• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.268-275
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• 1997

High prices of raw materials used as media for the mushroom cultivation increased the cost of commercial production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). In this study, garlic peels (Allium sativum f. pekinese) as an agricultural by-product were investigated to replace the saw dust for the bottle cultivation of oyster mushroom. Mycelial growth of oyster mushroom were examined by the extracts made from the sawdust, rice bran and garlic peels. The mycelial growth was very poor in the agar media containing the extracts of sawdust or garlic peels, but was good when those of the rice bran were added. In the polypropylene bottle experiment, the sawdust medium which ammended with minerals vitamin was essential for the production of the mushroom fruitbodies. The rice bran was considered to stimulate the mycelial growth, but not the development of basidiocarps. The garlic peel was not a factor to stimulate the production of mushroom fruitbodies, but a raw material ammended with the rice bran produced much amounts of mushroom. In this work, garlic peels ($10{\sim}70%$ v/v) added to the mixture of sawdust and rice bran (4 : 1, v/v) was considered to help the productions of mushroom fruitbodies. Based on the result, the replacement of expensive saw dust with inexpensive garlic peels was a good example to reduce production cost of the bottle cultivation of mushroom.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

Paecilomyces tenuipes (P. tenuipes) is a fungus cultivated artificially by South Korean researchers, utilizing rice bran as its substrate. The increased demand for this fungus has not been met with successful cultivation methods for fruiting body production in natural environments. Therefore, we tested the effect on the growth of P. tenuipes using a Solid media based on pests. In this results, the Solid media based on M.alternatus was effective in increasing the growth of P. tenuipes and the content of cordycepin. Moreover, we confirmed the conditions for manufacturing a Solid media based on M.alternatus for P. tenuipes growth. We suggested that the growth-promoting compounds offers valuable insights for optimizing fungal cultivation conditions, thereby enhancing productivity and contributing to a broader understanding of fungal physiology in varying nutritional environments.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2015

This study was done the calculation formula for calculating the below item. That is the moisture content of the substrates raw materials, water content of the mixed substrates; the amount of media, dry weight, amount of liquid, bulk density in the bottle; dried materials volume, water volume, mixing ratio in a substrates mixing materials; water requirement amount, replenishment amount for water content control of the substrates and the total amount of substrates. And each was prepared in an Excel file for automatically calculated. The calculation of the Excel file will be able to take advantage for the mushroom growers; to make raw material costs, per bottle nutrient content and moisture content maintained throughout the year and new media composition. At this time we expect, while minimizing the quantity or deterioration in the daily ups and downs continued growing courses throughout the year contribute to stabilizing production.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2010

To provide a basic information on the chemical concentrations of different raw materials used in mushroom cultivation, the raw materials were collected from 13 Flammulina velutipes, 14 Pleurotus eryngii, and 8 P. ostreatus farms and analyzed to calculate moisture contents, pH, total carbon(T-C), total nitrate(T-N), total phosphate(T-P) and 13 different cations. In our results, the C : N ratios of cotton seed meal, beet pulp, and corn-cob were 6~17, 12~29 and 56~127, respectively. Depending on the companies which process these materials, the range of C:N ratio of soybean curd residue was approximately either 8~9 or 14~17 with wider range of C : N ratio of the raw materials imported from other countries without the detection of heavy metals. In this study, the formula was provided to calculate the composition of mixed media for mushroom cultivation based on the ingredient chart of different raw materials.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: For the food safety of cultivated mushroom, information on the safety of agricultural by-products imported as medium substrates for mushroom cultivation is urgently needed. Therefore, this study was performed to detect the presence of heavy metals, residual pesticides, and nutrient component in the imported medium substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six kinds of medium substrates imported from nine countries from 2015 to 2017 were investigated. A mercury analyzer MA-2000 and an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer OPTIMA 7000DV were used to analyze mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, nickel and cadmium. All of these heavy metals were detected at lower level than heavy metal tolerance standard level of by-product fertilizer in Korea. When 246 kinds of residual pesticides were examined by GC and HPLC, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and carbendazim were detected from Egyptian beet pulp, Indian cottonseed meal and cottonseed hull, respectively. The content of nutrient components (water, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber) varied among imported countries and the medium substrates. CONCLUSION:The presence of heavy metals and residual pesticides in imported medium substrates for mushroom cultivation was confirmed. For the safe production of mushroom, this study shows that imported medium materials for mushroom cultivation need to be managed through continuous monitoring.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2020

During the monitoring of fungal pests in 2016 and 2017, Acrodontium crateriforme, Naganishia friedmannii, Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola, Penicillium wollemiicola, and Trichoderma thailandicum were isolated from indoor air, mushroom flies (Phytosciara flavipes), and media materials in the cultivation houses of oak wood mushroom (Lentinula edodes) located in Seocheon, Jangheung, Buyeo, and Yeoju, Korea. These fungal species were identified based on their morphological characteristics after their growth on PDA and subsequent molecular analyses of the 26S rDNA, 28S rDNA, β-tubulin gene, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene using PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing were performed. The results showed that these fungi were previously undocumented in Korea. This study reports descriptions of their taxonomical and known properties.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

Main materials used as media for oyster mushroom cultivation are pine sawdust, beet pulp, cotton seed pomace. Increases in the price and the unbalance of demand and supply of cotton seed pomace was often damage to oyster mushroom cultivation farm, so we investigated agricultural by-product to replace the cotton seed pomace for bottle cultivation of oyster mushroom. Treatment of coconut oil meal or coconut pomace delayed incubation period about 3 days compared with cotton seed waste treatment(control), but yield and income index showed similar to each other in three treatment. Consequently coconut oil meal and coconut pomace could select for cotton seed pomace substitute.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.208-213
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• 2013

The contents of raw materials which are components of mixed substrate for mushroom cultivation were analyzed to optimize the composition. The pure protein(amino acid) level of soybean meal was the highest, 44.02% followed by those of soybean curd residue(31.5%) and cotton seeds meal(30.6%). The non protein nitrogen(NPN) contents in crude protein of main nitrogen materials were 2.4% for soybean meal and 5.6% for dried soybean curd residue, while those of wheat bran and rice bran used as the carbon source were relatively higher, 17.6% compared to that of nitrogen supplying media. Crude protein content per price was 6.0 for rapeseed meal, indicating that it is high crude protein content per price. Nitrogen-free extract(NFE) considering as an ingredient for mycelial growth were high in alphacorn(72.9%) and wheat bran B(57.2%). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) was high in corncob, 51.88%, its use for cultivation of brown rot fungi including Lentinus lepideus should pay attention because the fungi lack complete lignin degradation activity.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to examine the feasibility of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) as substrates for several edible mushrooms. For the cultivation of several edible and/or medicinal fungi on black locust, optimum bulk densities, synthetic or semisynthetic additives, natural additives and pretreatment methods were investigated. Fruit body yields of the fungi on various sawdust media composed of different wood species were also analyzed for testing the capability of black locust as a substrate for mushroom production. Mycelial growths decreased proportional when the bulk density increased. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources as additives to promote the mycelial growth were sucrose (2%, w/w) and ammonium phosphate (0.2%, w/w) respectively. When corn-powder and beer-waste as natural additives were added to sawdust of black locust showed the significant growth of mycelia. And the optimum mixing ratio was 10:2:1 (sawdust: corn-powder: beer-waste, w/w). Black locust after cold water treatment showed the outstanding mycelial growths. Any significant changes of pH, moisture content (%) and dry-weight losses (%) could not be found among culture substrates (sawdust of black locust, oak and poplar wood) examined before and after harvesting of fruit bodies. Yield of fruit bodies on black locust culture media were comparable with those culture media composed with oak and poplar wood. The present work indicated strongly the potentiality of black locust as raw materials for edible and medicinal mushrooms.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate interaction between mushroom mycelium and microorganisms in cotton waste media for the shelf cultivation of oyster mushroom. Two oyster mushroom farms was selected for this experiment. One was good mushroom farm (farmhouse I) and the other failed mushroom farm (farmhouse II). In farmhouse I, the inhibition microorganisms were higher toward the end of growth stage than the early stage, but the result of farmhouse II was opposite. Effects of the mycelium growth on plate culture showed same results on mushrooms as the earlier one. And the mycelium growth was influenced by secretory materials of microorganisms. Among of the isolates, Only few microorganism had inhibitory effects on either P. tolaasii or T. harzianum causing the disease of oyster mushrooms. But more microorganisms had inhibition effects on P. agarici.