• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.532-541
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• 2022

Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is verified as a strong risk factor and negative prognostic factor for prostate cancer in several genetically engineered mice although it was not examined in the normal mice. To investigate whether HFD-induced obesity can affect the development and progression of cancer in the prostate of normal mice, alterations in the weight and histological structure of the prostate as well as the expression of cancer-related proteins were analyzed in obese C57BL/6N mice fed with 60% HFD for 16 weeks. First, HFD-induced obesity, including an increase in organ weight, body weight, fat accumulation, and serum lipid profile, was successfully induced in C57BL/6N mice after HFD treatment. The total weight of the prostate significantly increased HFD-induced obesity in the model mice compared with the control group. Among the four lobes of the prostate, the weight of the ventral prostate (VP) and anterior prostate (AP) were higher in HFD-induced obesity model mice than in the control group, although the weights of the lateral prostate (DLP) and seminal vesicle (SV) were constantly maintained. In addition, the incidences of hyperplasia and non-hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the histological structure were remarkably increased in HFD-induced obesity model mice, while the epithelial thickness was higher in the same group. A significant increase in the phosphorylation levels of key proteins in the AKT (protein kinase B) signaling pathway was detected in HFD-induced obesity model mice. Therefore, these results suggest that HFD-induced obesity can promote hyperplasia and NHL in the prostates of C57BL/6N mice through the activation of the AKT signaling pathway.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2016

In this work, the influence of milled carbon fiber direction on mechanical properties of milled carbon fibers/carbon blacks/natural rubber compounds was investigated. The compounds were prepared by adding the 6 phr milled carbon fibers (MCFs) and 40 phr carbon blacks (CBs) into the natural rubber. The MCFs were aligned in a parallel and orthogonal direction in the compounds using two-roll-mill machine. Mechanical properties of compounds were studied by tensile characteristics and tearing strength. As a result, the compounds showed higher tensile strength, 100%~300% modulus, and tearing strength than those of using any other compounds due to the aligning MCFs in parallel. Mechanical properties of the compounds reinforced with non-aligned MCFs were inferior to those of others. Consequently, the parallel aligned MCFs in the compounds led to an increase of tensile properties and improvement of tearing strength, resulted from MCFs with the high elastic modulus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 1999

The power curve during rubber mixing presents useful information for the understanding of rubber mixing process, because the power curve is determined the mixing state of rubber at the point. The time to the second peak on the power curve is known as carbon black incorporation time, BIT. This study gets the quantity relationship of BIT and viscosity of natural rubber, so by determining the mixing time of the compound on the ground of viscosity of the raw rubber. The mixing with natural rubber and carbon black is examined for various grade natural rubbers, encompassing a wide range of Mooney viscosity. Alter smoothing the mixing power curve using a polynomial, the carbon black incorporation time, BIT, was determined time to second power peak on the curve, The BIT's versus specific values on Mooney viscometer test curve show a linear relation, Especially, the peak of initial maximum torque on Mooney viscometer curve, PMT, is most relevant property relating to the BIT. PMT is useful index for determined optimum mixing time, To apply this results at the mixing, we effectively control the natural rubber mixing but can also know the grading of natural rubber upon processability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.100-108
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• 1989

The frequency equation and numerical process of natural frequencies for several boundary conditions of L-type folded plate given to the different thickness and lenth are derived by using Rayleigh-Ritz method in this study. Those natural frequencies are attaind by choosing the proper eigenfunction for boundary conditions of x-direction and y-direfction beams, by considering the convergence of numerical results.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

Let {X, $X_{n}, n\;{\geq}\;1$} be a sequence of identically distributed, negatively associated (NA) random variables and assume that $│X│^{r}$, r > 0, has a finite moment generating function. A strong law of large numbers is established for weighted sums of these variables.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.71-75
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• 2016

The English language listening environment in Korea nowadays is situated in a quiet and artificial state rather than one of natural exposure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of convergence for pronunciation and listening activities using English advertisements. A survey sample of 40 students was chosen for this study. These 40 students successfully answered the questionnaire and took a 3 hour English course as an elective. Pre and post surveys tests were done for listening ability and learning interests. For the listening tests, TOEIC L.C. test were used and survey questions about interests made by Sunhee Park were revised to be proper used. The results of this study show a positive impact on TOEIC listening ability and that students are able to listen and naturally pronounce more successfully through convergence using English advertisements with higher learning motivation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2011

The NDIF method(non-dimensional dynamic influence function method) for free vibration analysis of arbitrarily shaped plates with the simply supported edge is newly developed in the paper. In order to extract the system matrix that gives the natural frequencies and natural modes of the plate of interest, the difficulty of measuring higher differential terms involved in the simply supported boundary condition is successfully overcome. Finally, the excellence of the characteristics of convergence and accuracy of the proposed method is shown through two verification examples, which indicate that natural frequencies and natural modes obtained by the proposed method are very accurate and swiftly converged even though a small number of nodes are used compared with FEM.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.92-98
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• 2024

The current software industry has an emerging issue with natural language-based requirement specifications. However, the accuracy of such requirement analysis remains a concern. It is noted that most errors still occur at the requirement specification stage. Defining and analyzing requirements based on natural language has become necessary. To address this issue, the linguistic theories of Chomsky and Fillmore are applied to the analysis of natural language-based requirements. This involves identifying the semantics of morphemes and nouns. Consequently, a mechanism was proposed for extracting object state designs and automatically generating code templates. Building on this mechanism, I suggest generating natural language-based comic images. Utilizing state diagrams, I apply changes to the states of comic characters (protagonists) and extract variations in their expressions. This introduces a novel approach to comic image generation. I anticipate highly productive comic creation by applying software processes to Cartoon ART.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2005

In order to resolve a common numerical integration inaccuracy of meshfree methods, we introduce an improved natural clement method called Petrov-Galerkin natural element method(PG-NEM). While Laplace basis function is being taken for the trial shape function, the test shape function in the present method is differently defined such that its support becomes a union of Delaunay triangles. This approach eliminates the inconsistency of tile support of integrand function with the regular integration domain, and which preserves both simplicity and accuracy in the numerical integration. In this paper, the validity of the PG-NEM is verified through the representative benchmark problems in 2-d linear elasticity. For the comparison, we also analyze the problems using the conventional Bubnov-Galerkin natural element method(BG-NEM) and constant strain finite clement method(CS-FEM). From the patch test and assessment on convergence rate, we can confirm the superiority of the proposed meshfree method.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2013

We are interested in the rate of convergence of solutions of 2D Navier-Stokes equations in a smooth bounded domain as the viscosity tends to zero under Navier friction condition. If the initial velocity is smooth enough($u{\in}W^{2,p}$, p>2), it is known that the rate of convergence is linearly propotional to the viscosity. Here, we consider the rate of convergence for nonsmooth velocity fields when the gradient of the corresponding solution of the Euler equations belongs to certain Orlicz spaces. As a corollary, if the initial vorticity is bounded and small enough, we obtain a sublinear rate of convergence.