• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.5
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• pp.25-36
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• 1997

The inside of Woldum cave has a complicated configuration with many dynamic aspects. The number of configurations and natural features of the ground discovered up to now is about 20. When we discuss the value of the potential tourism that the cave has, Woldun cave is a lime cave with resourceful value and tourism value, considering the size of cave and excellency of the spectacular sight. In addition, the large stalagmite's file lining in the inside of the cave is a magnificent spectacle. Therefore the Woldun cave, as a lime cave, is very important for tourism level as well as academic ones.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.85
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• pp.18-20
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• 2008

To find out the natural environmental characteristics of Ondal Cave, temperature, humidity, wind speed and water temperature have been investigated. When compared to other caves, in sum, Ondal Cave has shown no significant difference interms of natural environment. Inparticular, Ondal Cave was higher than other limestone caves by 1-2$^{\circ}C$ in terms of water temperature due to high inflow of river water nearby.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.129-133
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• 2000

Different actinomycete strains were isolated from natural lime caves of Ondal Chemongok Hwanseon and Yongyeon which are located at Kangwon or chungcheongbook province in Korea and were identified to the genus level. Soil sam-ples were collected at 6 sites inside and 2 sites outside of each natural lime cave, As the result the strains belonging to genus Streptomyces and rare actinomycetes were isolated at the average of 2.1 and 3.4 strains per g soil on inside cave whereas which were isolated at the 6.0 and 1.8 strains per g soil on outside cave. How-ever the generic distribution of Streptomyces and rare actinomycetes isolated from outside cave was quite dif-ferent from that of inside cave. It was shown that rare actinomycetes at natural lime caves is generally highly abundant than Streptomyces.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.61
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• pp.5-16
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• 2000

Recently many environmental researcher are concerned about the ecological environment and the issue of environmental pollution in cave. In this paper we discuss about air pollution, water pollution, state of water quality, ecological environment and situation of environmental public damage in cave The concerning of air pollution in cave is mainly to the type of secondary contamination, which much is developed in various fields recently. The natural water in the most of cave is no problems but ground water has slitting with natural water during much raining period. The state of water quality is gradually contaminated with artificial environmental pollution, that is, the contents of kinds of Aluminum, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Calcium are higher than before. On the other hand it is very important things to keep the control of constant temperature, darkness and humidity in cave. The contamination by lamp flora and even black colored contamination are appeared nowadays. The ecological environment in cave destructed by growing of mi coorganism. In fact the internal of cave is shielded with the state of climate of cave external but the environment of internal cave is contaminated, because blowing from external climate state. In addition to environmental pollution caused by carbon dioxide and body temperature of tourists. By the way eco-examination of cave is black color public damage, green color one and white color one has been discovered, so we need to have the situation of demand of environmental reservation alternatives.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.84
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• pp.10-21
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• 2008

In order to accumulate the basic informations to assess the scientific and natural values of the Hoe-ok Cave located in Mountain Chi-ak, Seong-nam 2 ri, sin-rim myeon, the natural environments in the cave were investigated from November 2004 to June 2005. The results are as follows; The average temperature in the cave was 2.5$^{\circ}C$ in the winter, 5.5$^{\circ}C$ in the spring, 6.8$^{\circ}C$ in the summer. The average humidity in the cave was 82.5％ in the winter, 86.0％ in the spring, 86.0 in the summer. this results show that the temperature was 10$^{\circ}C$ lower, and the humidity was 4$\sim$10％ lower than those in the Go-su Cave. Inside of the Heo-og Cave, the damages from the garbages and smoke stains by the reckless civilians are expanding. It is necessary to execute the research on the geological facts of the cave and the reassessment on its values in the natural history.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 1996

Ondal cave is the limestone and the cultural asset cave designated as Natural monument NO. 261. Originally after the caves included in cultural assets separately survey the academic, cultural value of the cave, the result must be the academic basis of the cave.(omitted)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.85
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• pp.35-37
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• 2008

It's been confirmed that Ondal Cave has gone through secondary cave formations. The comprehensive geological and regional characteristics of Ondal Cave have been investigated. According to the said investigation, geographical features need to be properly used in considerations for natural characteristics by area, and a passage should be developed.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.85
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• pp.38-40
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• 2008

With regard to Jeju Special Self-governing Province's natural-spa tourist spot development project, this paper has investigated the natural environment of Sehwa-Songdang Lave Region. According to this study, the cave consists of many small caverns with poor cave formations. Due to unfavorable climate conditions in the cave, in addition, hydrological environment is also very poor. In terms of vegetation, the cave shows the general vegetation environment of Jeju.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.367-380
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• 2021

This study evaluated the stability through a three-dimensional numerical analysis method when a natural cave exists under a road in operation in Jeju Island. In order to confirm the geometric and geotechnical characteristics of the Jeju natural cave passing under the road, existing geotechnical survey reports were collected, and were studied the characteristics. In order to evaluate the effect of vehicle vibration loading on the natural cave in Jeju, three-dimensional numerical analysis was performed considering discontinuities. Through this, the stability of roads and caves with respect to vehicle speed and the depth of cover (distance from the road to the top of the natural cave) was evaluated and countermeasures were suggested. In order to secure the long-term stability of the Jeju natural cave that penetrates the lower part of the road, it was evaluated that systematic management such as long-term measurement management, reinforcement measures, and emergency measures would be necessary depending on the depth of the cover.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.85
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• pp.25-27
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• 2008

Ondal Cave is important and significant in terms of cultural value and tourism. In addition, there are abundant historical and cultural resources nearby. If the geographical strength is taken advantage of, the cave would evolve into a great tourist destination and natural education spot. This paper has investigated humanistic environment of Ondal Cave in considerations for the surrounding tourism resources. There are abundant tourism resources around Ondal Cave. However, they are rarely connected with each other. In fact, they are very partially interrelated around Guinsa(temple) only. Furthermore, the number of tourists has gradually decreased. Therefore, it‘s required to further develop tourism programs and surrounding tourism resources.