• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.575-582
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• 1996

Molipteryx fuliginosa (Uhler, 1860) is a plant juice sucker which feeds on new tips of Rubus oldhami Miquel and Zelkowa serrata Makino, and it has a strong preference for teses two plants in Korea. M. fuliginosa has one generation a year and hibernates as a young adult. Most of the winter survivors emerge in early May. It is the first time their host plants were found and reported. Females mainly lay their eggs one by one separately on the leaves of R. oldhami, and even on the steel wire, the lid guaze and the ground in the laboratory. Nymphs do not gather, but stay on the hatching site, Nymphs except the non-feeding first instar feed on young shoots. From the second to the fifth instar nymphs migrate to the upper part of the shoot and congregate in part on an expanded leaf. The new adults first appeared on 11 August, and remained in the host plant, and fed on until mid October. The duration of the hatching and molting, and the survivorship curve based on the laboratory rearing were determined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.861-864
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• 2008

Twenty eight bacterial strains were isolated and identified from human oral cavities. These strains were identified as genus 9 Moraxella, 2 Neisseria, 1 Proteus, 6 Bacillus, 5 Staphylococcus, 3 Branhamella and 2 Enterobacter. Two genuses are Gram-positive and four genuses are Gram-negative. In order to search for antimicrobial substances from natural plants, twenty one plant materials being made of perilla leaf as well as spices including garlic and ginger were used. The effects of these plant juices on the growth of oral bacterial strains were investigated. Only garlic juice inhibited the growth of seventeen bacterial strains belonging to 6 kinds of genus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.155-158
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• 1999

Several biological activities of extracts from roots of Cichorium intybus Linne (Compositae) were studied in this paper. The antiinflammatory activity of the methanol extract of this root was investigated against carrageenin induced edema in rat‘s hind paw. Significant inhibitory effects were observed at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg and were compared with aspirin as a control. The hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract, ethylacetate and butanol fraction were studied on mice whose livers are damaged by $CCl_4$. The serum transaminase activities (ALT, AST) were reduced at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg of the methanol extract, 500 mg/kg of ethylacetate and butanol fraction, respectively. The bile juice secretion was also increased significantly from each fraction. The antidiabetic activity was examined on strepto-zotocin-induced diabetic rats with methanol extract. Methanol extract gave a significant reduction of blood glucose levels in 1 week and 3 weeks.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2008

The bark of Careya arborea Roxb. (Barringtoniacae) is used against various disorders in Indian systems of medicine, namely astringent, anthelmintic, in tumors, dyspepsia, colic, bronchitis, urinary discharges, piles, lecucoderma, skin diseases, epileptic fits, diarrhoea. The juice of the fresh bark with honey is given as a demulcent in coughs and colds, infusion of the fresh bark is used to treat snake bite by applying to the bitten part and also taken internally. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the bark sample using light and confocal microscopy, WHO recommended physico-chemical determinations and authentic phytochemical procedures. The physico-chemical, morphological and histological parameters presented in this paper may be proposed as parameters to establish the authenticity of C. arborea bark and may possibly help to differentiate the drug from its other allied species.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2008

Saxifraga stolonifera (Saxifragaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant growing in Korea, China, Japan and Russia. The aerial part has been used as herbal medicine for treatment of pneumonia, frostbite, inflammation and microbial infection. In this study, fresh juice and methanol extract were prepared from the aerial part of S. stolonifera, and their antimicrobial, antithrombin, and antioxidant activity were evaluated, respectively. The fresh juice showed weak antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Candida albicans with ignorable DPPH scavenging activity. But, the methanol extract showed strong antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$ of $37.5{\mu}g/mL$) with minor, broad-range antimicrobial activity. Antithrombin activities were not observed in fresh juice and extract, up to 1.5 mg/mL. Sequential organic solvent fractionation of methanol extract showed that $IC_{50}s$ of ethylacetate and the butanol fraction were 6.9 and $7.8{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, that is comparable with vitamin C or butylated hydroxytoluene. Analysis of component in extract and fractionates suggested that the antioxidants in fractions are diverse and the active substances have glycosylated phenolic structure. Our results suggest that the aerial part of S. stolonifera could be used as the natural source of potential antioxidant.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.365-372
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• 2002

The mineral medicines mean a sort of mineral or rock for medical treatment and natural material using their chemical components and physical properties. In this study, it was apprehended the mineralogical characteristics of As-bearing group mineral medicines. The extraction test is an vitro test system for predicting the bioavailability of the major and minor elements from mineral medicines and incorporates gastrointestinal tract parameters representative of a human(including stomach and small intestinal pH, stomach mixing time and velocity). The results of the extraction test are used for reaction path modeling in human body. Reaction path modeling in human body can predict digestion with gastric juice as well as bioavailability, speciation. Also, it can predict accumulation of arsenic as pH condition. As the results of the extraction test for digestion, the amounts of Fe extraction was the highest, followed by As, Ca, Ni. In addition, as the results of the reaction path modeling between arsenic compounds and gastric juice using thermodynamic data, when absorbed, major species are followed by H₃As₃S/sub 6/(aq), As₃S/sub 6/ (aq), AsO/sup +/, H₂As₃S/sup 6-/, H₂AsO/sup 3-/, HAs₃S6/sup 2-/, HAsO/sub 3//sup 2-/ and AsO/sub 3//sup 3-/. Specifically the concentration of H₃As₃S/sub 6/(aq) is the highest. As pH increases, the concentration of H₂AsO/sup 3-/, HAsO/sub 3//sup 2-/, HAsO/sub 3//sup 3-/, HAs₃S/sub 6//sup 2-/, H₂As₃S/sup 6-/, and H₃As₃S/sub 6/ increases, whereas the concentration of H₃As₃S/sub 6/ and AsO/sup +/ decreases. On the results of this study, it is able to find out effective and toxic components of poisonous arsenic group of mineral medicines and expected to be widely used for the development of new medicines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1527-1527
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• 2001

Glucose, fructose and sucrose being the main sugars that can be found in natural fruit juice. Many instrumental methods, such as GC, LC, electrochemical or spectrometric methods provide information about both the total content of sugars and the specific concentration of each carbohydrate[1]. The simplicity of sample handling and measurement in the near IR(NIR) wavelength region, which allows the use of long pathlength, optical glass cells and optical fibers, makes NIR a good alternative for sugar determination [2]. In the present study, six varieties of persian grapes were harvested at intervals through august to october and analysed for sugars by NIR. The results were processed by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Sample juice was prepared by squeezing through gauze from crashed grape. This solution was treated by zinc ferrocyanide prior to analysis in order to eliminate colored compounds and all optically active nonsugar substances. For glucose and fructose the most characteristic wavelengths were 1456nm corresponding to the first harmonic O-H stretching and the second at 2062nm corresponding to O-H stretching and deformation; secondary characteristic combination bands were also seen at 2265 nm (O-H and C-C stretching) and at 2240 nm (C-H and C-C stretching). However these spectra were taken over a wavelength range from 1100-2500nm at room temperature of 25-$30^{\circ}C$. To test the accuracy of the described procedure, samples of six varieties of grape were analysed by the proposed NIR and a standard method[2]. Good agreement were found between these two sets of the results. To perform the recovery studies , samples of grape juices previously analysed by the proposed method, were spiked with known amounts of each individual sugars and then analysed again. Relative standard deviations varied from 1.4 to 1.8% for six independent measurements of individual and total sugar concentration. In the analysis of real and synthetic samples, precise and accurate results were obtained , providing accuracy errors lower than 1.9% in all cases. Average recoveries of ${97}{\pm}{4%}$ for total sugar and between ${95}{\pm}{5%}$ and ${99}{\pm}{2%}$ for sing1e sugars demonstrate the applicability of the methodology developed to the direct analysis of grape Juice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.569-576
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative, nitrite-scavenging, alcohol-metabolizing, and anti-inflammatory effects of black-cherry tomato juice (BCTJ) on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The total phenol content of the BCTJ was $156.83{\mu}g\;tannic-acid-equivalent/ml$. The antioxidative effects of BCTJ were measured using DPPH radical-scavenging activity and SOD-like assay. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of BCTJ was increased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) and was 83.39% at 40%. SOD-like activity of BCTJ was 22.01% at 100%. The effects of BCTJ on alcohol-metabolism were determined by measuring generations of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH activities were 198.87% and 181.89% at 40%, respectively. Nitric scavenging activities of BCTJ were 85.06%, 58.25%, and 43.68% at pH values 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0, respectively, at 50%. Anti-inflammatory effects were examined in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric-oxide production was reduced to 83.55% by the addition of BCTJ at 10%. These results suggest that black-cherry tomato juice has great potential as a resource for natural health products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1063-1072
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• 2011

This study analyzed the functional components and antioxidant activities of pomegranate juice and pomegranate husk, endocarp and seed extracts by comparing Korean and Iranian pomegranates. Korean pomegranate husk (KPH) had the highest total polyphenol content among the pomegranate extracts, and total phytoestrogen content was highest in Korean pomegranate endocarp (KPE). Iranian pomegranate endocarp (IPE) and Iranian pomegranate husk (IPH) showed the highest flavonoid levels. Overall, Korean pomegranate had more functional components than those in Iranian pomegranate. KPE had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase like-activity among all of the extracts, and KPH had the highest nitrite scavenging activity. IPE showed the highest superoxide anion scavenging activity. The ABTS$^+$ assay also indicated that IPH had the highest antioxidant activities. This study also showed that the more total polyphenols, flavonols, and phytoestrogens the pomegranate contained, the higher antioxidant activities. A positive correlation was observed between total polyphenol, flavonol and phytoestrogen levels and antioxidant activities. Korean pomegranates contained more functional components and had higher antioxidant activity than those of Iranian pomegranates. Additionally, pomegranate endocarp and seed extracts were better than pomegranate juice in terms of functional components and antioxidant activity. These results suggest that pomegranate husk, endocarp and seed extracts as well as pomegranate juice may have value as natural antioxidants with their high quality functional components and antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1997

The germination inhibitory effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium Linne) pulp were discussed. The germination inhibitory effects of pulp juice were decreased in a concentration dependent manner. When the pulp juice was diluted 0 (original juice), 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 times, the radicle lengths of the assay plant, Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis Linne), showed 0, 0.32, 0.72, 3.13, 4.83, 16.07, 16.73 and 23.50 mm, respectively (CK=25.98 mm). The pulp evidently inhibited the embryo growth in natural fruit. The longer was the duration that the pulp stayed around the seed, the longer was the time course needed for embryo getting free from the inhibitory effects of pulp. When the depulping was performed on the day 0, 15, 30 and 60 after harvest, the time courses needed for embryo extricating the residual inhibitory effects from pulp were 30, 75, 135 and 135 days, respectively. Moreover, if the pulp stayed around the seed with time, that would make the seed rotten ratio increase. When the pulp stayed around the seed for 0, 15, 30, 60 and 270 days, the seed rotten ratios were 5.47, 5.71, 19.05, 27.14 and 33.33%, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that the pulp could be included in the inhibitory components which made American ginseng seed get into dormancy.