• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2014

This study presents the estimates of heritabilities of body measurement traits and carcass traits, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of those traits for crossbred pigs in Korea. Body and ultrasound (A mode: Piglog 105) measurements in 221 pigs including body weight, length, height and width, three back fat thickness at the points of 4th, 14th rib and chine bone, eye muscle area and lean meat percent were collected at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days and then slaughtered to measure carcass weight, back fat, belly, collar butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin, lean meat yield and intramuscular rough fat content in loin. Genetic analysis was done using a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilties of the body measurements were ranged from 0.331 to 0.559 and three measurements of back fat thickness were also high as range varying from 0.402 to 0.475 for the ages of 145 and 180 days. However, eye muscle area was moderate (0.296) at the age of 180 days. Heritabilities of retail cut yields were also high as ranged from 0.387 to 0.474 and of IMF content in loin was 0.499. Heritabilities of the cut percent traits were ranged from 0.249 to 0.488. Important positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were noted for all carcass yield traits (0.298 to 0.875 and 0.432 to 0.922, respectively). IMF showed low negative genetic correlations with carcass yield traits, such as carcass weight, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin and lean meat yield whereas low positive genetic correlations with back fat, belly, collar butt and spare rib. Loin, tenderloin and lean meat percent showed negative genetic correlations with carcass weight, back fat thickness, collar butt, spare rib and picnic shoulder percent. The four body measurements at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days had positive genetic correlations with belly, shoulder butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder and hind leg percent, but negative genetic correlations were shown with loin and tenderloin percent except body measurements at 70 days. The results suggest that carcass yield are negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, which is a major factor deciding pork quality and the yield of loin and tenderloin are not increased as much as increase in body size. However, the proportions of belly and collar butt are increased with the body size. In conclusion, selection strategy should be designed according to the preference on composition of carcass in each country.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1701-1707
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• 2005

This study deals with the characterization of porcine PIK3C3 and association tests with quantitative traits. PIK3C3 belongs to the class 3 PI3Ks that participate in the regulation of hepatic glucose output, glycogen synthase, and antilipolysis in typical insulin target cells such as those in the such as liver, muscle system, and fat. On the analysis of full-length mRNA sequence, the length of the PIK3C3 CDS was recorded as 2,664 bps. As well, nucleotide and amino acid identities between human and pig subjects were 92% and 99%, respectively. Five SNPs were detected over 5 exons. We performed genotyping by using a SNP C2604T on exon24 for 145 F$_2$ animals (from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows) by PCR-RFLP analysis with Hpy8I used to investigate the relationship between growth and fat depot traits. In the total association analysis, which doesn' consider transmission disequilibrium, the SNP showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight and carcass fat at 30 weeks of age as well as a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on back fat. In an additional sib-pair analysis, C allele still showed positive and significant effects (p<0.05) on back fat thickness and carcass fat. Moreover, the effects of C allele on the means of within-family components for carcass fat and back fat were estimated as 2.76 kg and 5.07 mm, respectively. As a result, the SNP of porcine PIK3C3 discovered in this study could be utilized as a possible genetic marker for the selection of pigs that possess low levels of back fat and carcass fat at the slaughter weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1099-1104
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• 2017

Objective: This work was to find the correlation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype with vitamin A reduction and carcass traits during the vitamin A restriction period. Methods: In study 1, 60 Korean native steers were fed a diet (890 IU/kg) with 8,000 IU and 0 IU of supplemental premix vitamin A/kg of dry matter (DM) for control and treatment group, respectively. The levels of serum vitamin A were analyzed through high preparative performance liquid chromatography, and the ADH1C genotype was analyzed based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP; 78.1% TT type, 21.9% TC type); however, CC type was not found. Then, the interaction between ADH1C and carcass traits on the vitamin A restriction was investigated in study 2. A total of 136 Korean native steers were fed a diet that included 930 IU/kg vitamin A of DM. Results: Serum vitamin A in treatment was reduced to 112.4 IU/dL in steers with TT type of ADH1C, while for steers with TC type the concentration of serum vitamin A was dropped to 79.5 IU/dL (p<0.1) in study 1. This showed that TC type had the potential to lower serum vitamin A concentration during vitamin A restriction compared to TT type. In study 2 we found that eye muscle area, marbling and carcass weight in Korean native steers with TC type were higher than in steers with TT type (p<0.05). Conclusion: The interaction between vitamin A restriction and TC type of ADH1C gene could have the potential of increasing the marbling in Korean native steers. These results indicated that steers with TC type of the ADH1C gene were more sensitive to the change of serum vitamin A than TT types. Furthermore, this finding has the potential to enable a higher marbling score under the condition of vitamin A restriction in Korean native steers.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

In this study, 26 normal subjects were studied to compare the biomechanical Analysis of Lower Limbs on Speed of Nordic Walking. The biomechanical variables were determined by performing three-dimensional gait analysis, and the measurements items were spatial and temporal parameters; vertical ground reaction force; and moments of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. The purpose of this study based on the speed of Nordic Walking to the vertical ground reaction force and joint moments of each were analyzed. Nordic Walking with poles while being whether this weight is reduced to load, not the improvement of muscle activity by identify Nordic walking is to allow efficient. The results of the analysis were follows. The spatial parameters of step length, stride length significantly increased with increase in velocity(p<0.001). The temporal parameters of step time, stride time, the duration of double support use, and the duration of single support use also significantly decreased with increase in velocity(p<0.001), but cadence significantly increased(p<0.01). Analysis of the changes in ground reaction force revealed that vertical ground reaction force significantly increased at the initial contact and the terminal stance and decreased at the mid stance with increase in velocity(p<0.001). Moments of the hip and knee joints significantly in creased with increase in velocity whereas that of the ankle joint did not. Gait analysis revealed that weight-bearing decreased and moments of the hip and knee joints increased with increase in velocity(p<0.01). The results of this study may help people perform Nordic walking efficiently and Nordic walking can be used in the gait training of people with an abnormal gait.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1993

The influence of the storage temperature at $15^{\circ}C$ on the biochemical and structural changes in the red muscles (M. sternomandibularis) of korean native cattle postmortem were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1.5 to 2 hours postmortem the pH-value had dropped to $6.7{\sim}6.8$, after 18 or 20 hours at $15^{\circ}C$ it had reached its final pH-value (5.5). The irreversible loss of extensibility, i.e. the onset of rigor mortis, arose at $15^{\circ}C$ between 9 and 10 hours postmortem at pH 6.1 to 6.0 and R-value between 1.05/1.10. The complete loss of extensibility postmortem was reached after 18 to 20 hours at pH 5.5/5.6. Muscle and sarcomere length of korean native cattle were contracted about 20% and 15%, respectively at $15^{\circ}C$. Meat of korean native cattle had the highest shear force (4.7 kg) on 1 day after slaughter. The tenderness was increased with the ripening period prolonged and was highest at the end of the 9 day ripening period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

In order to assess the effect of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on meat and wool production, 30 male crossbred lambs (3-4 months) of uniform body weight were assigned equally to five dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The CSM was processed by three different methods i.e., cooking the meal at $100^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes, treatment with 1% calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) for 24 h and iron treatment in the ratio of 1 part free gossypol (FG) to 0.3 parts of iron for 30 minutes. The lambs were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures, containing 30% deoiled peanut meal (reference diet) and 40% of either raw, cooked, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM for 180 days. The raw and variously processed CSM replaced about 50% nitrogen of reference concentrate mixture. The concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of the protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum chopped maize (Zea mays) hay. The slaughter weight, empty body weight and carcass weight was higher ($p{\leq}0.01$) in lambs fed cooked CSM incorporated diets, compared to diets containing deoiled peanut meal (DPNM). These parameters were not influenced by feeding diets containing either raw, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM in comparison DPNM diets. The carcass length, loin eye area and edible and inedible portion of carcass and the meat: bone ratio in whole carcass were also not affected by feeding CSM based diets. Among various primal cuts, the yield of legs was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) from raw CSM fed lambs in comparison to DPNM fed lambs. The fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle was reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) in lambs fed processed CSM based diets compared to those fed DPNM diet. Replacing DPNM with either raw or processed CSM based diets did not influence the sensory attributes and overall acceptability of meat. The wool yield was higher ($p{\leq}0.05$) in iron treated CSM fed lambs. The fibre length and fibre diameter were comparable among lambs on various dietary regimes. Among lambs fed variously processed CSM diets, the feed cost per kg of edible meat production was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) on $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM, followed by cooked CSM diet and then on raw CSM based diets compared to DPNM diet. The CSM after 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment or cooking for 45 minutes appears to be a satisfactory protein supplement in lamb diets for meat and wool production to replace at least 50% nitrogen of scarce and costly peanut meal.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

Prosthetic replacement is one of the most common methods of reconstruction after resection of malignant tumor around the knee. Gait analysis provides a relative objective data about the gait function of patients with prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the gait pattern of the patients who underwent limb salvage surgery with prosthesis for distal femur and that of patients with prosthesis for proximal tibia. This study included ten patients (4 males, 6 females, mean age 22.7 years, range 14-36) who underwent a wide resection and Kotz hinged modular reconstruction prosthesis replacement and six normal adult(Control). The site of bone tumor was the distal femur (Group 1) in six patients and proximal tibia (Group 2) in 4 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 82 months (mean : 33 months). The evaluation consisted of clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, gait analysis using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The gait analysis included the linear parameters such as, walking velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, swing time, single support and double support time and the three-dimensional kinematics (joint rotation angle, velocity of joint rotation) of ankle, knee, hip and pelvis in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. For the kinetic evaluation, the moment of force (unit: Nm/kg) and power (unit: Watt/kg) of ankle, knee and hip joint in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. In the linear parameters, cadence, velocity, step time and single support were decreased in both group 1 and group 2 compared with control. Double support decreased in group 2 compared with control significantly(p<.05). In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. In Kinematics, we observed significant difference (p<.05) of decreased knee flexion in loading response (G2

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to confirm the anatomic conformity of the new periarticular locking plates designed by Zimmer on Korean adult bones and to identify the structures at risk during the application of these implants. Methods: The study was performed on the humerus, radius, and tibia of 10 adult cadavers(6 males and 4 females) procured from the cadaveric lab of our hospital. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays were taken to confirm that the cadavers were free of any unusual lesions or anatomic variations. We used the 3.5-mm proximal humerus plate, 2.7-mm distal radius plate, 3.5- and 5.0-mm proximal tibia plates, and 3.5-mm distal tibia plate developed by Zimmer, Inc. (Zimmer periarticular locking plate). The longest plate from each group was used to confirm anatomical conformity. Standard approaches were used for each area, and soft tissue was retracted in order to pass the plate beneath the muscle. The position of the plate was confirmed using standard AP and lateral view X-rays. After this procedure had been completed, the region was dissected along the length of the implant to determine the conformity of the implant to bone and the penetrations of screws into the articular surface or violations of any vital structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, or tendons. Results: Excellent anatomical conformity was observed with Zimmer periarticular locking plates for Korean adults. The tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery were found to be structures at risk when applying a distal tibial plate. Conclusion: Additional posterolateral fixation is recommended when dealing with cases of tibial plateau fracture when the fracture line extends to the posterolateral cortex. We recommend taking proper views using 10~15 degrees of internal rotation to ensure correct screw length and, thus, avoid penetration of vital structures and tendons.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-82
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• 1994

In order to find out physiological effects of diets supplemented with seamustard (Undaria pinnatifida) on the growth, survival rate, body compositions and blood properties of young rockfishes (Sebastes schlegeli) in range of average total length from $2.99{\pm}0.23\;cm\;to\;18.52{\pm}1.07\;cm$ and average body weight from $1.03{\pm}0.18\;g\;to\;120.64{\pm}19.32\;g$, experiments were performed for 140 days by feeding four experimental diets supplemented with $0\%,\;3\%,\;5\%\;and\;7\%$ of seamustard powder. In addition, the tests on tolerance of the fishes against low $O_2$ saturation and starvation were carried out after the feeding experiments. The fishes fed diet supplemented with $5\%$ of seamustard powder revealed the best results in growth of total length and body weight. Crude lipid content in the whole viscera of fishes fed diets supplemented with seamustard powder was higher than that of fishes fed diet without seamustard powder, while the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash composition in the dorsal muscle did not show any remarkable differences among diet groups with or without seamustard powder. Hematocrit and mean number of red blood cell in fishes fed diets supplemented with seamustard powder was elevated, despite of no notable changes in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The resistance of the fish to low $O_2$ saturation was elevated by feeding seamustard powder. Upon the starvation of fish for 31 days after the feeding experiments, body weight loss of three groups fed diets with seamustard was smaller compared with the group fed diet without seamustard.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.67-84
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to see how the stability of posture due to elastic band during plank movement affects walking. Thirty healthy men in their 20s were given a total of 30 minutes of 10 general plank exercises, 10 plank exercises with two hip joints adduction, and 10 plank exercises with one hip joint adduction. The plank movement was conducted three times a week for a total of six weeks, with a five-minute warm-up. The results of this study are as follows: There was a significant difference between period and group interactions on cadence (p<0.05), with significant difference between the period and group between the left foot on stride length of the left side foot (p<0.05), with significant difference between the period and the period of the interaction between the right foot and the period on stride length of the right side foot (p<0.05), and a one-step change between the right foot and the military interaction on Step time of the right side foot(p<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the resistance movement on the adduction of both hips increases the instability of the trunk over the normal plank movement and adduction of one hip, thereby enhancing walking ability along with the stability of the trunk.