• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.28-55
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• 2010

천연기념물의 명칭 부여 및 지정 물량을 포함한 현재의 천연기념물 관련 체계는 일제강점기에 도입된 '조선보물고적명승천연기념물보존령' (1934)을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 이에 따른 골격이 지금까지 그대로 통용되고 있다는 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 당산숲 비보숲은 우리나라 농어촌의 숲문화를 대표하는 전통문화자원이며 국가적 문화자산이다. 천연기념물을 포함한 당산숲 비보숲을 논할 때 천연기념물 등에서 사용하는 "명칭", "분류 체계" 등에 대해서 문화재청에서조차, '조선의임수(朝鮮の林藪)' (1938)라는 일제의 조사보고서에 실린 내용에 전적으로 의존하고 있다는 것이 근본적인 문제점이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 일제가 1938년에 '완도 예송리 당산숲'을 '례송리상녹수림(禮松里常綠樹林)'이라고 이름을 붙인 후, 현재까지도 우리 농어촌의 당산숲 비보숲을 천연기념물 등으로 지정할 때, 해안가의 경우 대부분 일제가 한 방식대로 '~상록수림'이라는 명칭을 그대로 따르고 있다는 것이 대표적인 예이다. 본 논문의 목적은 천연기념물 제도의 출발점인 일제강점기의 '조선의임수(朝鮮の林藪)' 등 일본 자료에 대한 문제점을 고찰하고, '조선의임수(朝鮮の林藪)' 등의 논리를 우리의 당산숲 비보숲 등에 여과 없이 적용시키고 있는 현 상황을 개선하는 방안을 찾고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 천연기념물로 지정된 수림지, 노거수 중에서 당산제를 지내는 당산숲이 있는 18개소를 선정하여 조사, 분석하였다. 결과로서, 천연기념물로 지정된 많은 수림지, 노거수 중에서 그것이 당산숲, 당산나무라면 "~당산숲", "~당산숲과 비보숲", "~당산나무"라는 명칭을 일관성 있게 부여해야 할 필요가 있다는 것을 제안하고자 한다. 이러한 조치가 이루어지면 일제강점기에 도입된 천연기념물 제도의 한계를 극복하는 출발점이 시작될 수 있으며, 우리나라 전통조경 양식 및 문화경관으로서의 당산숲에 대한 위상이 제고될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in facilities of natural recreation forests developed by public and private body to answer the research that what is the difference in development of natural recreation forest between public and private developer\ulcorner After reviewing the literatures, developer's decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, we had constructed th conceptual framework and have found the hypothesis of this research. Using data on development status of natural recreation forests and questionnaire surveying of 625 visitors from 9 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea, We analyzed the data through the comparison of quantity of facilities per 1000 visitors and logistic regression method for quality of facilities. We have found that 1) the six facilities have been turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of public and private recreation forests. i.e., infrastructure including roads, maintenance and information and lodging and evacuation, indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, 2) public recreation forests are well equipped such basic facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation while private recreation forests are well equipped such facility as indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, and 3) the importance of such facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation, outdoor education, and shopping have been turned out to have 1.99, 2.26, 1.99, 3.01 and 2.24 times more important than that of indoor education, respectively. We can conclude that public recreation forest seems to be equipped with the facilities for sound recreational opportunities for general public, and private recreation forest turned out to have more facilities for pursuit of profits, installed basic facilities for user convenience and service, and special facilities for attracting user and raising revenue. Using the results of this research, we can make a guideline for a market positioning, and standards and provisions of natural recreation forests. We suggest that the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation facility is needed to be examined in the future research.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2009

자연휴양림이 도입된지 20년이 지나는 동안 휴양림마다의 특징성이 부각되어 각각의 휴양림이 가진 개성이 있음에도 불구하고 자연휴양림의 유형에 대한 분류가 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 자연휴양림의 공급적 측면과 이용적 측면을 고려한 유형분류를 실시하여 유형에 따른 효율적인 자연휴양림 운영관리 또는 자연휴양림에 관한 연구 시 연구지 선정의 기초 자료로서의 제공에 그 목적이 있다. 자연휴양림 유형분류를 위한 방법으로는 자연휴양림 유형분류를 위한 최적의 변수로 생각되는 항목들을 선정하기 위한 전문가 설문을 실시하여 전국 자연휴양림을 대상으로 현황설문조사를 실시하였다. 공통성 추출을 위한 요인분석 결과, 4개 요인으로 구분되어 각각의 명명을 변수의 속성과 크기에 따라 이용실적 지표요인, 교육적 지표요인, 내부 활동적 지표요인, 수용 잠재적 지표요인으로 명명하였다. 그리고 추출된 요인점수를 통하여 $85{\times}4$행렬의 군집분석을 시도하였다. 그 결과 5개 군집으로 최종 유형이 분류되었다. 본 연구를 통한 결과는 유형별 휴양림 운영방안 및 관리의 기초자료로 제공되어질 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 향후 자연휴양림의 조사지에 대한 선정 시 기초자료로 참고할 수도 있을 것이며, 또한 전국 자연휴양림의 유형을 제시함으로써 향후 휴양림 적지 선정에 있어서도 기초자료로 제공될 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.439-450
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• 1997

The potential natural vegtation of the Pukhansan National Park area, mid-western Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the park area was made on a scale of 1:25, 000, including fourteen communities. By the analyses of the species diversity, the age structure, the human interferences and various informations on vegetation changes, two pathways of late stage succession from Pinus densiflora forests to the climatic climax were suggested. One is from Quercus serrata forests to Q. mongolica forests throughout the mountain and the other, from Q. variabilis or Q. acutissima forests to Carpinus laxiflora forests in lower parts. Considering the vegetation changes, the potential natural vegetation of the park area mainly composed of Q. mongolica, C. laxiflora, P. densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest as the climatic and/or edaphic climax was inferred.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권2호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 국립자연휴양림이 지역경제에 미치는 경제적 파급효과를 지역산업연관분석에 적용하여 자연휴양림의 조성 정책의 타당성을 확인할 수 있는 전략적 수단을 발굴하고자 시도되었다. 지역산업연관분석은 한국은행(2009)에서 발표된 지역산업연관표를 활용하여 자연휴양림의 생산, 소득, 부가가치, 고용파급의 승수효과 분석을 통하여 지역내(內)와 지역외(外) 경제적 유발효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 하나의 국립자연휴양림이 지역에 미치는 경제적 파급효과는 지역내(內)에서 연간 생산파급은 3,380백만원, 소득파급 328백만원, 부가가치파급은 1,017백만원, 고용파급은 22명인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 지역외(外)에 미치는 연간 생산파급은 687백만원, 소득파급은 85백만원, 부가가치파급은 245백만원, 고용파급은 6명인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_3호
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• pp.1399-1414
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• 2018

자연림은 산림의 조성 과 보육 등에 인공적인 사람의 힘이 가해지지 않은 자연 상태의 산림이다. 반면 인공림은 사람이 조성 및 보육관리 하는 숲으로 목재생산, 자연재해 예방, 방풍 등의 목적을 가지는 산림이다. 인공림은 목재생산 등 인간이 목적을 가지고 관리하여 단위 면적당 더 많은 목재를 생산할 수 있는 경제적 장점도 가지고 있다. 자연림과 인공림의 구분은 산림 형태의 관리 방법과 목정이 상이하여 산림조사에서 기본적으로 조사하는 요소이며, 자연림과 인공림의 구분은 항공사진 판독과 현지조사 등의 절차를 통해 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 자연림과 인공림의 분류에 KOMPSAT-3, 3A, 5 위성 영상데이터에 인공신경망(Artificial Neural Network: ANN)을 적용하여 자연림과 인공림의 분류도를 만들고, 산림청의 1/5,000임상도의 자연림과 인공림 분류도와 비교하여 평가하였다. 인공신경망을 이용한 산림의 자연림과 인공림 구분의 연구를 진행한 결과, 1/5,000 임상도와 비교했을 때, 학습결과 분류 전체 정확도는 77.03%이다. 영상의 획득 시기와 산림의 침엽수와 활엽수 등 기타요인이 인공신경망을 이용한 산림의 인공림과 자연림의 구분에 많은 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2003

This study researches attributes , behaviors , satisfaction factors and degrees of curiosity of visitors to recreational forests in the suburbs of a large city. It aims to present suggestions for urban forest development and management policy by offering basic data which help to plan, design and manage recreational forests to increase the quality of these environments. The results are as follows First, in attribute, the visiting rate of males is higher than that of females, and the main users are in their thirties and forties. Sixty percent of visitors graduated from university and their rate of employment is evenly distributed. 95 percent of visitors are residents of the metropolitan area. In terms of behavior, major visitors are family units visiting during summer seasons and for overnight stays. 75% are re-visitors. 85% of visitors came to escape the city with families and friends, keep in good health and experience nature. Second, to extract the factors affecting visitor satisfaction in recreational forests, the natural environment, facilities, and management/use systems were identified as independent variables, while subordinate satisfactions were dependent variables. so regression analysis was used. Thus, the variables affecting the natural environment are quality of water, stream use, biodiversity, fresh air and landscape factors. The variables affecting facilities are puking, convenience, play facilities, sanitary arrangement and camping. Most important among the variables affecting management/use systems are educational facilities and access condition. On the basis of generalizing the study in the existing individual site, we must verify the visiting characteristics in recreational forests in the suburbs of a large city. Since development of recreational forests is understood as a sequence considering a site and a given condition, and since management and improvement must unfold according to these characteristics, a strategy is needed to reveal visitors' opinions about the site. Depending on the facilities and service, satisfaction of recreational forests is generally influenced by social and economic qualities. Also, this study can look into the effect according to use pattern motive and season. As suburban recreational forests have many overnight-users and younger men, programs suitable for these groups are needed. On the basis of variables affecting satisfaction according to natural environment, facilities, and use system, policies which can manage the natural environment and introduce educational programs are needed.

• 농촌계획
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is on identifying the restoration guidelines of supplementary village grove and villageside forest in case of Neunggil village in Jinan county of Korea. These forests were managed very well before industrialization by village residents in order to obtain fuels and organic fertilizers traditionally. But recently, these forests were abandoned by using natural gas, oil and chemical fertilizer. Therefore, species diversity of these forests was downward and traditional rural landscape was lost. Accordingly, this study suggested the restoration guidelines of these forests through restoring the relationship between man and nature. For this, vegetation map was made by quadrat method. And management guidelines of these forests were suggested by the analysis of vegetation map. Also, for the restoration of supplementary village grove, Miyawiki professor's method of Yokohama university through introducing potential natural vegetation was suggested.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.24-24
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• 2018

Degraded plantation forests are increasing because of unfavorable forestry conditions prevailing in Japan, including falling timber prices, increasing operational costs, and aging and declining forestry workforce. To remedy this situation, appropriate management strategy is required. This study introduces the challenges of Odai Town, Mie Prefecture that employed a new management strategy by evaluating site suitability for conifer forests and that proposes a new forest management regime of planting deciduous trees in unsuitable sites. The site suitability for conifer forests was evaluated from two aspects: the natural site conditions and the relationship among site conditions, growth, and damage by Anaglyptus subfasciatus Pic. in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. Et Zucc. forests. By analyzing the relationship among site conditions, growth, and insect damage based on field data obtained in plantation forests, growth evaluation and insect damage evaluation maps were developed. Based on the natural forest investigation, natural site condition maps for C. japonica and C. obtusa were established. Furthermore, by integrating these evaluation maps with the forest road maps showing the accessibility to the forest, the forest management regime for the whole plantation area of Odai Town was established. The forest management regime map indicates the sites suitable for forestry: suitable for long-rotation, short-rotation, and potential sites for short-rotation. The sites unsuitable for forestry were considered to be more suitable for broadleaved forests. Clear-cutting was conducted in a small area and different seral stage saplings (approximately 20 deciduous tree species) suitable to the site conditions were planted in an area of $80-120m^2$ protected by deer-fences. This might establish a forest composed of many species with a multilayer vertical forest structure in a short period. The planted saplings were distributed neither randomly nor uniformly to reflect the natural distribution of trees in the forest. A challenge to develop new products using the deciduous trees has started, such as wood chips for preparing smoked food, essential oil, and deodorizer. As these challenges have just begun, their effects on enhancing sustainable resource management are still being monitored. Even with the challenges, this regime can be of high value as a management strategy to remedy the situation of expansion of degraded forests in Japan.