• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2011

The effect of compression wear for sport performance and muscle function was investigated based on the physiological test and electromyograph(EMG). The EMG test was used to study muscle activity after fitting the compression wear during exercise. It showed slight difference between men and women testee groups in the results of anaerobic, aerobic, fatigue, and EMG test due to muscle content in the body. In addition, the exercise performance was increased to some extent even the muscle activity was decreased. It is estimated that the compression effect to muscle by the compression wear decreased the muscle vibration and improved blood circulation which helped the entire sport performance. However, it is necessary to study the effect of compression wear in long-term wearing in the future study.

• Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2017

Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of muscle mass and function with aging. Recently sarcopenia was recognized as a clinical disease by the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, Clinical Modification. An imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation causes a gradual loss of muscle mass, resulting in a decline of muscle function as a progress of sarcopenia. Many mechanisms involved in the onset of sarcopenia include age-related factors as well as activity-, disease-, and nutrition-related factors. The stage of sarcopenia reflecting the severity of conditions assists clinical management of sarcopenia. It is important that systemic descriptions of the disease conditions include age, sex, and other environmental risk factors as well as levels of physical function. To develop a new therapeutic intervention needed is the detailed understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms by which apoptosis, autophagy, atrophy, and hypertrophy occur in the muscle stem cells, myotubes, and/or neuromuscular junction. The new strategy to managing sarcopenia will be signal-modulating small molecules, natural compounds, repurposing of old drugs, and muscle-specific microRNAs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2015

Attenuated functional exercise capacity in elderly and diseased populations is a common problem, and stems primarily from physical inactivity. Decreased function and exercise capacity can be restored by maintaining muscular strength and mass, which are key factors in an independent and healthy life. Resistance exercise has been used to prevent muscle loss and improve muscular strength and mass. However, the intensities necessary for traditional resistance training to increase muscular strength and mass may be contraindicated for some at risk populations, such as diseased populations and the elderly. Therefore, an alternative exercise modality is required. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) with low intensity resistance exercise (LIRE) has been used for such special populations to improve their function and exercise capacity. Although BFR+LIRE has been intensively studied for a decade, a comprehensive review detailing the effects of BFR+LIRE on both skeletal muscle and vascular function is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss previous studies documenting the effects of BFR+LIRE on hormonal and transcriptional factors in muscle hypertrophy and vascular function, including changes in hemodynamics, and endothelial function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2006

Purpose: This study is intended to examine the aquatic exercise on the improvement of muscle atrophy and motor function in an ischemic stroke model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: We used 60 Sprague-Dawely rats which were divided into 4 groups; the subjects were divided into group of 5 rats. Group I was a group of high dose aquatic exercise after inducing ischemic stroke; Group II was a group of low dose aquatic exercise after inducing ischemic stroke; Group III was a control group, Group IV was a sham group without ischemic stroke. Results: Muscle weight of gastrocnemius muscle was significantly difference in Group II compared to Group III on 8 weeks(p<0.05). For the changes in relative muscle weight of gastrocnemius muscle, there was significant increase in Group II compared to Group III on 8 weeks(p<0.05). For neurologic exercise behavior test, Group II generally had the highest score, compared to other groups. The results of behavior test that Group II improved in degeneration and inflammation of muscle fiber and decreased in destruction of nerve cells and cerebral infarction, indicating a similar state of muscle fiber and brain to Group III. Conclusion: Based on these results, aquatic exercise may improve muscle atrophy and contribute to the improvement of motor function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.123-128
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and horseback riding using a robotic device on the trunk muscle activity and gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia. Methods: Children with spastic diplegia were divided into two groups: an experimental group (NMES and horseback riding using a robotic device [n=10]) and a control group (placebo NMES and horseback riding using a robotic device [n=10]). Each group received general physical therapy and occupational therapy. Each intervention involved the administration of NMES for 15 minutes and horseback riding using robotic device therapy for 15 minutes three times a week for 4 weeks. The evaluation included both the rectus abdominis muscles (RA), external oblique muscles (EO), thoracic paraspinal muscles (TP), and lumbar paraspinal muscles (LP) activity and GMFM. Results: The RA, EO, TP, and LP muscle activity, GMFM C, D, and E were increased significantly in the experimental and control groups. A significant increase in both the TP muscle activity and GMFM D was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that horseback riding using a robotic device is an effective intervention for trunk muscle activity and GMFM in children with spastic diplegia. However, if NMES is added to the back muscles, it is possible to further increase the thoracic paraspinal muscle activity and standing ability.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate effect of core stabilization exercises on the erector spinae contractile properties and trunk isokinetic muscle function of middle age with low physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Method: Twenty (female: n=10, male: n=10) middle-age subjects (age: 37.25 ± 6.08 years, height: 168.01 ± 6.84 cm, weight: 71.37 ± 11.75 kg) participated in this study. Tensiomyography was measured on the erector spinae, and the isokinetic trunk muscle function test was measured at an angular velocity of 60 °/s and 90 °/s. All subjects performed the core stabilization exercises for 60 min per day, 3 times a week, for 7 weeks. A paired t-test was performed with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Tensiomyography of the erector spinae revealed a significant post-exercise increase in the maximum radial displacement (p < .05) and velocity of contraction (p < .05), however, there wasn't a significant post-exercise change in the contraction time. Additionally, the isokinetic muscle function test of the trunk revealed a significant post-exercise increase in trunk extensor relative strength (p < .05) and strength ratio (p < .05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that core stabilization exercises reduced erector spinae muscle stiffness, increased the velocity of erector spinae contraction. Additionally, data showed the improvement in the trunk extensor strength help induce a more balanced development in trunk muscle.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) respiratory muscle strengthening exercise on the pulmonary function, back pain, and disability level of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: There were 24 CLBP patients randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 12) who took part in PNF respiratory muscle strengthening exercise and the control group (n = 12) who performed a mock treatment. Both groups performed their respective interventions for 15 min five times per week for four weeks. The pulmonary function was measured using a portable spirometer. The back pain of the participants was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The Oswestry disability index was conducted to measure disability level. A paired t-test was performed to compare within-group changes before and after the PNF respiratory muscle strengthening exercise. Differences between the experimental and the control groups were analyzed using an independent t-test. For all tests, the level of statistical significance was α = 0.05. Results: The within-group change in pulmonary function was significantly different in the experimental group (p < 0.05), and the levels of back pain and disability were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). There was also a significant between-group difference in pulmonary function, back pain, and disability level after intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PNF respiratory muscle strengthening exercise enhances pulmonary function and reduces levels of back pain and disability in patients with CLBP.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.141-146
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different frequency on muscle function of the thigh in patients with degenerative knee arthritis during the functional electrical stimulation (FES). Method: For this study, 16 male participants over 65 who patients with degenerative knee arthritis were recruited as research participants. In this research, isokinetic muscular function, EMG, and joint position sensation were performed after FES treatment was applied for three conditions (FES 20, FES 50, and Without FES). For each dependent variable, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was to determine whether there were significant differences among three different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed by using the contrast procedure. Results: When compared to FES 50 and without FES, FES 20 causes significant increase in isometric knee extension strength. No significant differences were found in EMG values across different EMS conditions. Conclusion: The present study examined isokinetic muscular function, EMG, and joint position sensation in order to investigate the effects of different frequency muscle function of knee extensors during the functional electrical stimulation. The results of this study showed that FES with 20 Hz frequency had positive effect on knee extensor. Based on the findings of the present study, FES with lower frequency may help the performer to focus on developing strength in knee extensor muscles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of respiratory muscle strengthening training on pulmonary function and gait ability in patients with subacute stroke. METHODS: Eighteen inpatients with subacute stroke were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomized into two group. All study groups participated in a conventional stroke rehabilitation intervention 30minutes a day 5 times a week for 4 weeks. For subjects from the experimental group, respiratory muscle strengthening training was performed: 30minutes a day 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Outcomes such as the pulmonary function(Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, Maximal Voluntary Ventilation) and gait ability(10m walk test, 6 minute walk test) were measured before and after training. RESULT: There were significant differences of pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1 and MVV) and gait ability(10m walk test, 6minute walk test) between pre and post in the experimental group. In comparison of two group, experimental group was significant different pulmonary function(FVC, FEV1, MVV) and gait ability(6minute walk test) than control group. but, There was no significant difference of the gait ability(10m walk test). CONCLUSION: This study showed experimental group can be used to improve pulmonary function and gait ability than control group. These findings suggest that the respiratory muscle strengthening training effect on pulmonary function and gait ability for rehabilitation in patients with subacute stroke.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2001

The effects of brisk walking & muscle strengthening exercise on pain, fatigue, physical function & disease activity were examined in 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Research design was a quasi-experimental study of non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. 14 for the experimental group and 14 for the control group were selected from the out patients on rheumatoid arthritis clinic of Dong-A University Hospital. The experimental group underwent 16 weeks of brisk walking and muscle strengthening exercise using Thera-Band. Pain, fatigue, physical function & disease activity was measured before and after 16 weeks of exercise. At baseline test, Fatigue & physical function score between groups were significantly different. So differences with in experimental group(baseline versus follow up) were compared with differences within the control group by Mann-Whitney test. There were significant differences between groups in the difference score on pain (U=6.50 p<.001) and fatigue (U=26.5 p<.01). For the experimental group, the score on the pain & fatigue was significantly decreased but no changed for the control group. Also there was a significant differences between groups in the difference score of the physical function (U=22.5 p<.001). For the experimental group, the score of the physical function has been significantly in creased. However, for the control group, it has been no changed. But there were no significant differences between groups in the ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and the CRP (C-reactive protein)level. In summary, brisk walking & muscle strengthening exercise led to significant improvements in pain, fatigue, and physical function without exacerbating disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.