• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and muscle damage parameters after eccentric exercise. 80 collegiate males were instructed to take an eccentric exercise with the elbow flexor muscle through the modified preacher curl machine for 2 sets of 25 cycles (total 50 cycles). The maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured before exercise, and 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs after exercise. The result showed that after the eccentric exercise, the maximal isometric strength significantly decreased by more than 50% (p < 0.001) and the muscle soreness, CK, and Mb significantly increased compared to those before the exercise (p < 0.001). The ACE gene polymorphism of the subjects was classified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The result showed that it consisted of 38 cases of type II (46.4%), 33 cases of type ID (43.4%), and 9 cases of type DD (10.2%). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for ACE gene polymorphism was shown to have p = 0.653, which showed that each allele was evenly distributed. Although significant differences in the changes in the maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness, CK, and Mb were found according to time course (p < 0.001), no significant differences in the changes in the maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness, CK, and Mb were found according to ACE gene polymorphism. Furthermore, no significant difference in the changes in the muscle damage parameters was found according to interaction between ACE gene polymorphism and time course (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the level of the muscle damage parameters changed in the injured muscle after eccentric exercise, but these changes in the muscle damage parameters were not affected by ACE gene polymorphism. The result of this study indicates that ACE gene is not a candidate gene that explains muscle damage.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to help the women with stress urinary incontinence lead more comfortable life, by letting them to do pelvic muscle exercise and to learn by direct experience the effect that urinary incontinence is controlled. The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 16 middle-aged women(over 38) with stress urinary incontinence. The study was conducted from August 1, to October 11, 1999. Women trained themselves for muscular strength and endurance, every the other day for each exercise for six weeks at home(that means each exercise for more than three days a week) in the pelvic muscle exercise program which was developed by Dougherty et al., and filled out exercise participation card every week. They visited laboratory once a week to get visual feedback, by means of Perineometer, of how the pelvic muscle exercise was going on. Stress Urinary Incontinence Scale that Lee, Young-Sook revised and supplemented Hendrickson's original scale was used for measuring the frequency and situation scores of urinary incontinence, "30 minute pad test" was carried out for measuring the amount of urinary incontinence, and Perineometer was used for measuring maximum vaginal contraction pressure. Percentage, mean, standard deviation and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used for data analysis by means of SPSS/PC+ WIN 9.0 program. The results were summarized as follows : The hypothesis 1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly degree of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported. The hypothesis 1-1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly frequency of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.003). The hypothesis 1-2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the situation scores of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.044). The hypothesis 2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the amount of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.001). The hypothesis 3 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the maximum vaginal contraction pressure would increase compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.012). These results suggest that pelvic muscle exercise program has an effect on women with stress urinary incontinence in the degree and amount of urinary incontinence and maximum vaginal contraction pressure. So it is judged that training women with stress urinary incontinence for pelvic muscle exercise is an effective nursing intervention strategy in order to care urinary incontinence.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the Influence of muscle strengthening exercise and stretching exercise of trunk extensor muscles on muscular strength and flexibility in adolescent of the twenties. Methods : Muscle strengthening exercise group(n=10), stretching exercise group(n=10) and strengthening and stretching exercise group(n=10) were measured muscular strength by digital back and leg dynamometer and flexibility by sit and reach test and trunk extension test at pre-intervention and post-intervention in 4weeks. Results : The flexibility 1, flexibility 2 and muscular strength of muscle strengthening exercise group were significantly increased within the intervention period(p<.05). The flexibility 2 and muscular strength of stretching exercise group were significantly increased within the intervention period(p<.05). but flexibility 1 was not significantly different at in 4 weeks(p>.05). The flexibility 1, flexibility 2 and muscular strength of muscle strengthening and stretching exercise group were significantly increased within the intervention period(p<.05). Conclusion : We were found that muscle strengthening exercise and stretching exercise of trunk extensor muscles could improve muscular strength and flexibility for adolescent of the twenties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2012

This study is to compare muscle strength between isotonic exercise and isotonic & isokinetic exercise. Participants are 12-man and 10-woman whom they are healthy without medical history in shoulder, elbow and lumbar joint. We performed experiment total 4-weeks that exercise 3-days a week each exercise pattern. We measured shoulder, elbow and lumbar joint torque with BIODEX and circumference of muscle in upper arms once a week. The result showed that isotonic & isokinetic exercise pattern significantly more improved joint torque in shoulder, elbow, lumbar than isotonic exercise pattern. Because that isotonic & isokinetic exercise pattern supplied muscle strengthen and caused muscle contraction. This exercise pattern can be used new exercise training method for major athlete and normal people. Also this pattern can be used rehabilitation treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

Purpose: In the present study, the degree of subjective pain in chronic low back pain patients through the course of six week of yoga low back pain exercise and lumbar extensor muscle strengthening training was analyzed, and a systematic and effective home exercise therapy program was proposed. Methods: For this study, we sampled 21 random patients with chronic low back pain who were receiving outpatient treatment at G Hospital Pusan, and conducted experiment for six weeks by applying yoga low back pain exercise+modalities (7) lumbar extensor muscle endurance exercise+ modalities (7) and modalities (7). To measure the degree of pain, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire were used. Pain was measured before the experiment and after six weeks. Results: Significant differences were observed between yoga, extensor muscle endurance exercise and modalities (VAS=0.00 Oswestry=0.00). The yoga and extensor endurance muscle exercise reduced low back pain by more than the modalities. Conclusion: This study will be used to develop a preventive and reduction method of LBP. Therefore, Yoga and extensor muscle endurance exercise are appropriate for use as a home program exercise to reduce low back pain in patients.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of supplementation of mulberry powder, mulberry extract and silkworm powder during the 8 weeks of resistance exercise on muscle increase of rats. Fifty males, Sprague-Dawley rat, were randomly divided into 5 groups: CON(control group, n = 10), REG(resistance exercise group, n = 10), MP REG(mulberry powder intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10), ME REG(mulberry extract intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10) and SP REG(silkworm powder intake and resistance exercise group, n = 10). After climbing the ladder without weights during the 1 week of adaptation period, the rats in the resistance exercise group were trained to climb a 0.98-m vertical(80 degree incline) ladder with weights in their tail during 7 weeks(10 times each day, 2 days per week). After exercise, the skeletal muscle was extracted from the flexor hallucis longus. The absolute weight of skeletal muscle was measured by the electronic balance and the relative weight of skeletal muscle about the weight was calculated. The strength and density of legs muscle were analyzed by the computed tomography scan. After 8 weeks of resistance exercise, the absolute weight of skeletal muscle wasn't significant, but it increased in MP REG 8%, ME REG 8% and SP REG 10% compared to REG. The relative weight of skeletal muscle increased significantly in SP REG compared to REG (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant increase of density and strength of the forelegs in SP REG compared to CON (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant increase of density and strength of the hind legs. In conclusion, regular resistance exercise made rats muscle increase and there was more muscle increase effected by providing silkworm.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.153-161
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• 2011

The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is very important for the prevention of life style-related diseases and the improvement of quality of life. It is well-known that resistance exercise and nutrition (especially amino acids) are the most effective interventions for maintaining skeletal muscle mass. It has been reported that many molecules are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis in response to resistance exercise and nutrition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle protein synthesis is crucial for the development of appropriate interventions. The role of intracellular signaling pathways through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis, has been extensively investigated for these years. Control of protein synthesis by mTOR is mediated through phosphorylation of downstream targets that modulate translation initiation and elongation step. In contrast, upstream mediators regulating mTOR and protein synthesis in response to resistance exercise and amino acid still needed to be determined. In this brief review, we discuss the current progress of intracellular mechanisms for exercise- and amino acid-induced activation of mTOR pathways and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1975-1980
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• 2020

Background: It has been argued that changes in muscle activity in the upper trapezius and serratus anterior may or may not cause shoulder joint pain and dysfunction. Objective: To investigate the effects of active vibration exercise on muscle activity regarding scapular stabilization using a flexi-bar. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 24 subjects were randomly assigned to a flexi-bar group with active vibration and general stick group with non-active vibration. Both groups performed the same four action programs for 6 weeks, three times a week for 30 minutes at a time. The upper trapezius muscle, middle trapezius muscle, lower trapezius muscle and serratus anterior muscle of the dominant side was measured by electromyography before and after the 6 weeks of exercise. The independent t-test and paired t-test were used to analyze data. Results: There was a significant difference between groups in upper trapezius muscle and serratus anterior muscle activity after exercise (P<.05). Also, there was a significant difference in upper trapezius muscle and serratus anterior muscle activity before and after exercise in the flexi-bar group (P<.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that active vibration exercise using a flexi-Bar contribute to reduce the activity of the upper trapezius muscle and promote the activity of the serratus anterior muscle.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1717-1724
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• 2019

Background : Several studies have suggested different arguments for the effect of stretching exercises and core muscle exercises on flexibility and balance ability. Objective : To determine the effects of stretching exercises and core muscle exercise on flexibility and balance ability. Design : Quasi experimental research Method : The study applied exercise interventions (three sessions per week for 6 weeks) on 40 subjects. The subjects were divided into stretching and core muscle exerciseing groups to identify the change of flexibility and balance ability. Sit- and- reach test results and hip hyperextension were measured for identifying changes in flexibility, and the Romberg test and Pedalo stabilizer were used for changes in balance ability. Results : Both the stretching exercise and core muscle exercise groups showed a statistically significant increase in flexibility (p<.05). However, the stretching exercise group showed a statistically significant increase in balance ability (p<.05), whereas the core muscle exercise group showed partially statistically significant differences in this par t(p>.05). In the analysis of the differences in the amount of change in flexibility, based on the types of exercise, stretching exercises showed a significant difference (p<.05), whereas a significant difference was not found in the amount of change in balance ability (p>.05). Conclusions : These findings indicate that stretching exercises are the more effective intervention for improving and maintaining flexibility, whereas there is no difference between stretching and core muscle exercises with respect to improving balance ability.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2021

Objective: Through comparative analysis of muscle activity for whole-body vibration, walking and running movements, it is to verify the training effect of whole-body vibration exercise in terms of amount of exercise and muscle activity characteristics. Method: Flat ground walking and slope walking (10 degrees) at a speed of 5 km/h, flat ground running and slope running (10 degrees) at a speed of 11 km/h for running were performed on treadmill, and squats were maintained at 12 Hz, 20 Hz, and 29 Hz conditions on Whole body vibration exercise equipment (Galileo). Muscle activity was analyzed through EMG analysis device for one minute for each condition. Results: The Anterior Tibialis and Erector Spinae show greater exercise effect in whole-body vibration than walking and running. The Rectus Femoris, Biceps Femoris, and Gluteus Maximus have the best effect of exercise in flat running. Whole-body vibration exercise showed greater muscle activation effect as the frequency increased, and exercise effect similar to walking during the same exercise time. Conclusion: The amount of exercise through Whole-body vibration exercise was similar to that of walking exercise, and the Anterior Tibialis and Erector Spinae shows better exercise effect than walking and running.