• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study was to acquire level on the occurrence of five fluoroquinolones(FQs) residue among cultured eels in Jeonbuk province. Samples were collected from the four local area(Kunsan, Gochang, Wanju and Osu) and surveyed on the distribution of FQs residual level in edible muscle using HPLC method. A total of 90 samples of eel was monitored for detection of the FQs residue. Among them, 30 eels(33.3%) were detected the FQs single or paired, respectively. The detection ratios were showed Osu(40%, 8/20), Gochang(33%, 13/44), Wanju(30%, 6/20) and Kunsan(30%, 3/10) in order, respectively. The ratio was equivalent to over 30% of overall in sampled area. The most frequently detected FQs were perfloxacin(PF) followed by enrofloxacin(EF), ciprofloxacin(CF), ofloxacin(OF) and norfloxacin(NF). Eight different combinations of FQ residual patterns were observed as single(5 type, 21%) or as paired(3type, 12,5%) respectively and frequently encountered patterns were PF(37%) and PF-EF(23%). The residual level of FQs was evaluated in the range of 1-75 ug/kg and the most prevalent levels of FQs was found in 1-25 ug/kg(35 fish, 85%) followed by 26-50 ug/kg(5 fishes, 11%) and 51-75 ug/kg(1 fishes, 3.3%). These results could be possible that the cultured eels were mostly exposed with PF, EF and CF, and might be treated with a variety of fluoroquinolones for prevention of bacterial disease.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.380-384
• /
• 2006

Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32) were fed a diet containing basal (control), cellulose (5%), or alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) (5%) extracted from the stem and root barks of elm (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai) for 4 weeks. The effects of the diets, on gastrointestinal functions and morphology were evaluated. The weight gains, food intake, and food efficiencies for the cellulose and AIR diet-fed groups were not significantly different from those of the AIR-free (basal) diet. The gastrointestinal transit times of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the basal diet, and were slower than those of the cellulose diet. The fecal weights of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly increased (p<0.01) up to 4-fold compared to those of the basal diet. The height of the mucosal villi, and mucosal and muscle layer thicknesses of the colon were greater and more developed in the stem and root bark AIR diets (p<0.01) than in the basal diet. The villus heights in the jejunum and the colon mucosal goblet cells were more developed in the order of cellulose > stem bark AIR > root bark AIR diets.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.74.1-74.13
• /
• 2020

Background: The quality of a vaccine depends strongly on the effects of the adjuvants applied simultaneously with the antigen in the vaccine. The adjuvants enhance the protective effect of the vaccine against a viral challenge. Conversely, oil-type adjuvants leave oil residue inside the bodies of the injected animals that can produce a local reaction in the muscle. The long-term immunogenicity of mice after vaccination was examined. ISA206 or ISA15 oil adjuvants maintained the best immunity, protective capability, and safety among the oil adjuvants in the experimental group. Objectives: This study screened the adjuvant composites aimed at enhancing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) immunity. The C-type lectin or toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist showed the most improved protection rate. Methods: Experimental vaccines were fabricated by mixing various known oil adjuvants and composites that can act as immunogenic adjuvants (gel, saponin, and other components) and examined the enhancement effect on the vaccine. Results: The water in oil (W/O) and water in oil in water (W/O/W) adjuvants showed better immune effects than the oil in water (O/W) adjuvants, which have a small volume of oil component. The W/O type left the largest amount of oil residue, followed by W/O/W and O/W types. In the mouse model, intramuscular inoculation showed a better protection rate than subcutaneous inoculation. Moreover, the protective effect was particularly weak in the case of inoculation in fatty tissue. The initial immune reaction and persistence of long-term immunity were also confirmed in an immune reaction on pigs. Conclusions: The new experimental vaccine with immunostimulants produces improved immune responses and safety in pigs than general oil-adjuvanted vaccines.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 1994

식육자원으로서 야생조류인 꿩과 청둥오리고기의 식품안전성에 관하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 꿩과 청둥오리의 소장, 맹장과 직장에 대한 식중독균 검사에서, Salmonella속균 등 본 실험에서 검사한 3종의 식중독균은 모두 검출되지 않았다. 2. 꿩과 청둥오리의 혈액, 분, 소화기관 및 흉강장기에 대한 기생충검사에서 기생충은 발견되지 않았다. 3. 꿩과 청둥오리의 도체 근육에 대한 디스크 간이법에 의한 항생물질의 잔류검사에서, 모든 시료는 음성반응을 보였다. 4. 꿩과 청둥오리의 근육 및 간에 대한 DDT, BHT 등 7종의 농약 잔류검사에서, 모든 시료는 음성반응을 보였다. 5. 꿩과 청둥오리의 간, 근육 및 혈액에 대한 Cd 등 4종의 독성 중금속 검사에서 그 잔류량은 허용기준 이하였다. 이상의 꿩과 청둥오리에 대한 식품 안전성 검사 결과, 이들의 고기가 인체에 미치는 직접적인 위험도는 매우 낮을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2013

우리나라는 2007년부터 원료축산물에 대한 동물용의약품 잔류허용기준 설정을 강화하면서 관련 시험법을 식품공전에 등재하여 활용하고 있다. 더불어 국외에서는 국제식품규격위원회와 유럽연합의 규제 강화 추이에 따라 불검출기준 물질에 대한 MRL 설정 등 낮은 농도의 정량한계를 가지는 검증된 분석법 개발 등이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 가금류 중 잔류허용기준은 아직 설정되어 있지 않으나, 식품안전성 조사 및 연구 등을 위해서는 시험법의 확립이 필요한 nitroxoline의 닭고기 근육 중 잔류시험법을 개발하고자 하였다. 분석에 사용된 검체는 닭고기의 근육을 이용하였다. 검체에 아세트로니트릴을 가하여 추출한 후, 이를 감압 농축하여 메탄올로 녹인 다음 MCX 카트리지로 정제한 후 HPLC-PDA에 주입하였다. 기기분석은 C18 컬럼을 사용하였고, 0.1 % TBAOH-인산용액과 메탄올을 기울기 조건으로 하여 360 nm에서 측정하였다. 또한, 액체크로마토그래프-질량분석기를 통해 확인시험을 수행하였으며, 모든 검증은 CAC 가이드라인(CAC/GL 16, 1993; CAC/GL 71, 2009) 규정에 따라 실시하였다. 그 결과, nitroxoline의 LOQ는 0.02 mg/kg 수준이었고, 회수율은 72.9~88.1 %로 나타났다. 또한, 변동계수는 2.5~11.7 %로 CAC 가이드라인(CAC/GL 16, 1993; CAC/GL 71, 2009) 규정에 만족하는 수준이었다. 따라서 개발된 분석법은 잔류동물용의약품의 분석에 있어 보다 신속하고 경제적인 분석 및 모니터링에 적용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze feasibility of monitoring of fluoroquinolnes residual through feather analysis in broilers. The calibration curve showed good linearity (r²≥0.99) within the concentration range of 1~100 ㎍/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were validated at ≤0.66 and ≤1.99 ㎍/kg in broiler feather, respectively. The recoveries in feather samples ranged from 94.6 to 114.4% (5.1-15.8% RSD) at the 5 to 20 ㎍/kg spiking levels. The proposed new analytical method proved to be suitable and effective for fluoroquinolnes determination. We also monitored fluoroquinolones residue in 36 samples (broiler that were slaughtered in Gyonggi-do) using this method. Among tested feather samples, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were detected in all samples. In muscle samples, enrofloxacin was detected in 20 (55.6%) samples and ciprofloxacin was not detected.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2001

Nebulin is an unusually large actin-binding protein specific to the skeletal muscle of vertebrates. The correlation of nebulin size with thin filament length have led to the suggestion that nebulin acts as a molecular ruler for the length of thin filaments. An SH3 domain occupies the C terminus of nebulin, in the sarcomeric Z-disk and is preceded by a 120-residue stretch containing multiple putative phosphorylation sites. SH3 domain mediates protein-protein interaction involved in the subcellular localization of proteins, cytoskeletal organization and signal transduction. However the binding partner and physiological role of nebulin SH3 domains remains unknown. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified supervillin, an actin-binding protein, as a nebulin SH3 domain-interacting protein. The SH3 domain of nebulin binds to the sequence encoding amino acids 977 to 1335 of supervillin. But the sequence encoding amino acids 977 to 1335 displays weaker binding than the sequence encoding amino acids 977 to 1788.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2012

C-type lectins are crucial for pathogen recognition, innate immunity, and cell-cell interactions. In this study, a C-type lectin gene was cloned from the rock bream. The full-length RbCTL cDNA was 729 bp with a 429 bp ORF encoding a 164-residue protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of RbCTL had all of the conserved features crucial for its fundamental structure, including the four cysteine residues involved in sulfide bridge formation and potential $Ca^2+$/carbohydrate-binding sites. RbCTL contains a signal peptide one single carbohydrate recognition domain. It showed 29.4% similarity to the C-type lectin of rainbow trout. RbCTL mRNA was predominately expressed in gill and head-kidney tissue and expressed less in peripheral blood leukocytes, trunk-kidney, spleen, liver, intestine and muscle. Expression of RbCTL was differentially upregulated in rock bream stimulated with LPS, Con A/PMA and poly I:C.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze oxidized methionines in the myosin isoforms of porcine longissimus thoracis, psoas major, and semimembranosus muscles by liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 836 queries matched to four myosin isoforms (myosin-1, -2, -4, and -7) were analyzed and each myosin isoform was identified by its unique peptides (7.3-13.3). Forty-four peptides were observed from all three muscles. Seventeen peptides were unique to the myosin isoform and the others were common peptides expressed in two or more myosin isoforms. Five were identified as oxidized peptides with one or two methionine sulfoxides with 16 amu of mass modification. Methionines on residues 215 (215), 438 (438), 853 (851), 856 (854), 1071 (1069), and 1106 (1104) of myosin-1 (myosin-4) were oxidized by the addition of oxygen. Myosin-2 had two oxidized methionines on residues 215 and 438. No queries matched to myosin-7 were observed as oxidized peptides. LC-MS/MS allows analysis of the oxidation of specific amino acids on specific residue sites, as well as in specific proteins in the food system.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.309-317
• /
• 2016

어류 질병은 매년 대규모 해산물 양식 및 소비량에 따라 증가하고 있으며, 이를 예방 및 치료하기 위해 항생제인 OTC (Oxytetracycline)를 사용하고 있다. 하지만 이는 부적절한 사용 및 오남용을 하게 되면 인체 내 통증을 유발시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 간이시험법 및 HPLC 분석과 함께 OTC의 약욕 처리 및 경구 투여에 따른 넙치의 피부, 간, 근육에 관해 연구하였다. 약욕처리구는 물 1톤당 25 g의 농도로 1시간 1회 실시 하였고, OTC의 투여 농도를 어체중 kg 당 62.5 mg을 사료에 혼합시켜 7일간 경구 투여하였다. 미생물학적간이 검사법에서 약욕 처리구는 피부 직후에서만 양성을 보였고 경구 투여구에서는 77일째 양성으로 조사되었다. 그리고 근육은 14일째까지 양성을 보였다. HPLC 분석에서는 약욕 처리구인 간에서는 13일째, 피부는 37일째 잔해가 남은 것을 확인할 수 있었고 근육에서는 발견하지 못했다. 경구 투여구인 피부에서는 높은 농도(1.07 mg/kg)로 나타났으며, 간에서는 소량(0.56 mg/kg)을 나타냈으며 42일째의 근육에서는 남아 있지 않았다. 종합적으로 어류 양식장에서 사용 되는 OTC의 휴약 기간을 40일로 준수하면 OTC는 거의 잔류하지 않고 우리 몸에 무해하나 영양물질의 중간대사 또는 저장, 해독 등의 중요한 역할을 하는 간과 어체의 몸의 표면을 보호하고 감각작용을 하는 역할을 하는 피부는 근육에 남아 있는 OTC의 잔류량보다 몇 배의 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 하지만 이는 이전 연구에 따르면 OTC의 잔류량은 조리 온도에 따라 감소될 것으로 추측 된다.