• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

In vivo clearance of BMS-182874 was primarily due to metabolism via stepwise N-demethylation. Despite in vivo clearance approached ca 50％ of the total liver plasma flow, BMS-182874 was completely bioavailable after oral administration in rats. Saturable first-pass metabolism and the role of extrahepatic tissue were evaluated as possible reasons for complete oral bioavailability despite extensive metabolic clearance. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after an intravenous and a range of oral doses of BMS-182874 in rats. Bile and urine were collected from bile-duct cannulated (BDC) rats and the in vivo metabolic pathways of BMS-182874 were evaluated. Pharmacokinetics of BMS-182874 were also compared in nephrectomized (renally impaired) vs. sham-operated control rats. Oral bioavailability of BMS-182874 averaged 100％, indicating that BMS-182874 was completely absorbed and the first-pass metabolism (liver or intestine) was negligible. The AUC and C/sub max/ values increased dose-proportionally, indicating kinetics were linear within the oral dose range of 13 to 290 mmole/kg. After intravenous administration of BMS-182874 to BDC rats, about 2％ of intact BMS-182874 was recovered in excreta, indicating that BMS-182874 was cleared primarily via metabolism in vivo. The major metabolite circulating in plasma was the mono-N-desmethyl metabolite and the major metabolite recovered in excreta was the di-N-desmethyl metabolite. In vivo clearance of BMS-182874 was significantly reduced in nephrectomized rats. These observations suggest saturable first-pass metabolism is unlikely to be a mechanism for complete oral bioavailability of BMS-182874. Reduced clearance observed in the nephrectomized rats suggests that extrahepatic tissues (e.g., kidneys) may play an important role in the in vivo clearance of xenobiotics that are metabolized via N-demethylation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.119-122
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• 1991

In this paper, a new adaptive IIR notch filter employing all pass filter is proposed. Proposed all pass filter is composed of all pole and all zero sections, each of which utilizes modulation lattice filter [11]. And, adaption algorithm for proposed notch filter is also derived. In addition, the error surface for proposed IIR adaptive notch filter is analyzed. Computer simulation results reveal that the proposed adaptation algorithm works well for low SNR(signal to noise ratio) single and multiple sinusoids. And it is shown that for estimation time varying frequency, the parameter which is related to notch bandwidth is important than any other parameters.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

We proposed a method for embedding coded binary data into EZW bitstreams and extracting embedded data from EZW bitstreams using the traditional EZW decoder. EZW coder have two passes. The first pass, the dominant pass have four symbols, P, N, IZ, ZTR. The second pass is sub-ordinary pass which specifies the value of symbol. In the proposed methods, we use ZTR symbol in the dominant pass. We embed watermark into ZTR symbol in the highest frequency band which original image is transferred by wavelet transform. The proposed digital watermarking method shows good properties for robustness in the low bit rate. Accordingly, based on the proposed digital watermarking, video and 3D image watermarking will become a new area for research in the near future.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.163-166
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• 2005

The Key exchange protocols are very crucial tools to provide the secure communication in the broadband satellite access network. They should be required to satisfy various requirements such as security, Key confirmation, and Key freshness. In this paper, Two authenticated key exchange protocols TPEKE-E(Two Pass Encrypted Key Exchange-Exchange-Efficient) and TPEKE-S(Two Pass Encrypted Key xchange-Secure) are introduced. A basic idea of the protocols is that a password can be represented by modular addition N, and the number of possible modular addition N representing the password is $2^N$. The TPEKE-E is secure against the attacks including main-in-the-middle attack and off-line dictionary attack, and the performance is excellent so as beyond to comparison with other authenticated key exchange protocols. The TPEKE-S is a slight modification of the TPEKE-E. The TPEKE-S provides computational in feasibility for learning the password without having performed off line dictionary attack while preserving the performance of the TPEKE-E.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1398-1398
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• 2004

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.500-506
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• 2022

This study evaluated the consistency between two quantitative fit test devices with different methods of ambient aerosol counting. Three types of respirators (N95, half mask, and full facepiece) were worn by 50 participants (male, n = 25; female, n = 25), PortaCount (Pro+ 8038) and MT (05U) were connected to one probe to one mask, and fit factors (FFs) were measured simultaneously with the original and modified protocols. As a result of comparing MT FFs with PortaCount FFs as references and by applying for the pass/fail criteria (FF = 100), the consistency between the two devices for half masks and full facepieces was very high. N95 was somewhat weaker than the two type of respirators in the consistency; however, the correlation between the two devices was very strong (p < 0.0001). The results showed that an FF of 100 as measured by PortaCount was likely to be measured as 75 by the MT. Therefore, when performing the fit test for N95 using the MT and pass level of FF 100, a certain level of adjustment is necessary, whether end-user or putting a scaling factor by manufacturer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Let ${\Omega}$ be a bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with smooth boundary. We investigate the solvability for a class of the system of the nonlinear elliptic equations with Dirichlet boundary condition. Using the mountain pass theorem we prove that the system has at least one nontrivial solution.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.6 s.97
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• pp.594-602
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• 2005

In this paper, a new type of 5-pole low pass filter(LPF) having defected ground structure(DGS) and very wide transmission line elements is proposed. The previously presented design method of 3-stage LPF using DGS is generalized to design N-pole LPFs for $N\geq5$. As an example, a 5-pole LPF having DGS is designed and measured. The accurate curve-fitting method to determine the series inductors in the prototype filter, and ultimately the size of DGS is described. The proposed 5-pole LPF has transmission line elements with a very low impedance to realize the required shunt capacitance instead of open stubs. Therefore, open stub. Therefore, open stub, Tee-junction, Cross-junction, and high impedance line are not required for the proposed LPF, while they all have been essential in conventional LPFs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 1991

In this paper we define the conditional generalized Wiener measure and then express the conditional generalized Wiener integral over this new measure. In particular we consider a conditional expectation of functionals of the generalized Brownian paths under the condition that the paths pass through the given points .xi.$_{1}$, .xi.$_{2}$, .., .xi.$_{n}$ at times t$_{1}$, t$_{2}$, .., t$_{n}$, respectively.ely.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.375-385
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• 2008

The relationship between two interannual climate variabilities and the frequency of tropical cyclone (TC) that landed over the Korean Peninsula (KP) has investigated for the period of 1951-2004. In the analysis of the relationship between KP-landfall TC frequency and the ENSO phase, most TCs of C-14 (TCs that do not pass through mainland China before landing the KP) and C-23 (TCs that pass through mainland China before landing the KP) tended to more land in the warm phase than normal and cold phases. However, TC intensity at landfall was stronger in the cold and normal phases. In the analysis of the relationship between KP-landfall TC frequency and Arctic Oscillation (AO) phase, the TCs of C-14 tended to more land in the positive (POS) phase of AO and the negative (NEG) phase of AO for C-23. It was found that AO index was negatively correlated with the Ni$\tilde{n}$o-3.4 index. And then the TCs of C-14 landed more frequently over the KP in the AO POS - Ni$\tilde{n}$o-3.4 NEG phases and in the AO NEG - Ni$\tilde{n}$o-3.4 POS phases for the TCs of C-23.