• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1729-1735
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of medicinal plant by-products (MPB) supplementation to a total mixed ration (TMR) on growth, carcass characteristics and economic efficacy in the late fattening period of Hanwoo steers. Twenty seven steers (body weight [BW], $573{\pm}57kg$) were assigned to 3 treatment groups so that each treatment based on BW contained 9 animals. All groups received ad libitum TMR throughout the feeding trial until slaughter (from 24 to 30 months of age) and treatments were as follows: control, 1,000 g/kg TMR; treatment 1 (T1), 970 g/kg TMR and 30 g/kg MPB; treatment 2 (T2), 950 g/kg TMR and 50 g/kg MPB. Initial and final BW were not different among treatments. Resultant data were analyzed using general linear models of SAS. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were higher (p<0.05) for T1 than control, but there was no difference between control and T2. Plasma albumin showed low-, intermediate- and high-level (p<0.05) for control, T1 and T2, whereas non-esterified fatty acid was high-, intermediate- and high-level (p<0.05) for control, T1 and T2, respectively. Carcass weight, carcass rate, backfat thickness and rib eye muscle area were not affected by MPB supplementation, whereas quality and yield grades were highest (p<0.05) for T1 and T2, respectively. Daily feed costs were decreased by 0.5% and 0.8% and carcass prices were increased by 18.1% and 7.6% for T1 and T2 compared to control, resulting from substituting TMR with 30 and 50 g/kg MPB, respectively. In conclusion, the substituting TMR by 30 g/kg MPB may be a potential feed supplement approach to improve economic efficacy in the late fattening period of Hanwoo steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to detect significant SNPs for carcass quality traits using DNA chips of high SNP density in Hanwoo populations. Carcass data of two hundred and eighty nine steers sired by 30 Korean proven sires were collected from two regions; the Hanwoo Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in Seosan, Chungnam province and the commercial farms in Gyeongbuk province. The steers in Seosan were born between spring and fall of 2006 and those in Gyeonbuk between falls of 2004 and 2005. The former steers were slaughtered at approximately 24 months, while the latter steers were fed six months longer before slaughter. Among the 55,074 SNPs in the Illumina bovine 50K chip, a total of 32,756 available SNPs were selected for whole genome association study. After adjusting for the effects of sire, region and slaughter age, phenotypes were regressed on each SNP using a simple linear regression model. For the significance threshold, 0.1% point-wise p value from F distribution was used for each SNP test. Among the significant SNPs for a trait, the best set of SNP markers were selected using a stepwise regression procedure, and inclusion and exclusion of each SNP out of the model was determined at the p<0.001 level. A total of 118 SNPs were detected; 15, 20, 22, 28, 20, and 13 SNPs for final weight before slaughter, carcass weight, backfat thickness, weight index, longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling score, respectively. Among the significant SNPs, the best set of 44 SNPs was determined by stepwise regression procedures with 7, 9, 6, 9, 7, and 6 SNPs for the respective traits. Each set of SNPs per trait explained 20-40% of phenotypic variance. The number of detected SNPs per trait was not great in whole genome association tests, suggesting additional phenotype and genotype data are required to get more power to detect the trait-related SNPs with high accuracy for estimation of the SNP effect. These SNP markers could be applied to commercial Hanwoo populations via marker-assisted selection to verify the SNP effects and to improve genetic potentials in successive generations of the Hanwoo populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1021-1029
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• 2013

To investigate the effect of dietary chromium (Cr) as Cr methionine (CrMet) on growth performance, carcass traits, pork quality, meat colour and expression of meat colour-related genes in growing-finishing pigs, 189 crossbred Duroc${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) growing-finishing pigs (male, castrated, average initial BW $74.58{\pm}1.52$ kg) were selected and randomly allocated into four groups. Dietary treatments per kg of feed were as follows: 0 (CT), 0.3 mg/kg (T1), 0.6 mg/kg (T2) and 0.9 mg/kg (T3) Cr (in the form of CrMet; as-fed basis), and each treatment was replicated five times with 8 to 10 pigs per replicate pen. During the 28 d of the experiment, both the ADG and the ADFI increased linearly (p<0.05) as the level of dietary Cr increased. The F/G ratio decreased linearly (p<0.05). As dietary Cr increased, loin muscle areas (linear, p = 0.013) and average backfat thickness (linear, p = 0.072) decreased. Shear force (linear, p = 0.070) and Commission Internationale de I'$\acute{E}$clairage (CIE) redness (quadratic, p = 0.028) were increased. In addition, CIE Lightness (quadratic, p = 0.053) were decreased as dietary Cr increased. As dietary Cr increased, total myglobin (Mb) content (quadratic, p = 0.015) and the mb mRNA levels (quadratic, p = 0.046) in longissimus muscles of pigs were up-regulated. In conclusion, supplementation of dietary Cr improved growth and meat colour, but increased shear force and decreased IMF reduced palatability of longissimus muscles. Moreover, the increasing total Mb content and mb mRNA levels indicated that CrMet dietary supplementation may improve meat colour via up-regulating expression of the mb gene.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2008

생체에서의 황화수소는 의약 분야와 발효 산업에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae을 이용하여 기질인 L-cysteine과 $\beta$-mercaptoethanol로부터 $\beta$-replacement 반응에 인한 황화수소를 발생시킬 수 있는 효소를 간편하고 신속하게 동정하는 방법의 확립을 목적으로 하였다. 효소에 의해 발생된 황화수소와 Pb-acetate의 반응으로 생성된 Pb-S를 gel상에서 간편하게 확인한 후, 확인된 단백질들을 이온교환컬럼를 수행한 후 gel에서 추출하는 방법으로 MALDI-TOFMS의 시료를 간단히 얻을 수 있었다. PMF 방법과 MS/MS ion search 분석을 통해 간편하게 효모에서 황화수소를 형성할 가능성이 있는 세가지 단백질의 동정에 성공하였다. 이 세 가지 단백질은 CYS3, CYS4, MET17 유전자의 단백질로서 cystathionine $\gamma$-lyase, CBS, OASS 임이 밝혀졌다. 그리고 이 세 단백질들은 L-cysteine과 $\beta$-mercaptoethanol의 존재하에서 황화수소를 실제로 생성함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 표적의 물질을 생산하는 단백질들을 젤상에서의 활성측정과 MALDI-TOF MS를 이용하여 간단히 그리고 정확하게 동정하는 방법을 확립하였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

Large soft tissue defects around the knee joint are known to significantly diminish joint function. Severe soft tissue defects on the anterior aspect of the knee joint especially bring on significant joint motion limitation. Although simple split skin grafts can cover the skin defect, the progressing scar contracture of the grafted skin causes joint stiffness. One of the best solutions of large soft tissue defects around the knee joint is covering the defect with a good quality skin flap. Separated flaps with one vascular pedicle are good candidates for covering anterior and posterior aspects of the joint for example. Authors performed 12 cases of combined scapular and latissimus dorsi free flaps from 1984 to 2000. Among them, we experienced 5 cases of knee joint defect covering using the double free flap for coverage of the soft tissue defect with preservation of the knee joint function and satisfactory results. The system of flaps based on the subscapular artery and vein provides a variety of composite free flaps. The possible flaps that can be harvested based on this single vascular pedicle include the scapular and parascapular skin flap, the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscular flap, the lateral scapular bone flap, the latissimus dorsi-rib flap, and the serratus anterior-rib flap. This combined flap is available for multiple tissue defects or complex defects because it can be incorporated with skin, muscle and bone flaps. A main advantage is the independent vascular pedicles of each component, which allow freedom in orientation of each components. Consequently it can be freely applied to any form of three dimensional defects on the upper and lower extremities. The combination of scapular cutaneous flap and latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap can be resurfaced for massive cutaneous defects on the extremities. We report the use of the combined scapular and latissimus dorsi free flap in five patients to reconstruct massive defects on the extremities with resultant improved joint function. There was no flap failure and minimal complications and disadvantages. The anatomy of this flap is reviewed and the indication and advantages are discussed. All of the five flaps survived and there was no scar contracture affecting the joint motion.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.3726-3732
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• 2010

본 연구는 낙상을 경험한 여성 노인에게 적합하도록 구성된 건강체조 프로그램을 12주간 적용하여 노인들의 보행능력, 우울 및 삶의 질의 변화를 확인하고자 함이다. 본 연구의 자료는 2007년 4월에서 6월 동안 낙상 경험이 있는 여성노인 70명을 대상으로 수집하였다. 대상자에게 적용한 12주간 건강체조 프로그램은 보행능력을 향상시키기 위해 개발되었다. 수집된 자료는 빈도 및 백분율, paired t-test 등으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 12주간 건강체조 프로그램을 적용한 대상자의 보행능력을 측정하는 지표 중 '의자에서 일어나 앉기(t=2.291, p=.025)', '오른발 한발서기(t=2.236, p=.029)', '전후 보폭(t=4.015, p=.000)'에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 둘째, 노인의 우울은 통계적 유의한 차이가 없었으나(t=1.044, p=.300) 삶의 질은 유의한 차이(t=3.528, p=.001)를 보였다. 삶의 질 하부영역에서는 전반적인 삶의 질(t=2.93, p=.005), 신체적(t=3.039, p=.003), 심리적(t=2.481, p=.016), 사회적(t=2.531, p=.014), 환경영역 (t=4.259, p=.000)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 근지구력 및 균형 감각을 향상시키는데 중재법으로 12주간 건강체조 프로그램을 제안하고자 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

The main purpose of this research was to examine the EMG characteristics of driver's upper limb and driving performance for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand control devices(Push/Pull, Push/Right angle, Push/Rock, Push/Twist) during simulated driving. The persons with disabilities in the lower extremity have problems in operation of the vehicle because of functional impairments for controlling accelerator and brake pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in persons with lower extremity loss, the disabled people could improve their quality of mobility life by driving a car. Twenty subjects were involved in this research to assess driving performance and EMG activities for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand controls in driving simulator. We measured EMG responses of six muscles(posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, biceps, triceps, extensor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi radialis) during pulling and pushing movement with four types of left hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 program was used for evaluation test of four types of left hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While operating the four types of left hand controls for acceleration, EMG activities of posterior deltoid in normal subjects were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the disabled subjects. It was also found that EMG responses of triceps and posterior deltoid were significantly increased(p < 0.05) when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Pull type. While operating the four types of left hand controls for braking, EMG activities of flexor carpi radialis and triceps in subjects with disability were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and triceps were significantly increased when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Rock type. Time to reach target speed and brake reaction time in subjects with disability was increased by 2.5% and 4.6% on average compared to normal subjects. The person with disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow performance in acceleration at the straight lane course.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1547-1554
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different sources of chromium on growth performance, blood profile and carcass trait in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 200 growing pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc, average initial weight 8.5 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 10 pigs per replicate. Five treatments were designated as follows according to the source of chromium. i) Control (No chromium): corn-soybean meal based basal diet, ii) $CrCl_{3}$: control diet+200 ppb Cr as $CrCl_{3}$, iii) CrPic: control diet+200 ppb Cr as Cr picolinate, iv) CrMet-1: control diet+100 ppb Cr as Cr methionine, and v) CrMet-2: control diet+200 ppb Cr as Cr methionine. After the feeding trial, three pigs per replicate (12 pigs per treatment) were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass traits. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed: gain ratio (F/G) were not different (p>0.05) among dietary Cr sources. However, whole-period ADG of pigs fed CrPic, CrMet-1 and CrMet-2 diets was higher (p<0.05) than for the control diet. Nutrient digestibility was not different (p>0.05) among dietary Cr sources, but the nutrient digestibility of pigs fed CrPic, CrMet-1 and CrMet-2 diets was higher (p<0.05) than for the control diet. BUN level decreased with more magnitude (p<0.05) in pigs fed Cr during the 20 to 50 kg period. Although both serum cholesterol and triglyceride were different (p<0.05) among treatments, there was no consistent response that could be related to the dietary Cr sources regardless of growth phase. However, the overall data suggested that serum cholesterol level increased as BW of pigs increased. Blood total protein (TP) increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed Cr only during the 90-110 kg phase, and blood creatinine (Creat) level was higher in $CrCl_{3}$ and CrPic treatments than in the control only during the 90-110 kg phase. Backfat thickness was thinner (p<0.05) in pigs fed CrMet-2 than in the control treatment. Therefore, lean percentage was higher (p<0.05) in CrMet-2 than in control pigs. However, dressing percentage and Longissimus muscle area (LMA) were not different (p>0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 200 ppb Cr, via either CrPic or CrMet, improved pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Moreover, dietary CrMet supplementation for the growing-finishing pig is evidently remarkable for improving both lean percentage of the carcass and backfat thickness.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1140-1150
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• 2009

Forage diets provide good quality carcasses in sheep but very little is known in tropical goats. An experiment was designed with Creole male goats using grass-based systems to assess carcass yield, scores, cuts and composition. After weaning (84 d, 9.2 kg LW) two modes of forage feeding were compared with two replicates of each. Feeding groups were: PF for animals reared at pasture (n = 62) and IF when reared indoors (n = 60). Given that forage finishing will result in low ADG it appeared necessary to study different fattening lengths. The kids were equally divided into 4 groups: group A (n = 32), 4mo after weaning; group B (n = 32), 4mo after A; group C (n = 30), 3mo after B and group D (n = 28), 2mo after C. The animals grazed (in two sub-flocks) on irrigated tropical pastures managed in a rotational system (28 d of re-growth) at a mean stocking rate of 1,200 kg/ha/yr LW. The IF groups were reared in collective pens on a slatted floor (2 replicates of 7 or 8 kids each). They were fed the same stand of tropical grass (25% DM, 12% CP) as that of pasture that was cut daily and provided ad libitum. The ADG (-10%), the weights of omental fat (-60%) and fat in shoulder (-18%), the ultimate pH of carcass (-12%), the meat colour score (-24%), the ""parameter accounting for redness (12%) and the DM and lipid contents (-4%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in PF than in IF, while the liver was heavier (+23%, p<0.05). Feeding conditions seemed to be similar, thus, differences could be related to gastrointestinal parasitism in the PF system and hypotheses are discussed. Increasing the fattening duration, resulted in significant difference (p<0.01) in many traits: the weights at slaughter and of carcass increased by 40% and 60% from groups A to D and consequently the weights of body compartments and carcass cuts (1.5 to 2.0 fold more). When the results were presented as percentage of empty body weight and carcass weight, these preliminary results (carcass weight 9kg and yield 53%, muscle proportion 70%) and qualitative parameters (low fat score 2/5, fat proportion 5%), seem to be a good incentive for the sector to develop a niche market to meet consumer lean meat expectations. The indoors system could be implemented where there was low availability of grazing areas or problems of dog attacks.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.577-581
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet extruder conditions, such as feed-loading rate and screw speed, on growth performance and biochemical responses in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Over 8 wks, we used four identical diets (triplicated per treatment) with differing ratios of feed-loading rate (kg/h):screw speed (rpm/min) in a laboratory-scaled twin-screw extruder of 50:640, 80:640, 120:640, and 80:400, designated as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, respectively. Screw speed impacted the buoyancy of experimental diets. Diets produced at a screw speed of 640 rpm/min floated for > 24 hrs, whereas those produced at a speed of 400 rpm/min sank between 10 s and 5 min. Fish that were fed EP1 and EP4 diets grew significantly faster than those fed EP2 and EP3 diets. Fish fed EP1 diets ate and gained weight most efficiently among treatments, a result that is likely to be related to feed-loading rate, i.e., ingredients extruded at a low feed-loading rate may have more time to cook in the pre-conditioner of the extruder. A cooked diet may be easier to digest in fish. Fish fed EP4 diets also showed significant weight gain, as compared to those fed EP2 and EP3 diets. However, we found no differences among treatments in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle, liver, and viscera of fish. Our results suggest that extruder conditions, may influence feed quality, impacting feed efficiency and growth of fish.