• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.1 s.88
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• pp.10-14
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• 1999

A single phase composter was constructed by modifying the conventional mixer of sawdust for the cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The machine was designed on the basis of 3-phase-1 system which was controlled in prewetting, pasteurization and fermentation processes. In composting 200 kg of straw and cotton waste in the machine, it took 20 minutes in prewetting step and also to hours at $65^{\circ}C$ in pasteurization process. Postfermentation by aerothermophiles was completed by treating the compost at $45^{\circ}C-50^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours which was shorten 24 hours from the conventional method. In the postfermentation at high temperature, forced aeration and/or vigorous mixing process(es) played a great role in the improvement of spawn quality. The growth of mycelium of oyster mushroom was excellent in the culture combinated with 3 parts of surface inoculation and 7 parts of mechanical mixing.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed on fermented oak sawdust (FOS) or spent mushroom substrates (SMS, Pleurotus eryngii). Total polyphenol content was 32% higher in extracts of larvae fed on SMS (P. eryngii) (75.33±0.43 mg GAE/g) than in extracts of larvae fed on FOS (57.02±1.73 mg GAE/g). The flavonoid content of extracts of larvae grown on FOS and SMS (P. eryngii) was 24.6±0.28 mg/g and 25.4±0.75 mg/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity increased in an extract concentration-dependent manner, and the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of the extract of larvae produced on SMS (P. eryngii) was higher than that of the larvae produced on FOS. The reducing power of the larval extracts produced on FOS and SMS (P. eryngii) increased in an extract concentration-dependent manner, but there was no significant difference between them. The extract of larvae fed on SMS (P. eryngii) (66.55±0.99 uM TE/g) had a higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) than extracts of larvae grown on FOS (76.32±0.48 uM TE/g). The effect of larval extracts on cell proliferation was investigated using a WST-1 (4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate) assay on RAW 264.7 cells. When cells were treated with larval extracts produced on FOS and SMS (P. eryngii) at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 40, and 64 mg/ml, RAW 264.7 cells proliferated at 90% or more. Therefore, larval extracts produced on FOS and SMS (P. eryngii) were not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.186-189
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• 2011

The transitivity of Chemical constituents by Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different raw sawdusts, which are Juglans mandchurica, Cudrania tricuspidata and Lindera glauca, was investigated. The HPLC chromatography patterns on the chemical constituents of P. ostreatus showed the similar chromatography patterns in all different raw sawdusts and control sawdust. The unknown chemical constituents of P. ostreatus cultivated in the 10%, 20% mixed medium added 10 %, 20% different raw sawdusts, respectively, were increased. But the significance results in the mixed medium added 50% different raw sawdusts were not showed. The chromatography patterns of mycelia grown in media added the 80% MeOH extracts of three tree species showed the similar patterns in comparison with control mycelia. In the results, the secondary metabolites of functional media were not degrade and changed to other derivatives compounds by P. ostreatus.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.194-197
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• 2011

The transitivity of Chemical constituents by Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different raw sawdusts, which are Acer tegmentosum MAX, Rhus verniciflura, was investigated. The HPLC chromatography patterns on the chemical constituents of P. ostreatus showed the similar chromatography patterns in the different raw sawdusts and control sawdust. The unknown chemical constituents of P. ostreatus cultivated in the mixed medium added 10 %, 20% raw sawdusts, respectively, were increased. But the significance results in the mixed medium added 50% raw sawdusts were not showed. The chromatography patterns of mycelia grown in media added the 80% MeOH extracts of A. tegmentosum and R. verniciflura showed the similar patterns in comparison with control mycelia. In the results, the secondary metabolites of functional media were not degrade and changed to other derivatives compounds by P. ostreatus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several organic fertilizers on the growth characteristics, root yield and the levels of the efficacious constitutents saikosaponins in Bupleurum falcatum L. in the field of Chonnam RDA. Naju, 1994. Five organic fertilizers were used ; rice straw manure(RSM), rice straw(byproduct of mushroom)manure[RS(BM)M], pig-dropping sawdust manure(PSM),poultry manure(PM)and sawdust(byproduct of mushroom) manure[S(BM)M]. The results were summarized as follows ; The chemical properties, such as organic matter, available phosphate, $K_2O$, CaO, and MgO of soil were increased on all plots with the addition of organic fertilizers, specifically in PM+RS(BM)M application. PM+RS(BM)M treatment was higher in emergence rate and better in the growth charaters of shoot, root parts of plants than those of conventional fertilization and the highest dried root yield resulted from using 39% PM+RS(BM)M treatment. Thus, the organic constituents of the plant leaves were affected in the same ways by all treatments, but the T-N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO and MgO contents of the roots were highly increased in PM+RS(BM)M treatment, also the total saikosaponin levels in the roots increased with different organic fertilizers in the following order : 1.70% in PM+RS(BM) treatment, 1.66% in RS(BM) treatment, and 1.57% in RSM+N-P-K treatment. There were significant positive correlation observed between the growth characters of shoot, root parts of plants, yield and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, total-saikosaponin in B. falcatum roots.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

A edible mushroom, Clitocybe maxima (Lentinus giganteusis) commercially cultivated in China and Taiwan. However, the researches of cultivation and cultural characteristics were not reported in Korea. In this study, we conducted on cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation of C. maxima. Six isolates were collected from China(3 isolates, commercial strain), Taiwan(1 isolate, commercial strain) and Korea(2 isolates, wild type). C. maxima and L. giganteus collected in China and Taiwan, respectively, are the same in China and are estimated to be of the same species as cultured characteristics. The mycelial growth of the collected strains was not significantly different in agar medium but it showed the best growth in YPMG in liquid culture. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth and induction of fruit body were 25℃ and 30℃, respectively. In order to artificial cultivation of C. maxima, cultural characteristics and artificial cultivation were carried out using agricultural by-products and forestry by-products materials. Mycelial growth was suitable in rice straw, cottonwood sawdust, corncob and rice seed medium, and it was selected as a cultivation medium. The suitable medium for artificial cultivation of C. maxima was selected to mixed medium 2(compounding ratio(v/v): 55% of hardwood sawdust, 5% of cottonseed pellets, 10% of cottonseed, 15% of beet pulp, 15% of swollen rice husks). It took about 30 days to be able to harvest, it was faster than oyster mushrooms. The cultivation period was about 30days. A isolate, CMA-002 was not initiation to fruit body primordiuma on the used cultivation substrate. Other 5 isolates were initiate and development to fruit body on the substrate used in this study. The strain CMA-003 was initiated to be fruiting body by 8~10 days after induction of fruiting body in all of the substrates. Isolate CMA-003 was generate to a bundle fruit body. Other isolates, however, were form fruit body individually. The CMA-003 strain was likely highly recommendable strains for farming. The optimum conditions for the induction and growth of C. maxima fruit body were 25~30℃, 8 hr illumination per day with white fluorescent lamp, 90~95% relative humidity, and 1,500 ppm of CO₂ concentration in a cultivation room.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2009

As a preliminary study in order to develop new varieties of Hericium species, this study was carried out to investigate the optimal temperature for mycelial growth, to figure out the applicability to sawdust cultivation on Quercus mongolica substrate, and to analyze the antioxidant capacity of ergothioneine and polyphenols in Hericium strains preserved in Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI). In the results of optimal temperature for mycelial growth of eight Hericium erinaceus, it was $20^{\circ}C$ in a strain (KFRI 842), $25^{\circ}C$ in five strains (KFRI 507, 508, 509, 843, 845), and $30^{\circ}C$ in two strains (KFRI 582, 844). Optimal temperature for mycelial growth of H. coralloides (KFRI 713) was $25^{\circ}C$. Four strains (KFRI 508, 843, 844, 713) out of the total nine Hericium strains showed full mycelium growth within 20 days at the optimal temperature on PDA medium in petri-dish (85 mm in diameter). The other strains have need of more time for full mycelium growth. Mushroom production of H. erinaceus ranged from 215 to 384 g of fresh weight and its dry weight was 7 to 9% of it, whereas that of H. coralloides was 299 g of fresh weight and its dry weight was 10% of it. The contents of ergothioneine and polyphenols of H. erinaceus strains were different by strains and those were in the range of $1.6{\sim}3.7$ mg/g dw. and $5.9{\sim}7.8$ mg/g dw., respectively. On the other hand, those of H. coraloides were in the range of 1.7 mg/g dw. and 3.9 mg/g dw., respectively. From the results of correlation ($R^2$ = 0.1) between ergothioneine and polyphenols in the strains, it was found that the total contents of them differ by strains but the ratio of the two compounds was not very different in the strains.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.248-255
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• 2011

For the environmental friendly soil management on the cultivation of crops in the greenhouse, organic materials, such as the by product-fertilizer derived from livestock manure, rice straw, mushroom media, rice hulls, wood sawdust, and cocopeat, were used as carbon sources adjusting the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to 10, 20, and 30 based on the inorganic soil N. In each C/N ratio of greenhouse soil, watermelon was cultivated in the greenhouse as crop for experiment for the spring and summer of the year and the experimental results were summarized as follows. The concentration of T-C in the organic materials applied were between $289{\sim}429g\;kg^{-1}$, In the C/N ratio of 10, using watermelon as the crop cultivated during the second half of the year in the greenhouse soil, the $NO_3$-N and EC were reduced by 21 to 37%, and 26 to 33%, respectively, except the by product-fertilizer from livestock manure, compared to the soil $NO_3$-N and EC used in the experiment. After the watermelon was cultivated in soils that C/N ratios were controlled as 10, 20, and 30 with wood sawdust adding as carbon sources in the three soils with the different EC values, EC values of the soils were reduced by 33, 42, and 39%, respectively, compared to the soil EC used in the experiment. The weight of watermelon was 10.1-13.4 kg per one unit, and, of the three soils with different EC values. In the soils with three different EC values controlled at C/N ratio of 20, the weight of watermelon was good. The degree of sugar of watermelon were 11.8 to 12.3 Brix, which means that the difference between the treatments was not significant. In conclusion, the C/N ratio of 20 controlled by the proper supply of organic materials according to the representative EC values shown in the greenhouse soils was optimal condition enough to maintain the soil management for the organic culture with the proper nutrient cycling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.4
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• pp.436-444
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• 1991

To increase both the production of mushrooms and the usages of the residues (used media) for roughage, the pinchips(PC) and sawdusts(SD) of three Korean oak species were tested as cultivating media for Lentinus edodes with varing the composition of the media. The results are as follows. 1. Organic acids(tannic acid and citric acid), which were added in the PC medium to enrich the quality of mushrooms, did not increase the growths of the mycelia and the quality. 2. The mushrooms were able to be harvested from six months after beginning the cultivation. No significant differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The contents of crude proteins(1.82-4.55%) in the used media were higher than those in woods (c.a. 0.7%), and the total digestible nutrients (44.0-46.0%) in the used medium were not much different from those in rice straws (c.a.48.0%). 4. The contents of some essential amino acids (methionine in the used medium of the tannic acid added PC or S.D. and isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine in the used medium of the untreated PC or SD) were higher than those in the control (raw media). The contents of a few other essential amino acids (threonine, valine and arginine) were lower in the used media. Most nonessential amino acids in the used media, particularly in the used bed-log, appeared to decrease than those in the control.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.1 s.84
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• pp.60-68
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• 1998

The effect of P. agarici and P. tolaasii causing the bacterial disease of mushrooms on the mycelial growth and fruitbody formation of F. velutipes was evaluated in laboratory. When the pathogenic bacteria was inoculated simultaneously with F. velutipes or 5 days after inoculation of F. velutipes, they significantly deterred both mycelial growth and fruitbody formation of F. velutipes in sawdust culture and showed strong inhibition under high population density. They appeared to be tender or milky in exhibiting symptom on F. velutipes by inoculating the concentration of $10^2{\sim}10^6$ of unit/g media, and their growth seemed to be stopped under $10^8\;cfu/g$ media. On $10^2\;cfu/g$ media of P. agarici and $10^4\;cfu/g$ media of P. tolaasii, there was no effect on the fruitbody yield of F. velutipes. P. tolaasii was more suppressive in the mycelial growth of F. velutipes than P. agarici, while on fruitbodies formation of F. velutipes, P. agarici showed slightly higher inhibition than that of P. tolaasii. When the bacteria was inoculated 10 days after inoculation of F. velutipes, both mycelial growth and fruit body formation were not affected nearly.