• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2015

Fructooligosaccharides have been mainly produced by microbial fructosyltransferases (FTase) enzymes. The present work focuses on the optimization of medium composition and cultivation parameters affecting FTase produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum AUMC 5605 in shake flask cultivation. FTase production was optimized in two steps using DeMeo's fractional factorial design. A 1.46-fold increase in FTase production (105.4 U/mL) was achieved using the optimized culture medium consisting of (g/L): sucrose, 600; yeast extract, 10; $K_2HPO_4$, 5; $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.5; $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 1.0 and KCl, 0.5. The obtained results showed that the maximum FTase enzyme activity was produced at initial cultivation pH values ranging from 6.0-6.5, at agitation speed of 200 rpm and using vegetative fungal cells as inoculum. Moreover, results showed that optimization of medium composition and some cultivation parameters resulted in an increase of about 93.7% in the enzyme activity than the nonoptimized cultivation conditions after 96 h of cultivation. Additionally, maximum production and specific production rates recorded 2340 U/L/h and 102 U/L/h/g cells, respectively.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2011

This study was investigated seasonal variation and species composition of fish species at artificial reefs (octangle three-stage compartment type and dice type)and natural rock in the Shinyang-Ri coastal waters off Jeju Island with visual census method in January 2009, April 2009, July 2009, September 2009, December 2009, March 2010, June 2010, and September 2010. A total of 44 fish species was occurred, and the dominant fish species were Apogon semilineatus, Chromis notata, Trachurus japonicus, Sebastes thompsoni and Apogon doederleini. The number of individuals of fishes was higher at April 2009 and March 2010, however, lower at June 2010 and September 2010. The number of fish speices was higher at artificial reefs than those of at natural rock. Apogon semilineatus was dominant at octangle three-stage compartment type and the dice type artificial reefs, whereas Chromis notata was for natural rock. These results indicated that artificial reefs were good habitats for a variety of fish species in the Shinyang-Ri coastal waters off Jeju Island.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2018

The purpose of healthcare facility should be user healing and health promotion. However, healthcare facilities have a bigger impact on the natural environment than the general buildings, eventually effecting the health of people globally. 'Environmentally friendliness' is a more important concept in hospitals, not just in technical or mechanical performance but in therapeutic effects on users. Therapeutic environment is closely related to the natural environment. Depending on how the natural environment is drawn into the space, the healing effect of the patients is also increased. Most of the previous studies are statistical and comparative researches that cannot provide theoretical basis of architectural planning. Therefore, architectural research on the composition of architectural space and nature is needed. In this study, we categorize 16 types of relation between architectural space and nature, and based on this, analyze the present situation of 7 regional public hospitals' 33 spaces, and provide theoretical background and guideline for therapeutic space.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.901-910
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount (i.e., retention volume) and chemical composition of Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) across different sites in a temperate forest. The three forest sites that were considered include riparian zones (site 1), streams (site 2), and densely-canopied areas (site 3). From May to October 2021, a mini pump was used to measure the collected NVOCs. These measurements were conducted once a month, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am; these times encompass peak visitation times. In the tree layers of the site 1 and 2, Quercus acuta was dominant, whereas Camellia japonica dominated their subtree layers. On the other hand, the tree layer of site 3 was dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii, whereas Camellia japonica dominated its subtree layer. The retention volume and chemical composition of NVOCs was as follows: benzaldehyde (107.528ppm), α-pinene (37.868ppm), linalool (16.258ppm), eucalyptol (14.818ppm), and sabinene hydrate (14.679ppm). In particular, the retention volume of benzaldehyde decreased as temperature increased. In contrast, the retention volume of α-pinene increased as the temperature increased. The differences in forest topography across the studies sites were in the following order: riparian area> forest area> stream area.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.343-352
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• 1996

The biosynthesis of phospholipid and the composition of fatty acid were analyzed in mitochondria isolated from Chlorella ellipsoidea treated with carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, raffinose) during the culture. The growth of Chlorella and total lipid contents in mitochondria treated with various carbon sources was increased to compare with the control. When Chlorella mitochondria was treated with various carbon sources, four kinds of phospholipid were increased predominantly. The major fatty acids utilized for the biosynthesis of the phospholipid were analyzed linoleic acid (average 25.18%) and stearic acid (average 10.52%) in the control. But, it was shown that the major fatty acids in Chlorella mitochondria treated with glucose were stearic acid (average 30.93%), palmitic acid (average 17.47%) and stearic acid (average 20.31%), linoleic acid (average 16.68%) in sucrose treatment and oleic acid (average 17.17%), palmitic acid (average 15.64%) in raffinose treatment.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2012

천연색소를 이용한 천연 색조화장품 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자, 15종의 천연색소를 사용하여 제조한 화장료 조성물에 대하여 항균활성 및 항산화능을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 6종의 균주 중 Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aspergillus flavus에 대해 대부분의 색소혼합조성물에서 항균활성이 나타나는 것으로 확인되었으며, Proteus vulgaris에서는 다른 균주에 비해 항균활성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 색소종류별로는 자색고구마, 여주, 파프리카, 뽕잎, 지치 등의 색소 조성물에서 다른 색소 조성물에서보다 더 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 또한 DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 양파껍질, 파프리카, 적양배추, 뽕잎, 포도과피, 오디, 레드비트 색소 함유 조성물에서 상대적으로 높은 활성을 보였으며, 아질산염 소거능에 있어서는 특히 pH 1.2에서 적양배추, 포도과피, 오디, 백년초를 제외한 대부분의 색소에서 70% 이상의 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 다양한 천연색소를 이용하여 수행한 본 실험을 통해 천연색소의 높은 항균효과와 항산화능을 확인할 수 있었으며, 향후 이러한 기능성을 활용한 안전한 천연 색조화장품 개발에 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of animal stable manure on the dry matter yield, botanical composition, crude protein content rates, in vitro digestibility and soil characters with treatments, which were divided into cattle manure, swine manure and poultly excreta of 375 and 750kg/lOa, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A comparison made on the grass yield for one year period following the termination of the experiment did not indicate any signification in the yield of dry matter difference between chemical fertilizer treatment and 750kg/10a of organic manure. 2. Botanical composition was not shown an increasing of weed or bare land in organic manure of 375 and 750kg/lOa application during the whole period of growth. 3. Crude protein content and in vitro digestibility were shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure application. 4. Crude protein yield in organic manure of 750kg/10a was not a large difference compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. 5. Soil composition of organic manure had higher than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment, which was shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure. 6. Therefore, It was suggested that the effect of organic manure on dry matter yield, botanical composition was similar to chemical fertilizer treatment and soil composition of organic manure had higher organic matter, available phosphate, potassium and C.E.C than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fungal treated oil palm fronds (FTOPF) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle chemical composition. Methods: Eighteen growing crossbred male goats (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) with $18.7{\pm}2.0kg$ of initial body weight (BW) were stratified and blocked by BW in a randomized complete block design. Three diets containing 30% of oil palm fronds (OPF) either untreated (UOPF) or treated with Lentinussajor-caju (FTOPF) with or without urea (FTOPFU) were used as roughage sources in total mixed rations (TMRs). The diets were offered ad libitum and weight gain was determined. At the end of the experimental period, the harvest data and carcass characteristics of the goats were recorded, and muscular longissimus dorsi composition was determined. Results: No significant effect of fungal treated (FT) inclusion was observed in any of the feed intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics. Likewise, no apparent effects on carcass composition and muscle chemical composition were detected in this study, except for hind leg and chump were affected (p<0.05) by FT inclusion. Conclusion: In conclusion, feeding of fungal (Lentinussajor-caju) treated oil palm frond in TMR diet did not affect performance and carcass characteristics in finishing goats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.92-93
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• 2001

Bacillus sp. KYJ 963, which was isolated from Korean salt-fermented anchovy (anchovy-jeot), produces an extracellular ${\beta}$-amylase. The analysis of the digestion products of substrates by thin layer chromatography from the purified protein revealed that the enzyme could not hydrolyze maltose or ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin. In the amino acid composition analysis, the major characteristic of the ${\beta}$-amylase was the high proportion of amino acids that possess short side chain such as glycine and alanine.