• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.499-509
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• 1997

The facial nerve have a long pathway. Thus facial nerve fibers easily involved at any point along their course will lead to a facial palsy of lower motor neuron type and upper motor neuron type. The electrophysiologic examination can evaluate and anticipating that prognosis of facial nerve palsy. The electrophysiologic examination are Nerve Excitability Test(NET), Elecctroneurography(ENG), Electro-myography(EMG), Blink Reflex, and Electrogustometry et.al. The NET is very useful method for assessment of prognosis and distinguish between nerve degeneration and physiological block as early as 72 hour after onset of the facial palsy. And other examination also give objectively information of facial nerve for prognosis and treatment. Treatment goal of physiotherapy are prevent contracture and disuse atrophy of facial muscle with muscle reeducation and strengthening and maintain symmetry facial motion. The treatment better start as early as possible.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1190-1194
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the complex ankle exercises on balance. 22 participants (male: 14, female: 8) with functional ankle instability were participated. Functional ankle instability was selected to be less than 24 points using the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) with people who had severe ankle sprain and then experiencing ankle giving way. A total of 20 minutes performed three times a week for four weeks with muscle strength and balance exercises. Muscle strengthening exercise was performed with Theraband, and balance exercise was performed with unstable support plates. Biodex balance system(R) was used to measure static and dynamic balance. The dynamic balance was selected in grade 2, 4, and 8. The static and dynamic balance (grade: 2, 4,and 8) balance was significantly decreased in anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions (p<.05). The instability was significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). These results suggest that complex exercises are beneficial to decreasing the functional ankle instability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2022

Background: Push-up are effective exercises for shoulder stability. Previous studies have documented the effects of support plane and hand position and width on muscle activities during a push-up. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the changes in muscle activities in the upper extremity when performing the standard and the knee-flexed push-up with different hand shapes. Methods: A total of twenty-six healthy males participated in this study. Three different hand shapes (finger abduction, finger adduction, and fists) and two types of push-up posture (standard and knee-flexed push-up) were set as the independent variables. Electrograms were used to measure the muscle activity of the upper trapezius (UT), triceps brachii (TB), pectoralis major (PM), and serratus anterior (SA). Each participant performed the randomly assigned push-up to the sound of the metronome. The mixed-effect linear regression model was used to detect the changes in muscle activities after changing the hand shape and push-up posture. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: The UT muscle activity was statistically significantly higher when performing push-up with fists than finger abduction (p = 0.035) or finger adduction (p = 0.044). During the standard push-up, the muscle activity in all muscles was that the push-up with fists showed the highest muscle activity compared to the finger abduction (p < 0.01) and finger adduction (p < 0.01). Regardless of the shape of the hand, UT had the lowest muscle activity compared to other muscles (p < 0.001). In contrast, the SA muscle had the highest muscle activity among four muscles during the standard push-up. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we suggest hand shape is related to the difficulty level of push-up either in the standard or the knee-flexed push-up, especially in the push-up with fists. In addition, knee push-up can be recommended as shoulder muscle-strengthening exercises for individuals with low shoulder muscle strength.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.914-924
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the shoulder strengthening exercise by analyzing the% MVIC of the muscle activity in the shoulder rotator cuff by the difference of the stance posture and the anatomical plane. 8male subjects were randomly assigned to perform the shoulder rotation exercise 10 times on the frontal plane, the horizontal plane, the sagittal plane and the two legs stance posture, the one leg stance posture, the lunge posture. Measured muscle activity of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, anterior deltoid, rectus abdominis, erector supinea, pectoralis major, lattisimus dorsi during exercise. A repetitive one-way ANOVA was performed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program. First, during the external rotation on the frontal plane, the erector spinea was higher in the lunge posture than in the two legs stance posture and the one leg stance posture, And during the internal rotation on the frontal plane, the muscle activity of suprapinatus was higher in one leg stance posture than in the two legs stance posture and more so in the lunge posture. Second, during the external rotation on the horizontal plane, the muscle activity of deltoid anterior was higher in the one legs stance posture and in the lunge posture than in the two legs stance posture, and during the internal rotation on the horizontal plane, the muscle activity of infraspinatus was higher in the lunge posture than in the two legs stance posture and one leg posture, and the muscle activity of pectoralis major was higher in two leg stance posture than in the one legs stance posture and more so in the lunge posture. Third, during the external rotation on the sagittal plane, muscle activity of rectus abdominis was higher one leg stance posture in the lunge posture than in two leg stance posture. During the internal rotation on the sagittal plane, muscle activity of supraspinatus was higher one leg stance posture in the lunge posture than in two leg stance posture. And muscle activity of infraspinatus was higher in the lunge posture than in two leg stance posture, one leg stance. And muscle activity of Rectus abdominis was higher in the lunge posture and one leg stance posture than in the two legs stance posture. And muscle activity of Erector spinea was higher in the two legs stance postur and lunge posture than in the one leg stance posture. In conclusion, the differences in stance and shoulder anatomy have different effects on the muscle activity of the shoulder rotator exercises, and this is expected to be a more positive exercise program when applied to the shoulder strengthening exercise program.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2003

This research was performed to compare spinal segment motion angle between low back pain (LBP) group and painless group during trunk flexion-extension and to investigate the effect of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise on spinal segment motion angle in LBP group. Nine subjects with LBP and ten subjects without LBP participated. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise was performed in LBP group for three weeks, and spinal segment motion angles were compared before and after the exercise performance. Spinal segment motion angles were measured both in sitting and standing position. Results were as followed: 1) Subjects' average age was 24.79 years, height was 167.84 cm, and weight was 59.95 kg. 2) Spinal segment motion angle of T10/l1 was significantly higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05) in sitting position during trunk flexion-extension. 3) In sitting position, whereas entire lumbar segment motion angles were lower in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05), angle of L4/5 was higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05). 4) There was no significant difference in thoracic segment motion angle in standing position. 5) After three weeks of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise, thoracic segment motion angle increased both in sitting and standing position (p<.05). 6) In painless group, there was no significant difference in entire spinal segment motion angles in sitting and standing position (p>.05). When spinal segment motion angles were compared between sitting and standing position, there were slight differences. In sitting position, there was no difference in spinal segment motion angle between LBP group and painless group while hip joint motion angle and sacral inclination angle of LBP group was lower than those of painless group (p<.05). In standing position, lumbar segment motion angle was significantly lower in LBP group than that of painless group. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise influenced thoracic segment motion angle more significantly than lumbar segment motion angle.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.179-190
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of GEAP on pain, joint function, activities of daily living(ADL) and fatigue in chronic arthritis patients. The GEAP was held twice a week for 6 weeks for chronic arthritis patients at one university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Thirty four subjects completed the program, who were recruited at four times from September, 1999 to September, 2000. The effect of GEAP were evaluated as follows: Pain severity and number of painful joints ADL, fatigue were measured before and after the GEAP. In order to examine the joint flexibility and strengthening, the followings were measured: the extent of the upward arm reach in both sides(flexibility of shoulder), the ability to touch fingertips of the both hands in back pat and rub(flexibility of arm), the degree of range of motion (ROM) of both ankles in their dorsiflexion(flexibility of ankle) and plantarflexion with standing with toe(strengthening of ankle), and the degree of knee extension, and the grip strength. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for data analysis and the significance of the differences in the variables was examined to compare the data obtained before and after the GEAP. After the GEAP, followings were found: 1. Pain severity and number of painful joints was significantly decreased. 2. The flexibility of both shoulders and arms, knee, both ankle were significantly improved. 3. The strengthening of both arms was significantly improved, but the strengthening of ankle was not changed. 4. ADL was significantly increased. 5. Fatigue was significantly decreased. In conclusion, GEAP used in this study was clearly proved to be an effective exercise program to reduce pain and fatigue, to enhance joint function and ADL in people with chronic arthritis. It is suggested that the GEAP should be recommended as one of the useful and appropriate nursing interventions for chronic arthritis patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.401-412
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower trapezius muscle strengthening exercise on pain, shoulder range of motion, and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) in patients with frozen shoulder. Methods: Following baseline measurements, 30 subjects (n=30) with frozen shoulder were randomized into two groups: the PNF group (n=15), which received PNF strength training of the lower trapezius muscles, and the control group (n=15), which received gentle palpation of the skin. Each group participated in the intervention for 30 minutes, three times per week, for six weeks. The visual analogue scales for pain, range of motion, and SPADI of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes in the post-intervention period compared with pre-intervention, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in the dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the six-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased pain and SPADI (p < 0.05) and significantly increased shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation range of motion (p < 0.05). The PNF group that received the PNF strength exercise of the lower trapezius muscles showed greater improvements in pain and range of motion than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the PNF lower trapezius strengthening exercise reduces shoulder pain and disability levels and enhances shoulder range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.317-332
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• 2018

Purpose: Patients with tibial fractures can have functional problems with balance and gait, as well as lower extremity muscle weakness. This case report aimed to describe the effect of hip joint strengthening exercises using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on balance and gait and lower limb function in a patient with tibia fracture. Methods: One patient diagnosed with tibial fracture was treated for seven weeks with the basic procedure, pattern, and technique of PNF for a hip joint strengthening exercise. Results: The results of pre- and post-intervention treatment showed improvements in physical function and structure in the clinical tests, including the manual strength test; the modified Ashworth scale; sensory evaluation; balance, sit-to-stand, and gait performance; and evaluation of lower limb function. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the use of theory-based proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulation for hip joint strengthening exercises positively affects patients' functional improvement in tibial fracture patients, and this may be used as a therapeutic exercise method for those with orthopedic problems in the lower extremities. One limitation of this study was that it was performed on only one tibia fracture patient, which makes it difficult to extend the treatment effects to all patients with this condition.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower trapezius muscle strengthening exercise on pain, cervical range of motion (ROM), and neck disability index (NDI) in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: Following baseline measurements, the subjects (n = 30) with chronic neck pain were randomized into two groups: the PNF group (n = 15) that received PNF strength training of the lower trapezius muscles or a control group (n = 15) that received gentle palpation of the skin. Each group participated in the intervention for 30 min, three times per week for six weeks. The visual analogue scale for pain, ROM, and NDI of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes in the post-intervention compared with pre-intervention, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in the dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the six-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased pain and NDI (p < 0.05) and significantly increased cervical flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation ROM (p < 0.05). The PNF group that received PNF strength exercise of the lower trapezius muscles showed greater improvements in pain and NDI and cervical rotation of ROM than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the PNF lower trapezius strengthening exercise reduces neck pain and disability level and enhances cervical ROM in patients with chronic neck pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2022

This paper was designed to prevent intervertebral disc escape and treatment. we produced downsized lumbar traction bed at home and automated system depending on weight and muscle mass by using 3D print and Arduino to confirm the possibility of prototyping. Hence, we checked muscle mass 10 males in their 20s with different exercise conditions, and it shows that average muscle mass of group who exercised was 56.63kg, and non-exercise group was 50.8 kg. this is shows lumbar repetitive exercise can show the traction therapy effect can be seen traction therapy effect. In addition, we installed wooden doll substitute people with spring and test changing of length. Traction bed has the steps ranging from 1 to 4, in which the motor with torque and rpm, ranging from 4.7 to 5.5 kgf and from 4.5 to 5.3 rpm, respectively. The motor controlled with the voltage of Arduino was operated for the length of the spine to be stretched to 4-5 mm. As increasing the weight of the wooden doll by 10g, it was confirmed that the spring increased by 4-5 mm from the first step to the fourth step.