatitis; characterized by spotty necrosis, which looks very similar to acute viral hepatitis. Such histologic changes should be persisted for more than six months 30 In Korea the main source of chronic hepatitis is the anicteric type. Of the chronic hepatitis observed in the hospital, Type IIIb was the most frequent in its incidence and occasionally exhibited development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the mortality was highest in Type IIIc during the period of follow-up. Histologic characteristics of these five types suggest a spectrum of chronic hepatitis in Korea from an early and mild stage to advanced and fatal cirrhosis, which is occasionally associated with primary hepatic cell carcinoma. It seems that Type IV can be followed by flare-up of various stages of acute and chronic hepatitis with HBsAg and that many cases of liver cirrhosis prevalent in Korea occur through such an active process of Type IV. The etiology is not established, but in Korea it is mainly related to HBsAg.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

유기질 문화재 보존 천연 살생물제 개발을 위한 후보물질 조사를 위해 국내 자생하는 11종 수목을 대상으로 각 수목 메탄올 추출물의 9종 목재오염균과 궐련벌레 성충에 대한 항진균 및 살충활성을 조사하였다. 항진균 활성은 목재부후균과 표면오염균에 대해 각각 paper disc soaking 방법과 feeder strip 방법으로 측정되었다. 그 결과, 수목 중 황벽(Phellodendron amurense) 메탄올 추출물은 5 mg/disc에서 Coniophora puteana, Lentinus lepideus, Tyromyces palustris 그리고 Aspergillus niger에 대해 우수한 항균활성을 나타냈다. 또한, 수목 메탄올 추출물의 살충활성은 topical application 방법에 의해 측정되었으며 특히 주목(Taxus cuspidata)과 전나무(Abies holophylla) 메탄올 추출물을 궐련벌레 성충에 25 ${\mu}g$/adult의 농도로 24시간 처리했을 때 56.7%의 치사율을 보였다. 위의 결과로부터 주목과 전나무 그리고 황벽 메탄올 추출물은 각각 충과 목재오염균에 의해 야기되는 생물학적 열화에 대한 유기질 문화재 보존을 위해 유용하게 사용가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2008

긴털이리응애와 점박이응애에 대하여 fluacrypyrim, cyflumetofen과 spiromesifen의 권장사용농도로 상대독성을 시험하였다. Fluacrypyrim과 cyflumetofen은 점박이응애보다 긴털이리응애의 자성충에 대하여 독성이 매우 낮았으며, 이들 두 살비제를 처리한 긴털이리응애 암컷성충은 무처리에 비해 $88{\sim}93%$의 산란수를 나타내었다. Fluacrypyrim과 cyflumetofen의 처리는 긴털이리응애 난의 부화나 생존 유 약충의 발육에 영향이 없었으며, 유 약충의 $92{\sim}96%$가 성충으로 우화하였다. Spiromesifen은 시험농도에서 긴털이리응애 암컷성충의 생존율과 산란수에는 큰 영향이 없었으나, 유충에는 100%의 치사율을 나타내었다. Fluacrypyrim과 cyflumetofen을 처리한 먹이를 섭식한 긴털이리응애 자성충은 생존율과 산란수에 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한 이들 살비제를 처리한 먹이를 포식한 긴털이리응애의 유 약충도 성충 우화율에 실질적인 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 긴털이리응애의 암컷성충과 발육태에 영향이 적게 나타난 fluacrypyrim과 cyflumetofen은 점박이응애의 종합관리체계에서 긴털이리응애와 함께 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1998

실내와 망실에서 배추좀나방에 대하여 높은 살충력을 보인 백강균 CS-1의 포장에서의 방제효과를 검정하였다. 1.5% 실험용 대두유, 4% 점토, $4{\times}10^{7}$ conidia/ml이 함유된 포자현탄액을 0.55 L/3.3 $m^{2}$의 양으로 살포하였으며 살포된 양이 배추간 또는 유충간에 큰 차이 없이 균등하게 살포되었음을 water-sensitive paper 실험으로 확인하였다. 포장실험 중 기상조건은 살포 후 2일째부터 이틀간 비온 후 덥고 건조하였으며 잎과 유충표면에서의 포자 지속성은 주위환경에 의하여 많이 단축됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 불리한 환경조건에서도 본 균주는 약 54%의 방제효과를 보여주었다. 따라서 본 실험을 통하여 백강균 CS-1을 이용한 미생물살충제의 개발 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다.