• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2018

Purpose: In the age of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and digital volume tomography (DVT), with their outstanding post-processing capabilities, indications for planar radiography for the study of the dentition of ancient Egyptian mummies may easily be overlooked. In this article, the advantages and limitations of different approaches and projections are discussed for planar oral and maxillofacial radiography using portable digital X-ray equipment during archaeological excavations. Furthermore, recommendations are provided regarding projections and sample positioning in this context. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 specimens, including 19 skeletonized mandibles, 14 skeletonized skulls, 18 separate mummified heads, and 4 partially preserved mummies were imaged using portable digital X-ray equipment in the course of archaeological excavations led by the University of Basel in the Valley of the Kings between 2009 and 2012. Images were evaluated by 2 authors with regard to the visibility of diagnostically relevant dental structures using a 4-point grading system(Likert scale). Results: Overall, the visibility of diagnostically relevant dental structures was rated highest by both authors on X-ray images acquired using a dental detector. The tube-shift technique in the lateral projections of mandibular dentition achieved the second-best rating, and lateral projections achieved the third-best rating. Conclusion: Conventional planar digital X-ray imaging, due to its ubiquity, remains an excellent method-and often the only practicable one-for examining the skulls and teeth of ancient Egyptian mummies under field conditions. Radiographic images of excellent diagnostic quality can be obtained, if an appropriate methodology regarding the selected projections and sample placement is followed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 2000

Although the mummies of Lee Myeong-Jung and his wife who were a member of the Moon family, were buried in similar sites in around 1560, the degree of decay of the dead bodies and antiquities between two people were quite different. This study was focused on the cause of-those differences in terms of engineering geology. Cranular soil found several metered depth around the study site has good drainage ability and such characteristic could be a factor of excellent conservation of dead body. From the physical characteristics of the lime-containing material that is considered to be a barrier from water and air, it was observed that the material around dead body of wife was more compact and denser than that of husband. Such results could be a clear evidence that the lime containing material around dead body of wife was excellent barrier for keeping away from water and air. To investigate those differences of physical characteristics and constituent materials between two lime-containing materials, minerals had to be identified from the two materials. It was revealed that lime-containing material around dead body of wife contains gypsum and more calcite, which could be the reason for better barrier preventing from water and air than those around husband.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

Paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations. Although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world, the same sorts of studies had not, until very recently, been conducted in sufficient numbers in Korea. Mummified remains of individuals dating to the Korean Joseon Dynasty actually have proved very meaningful to concerned researchers, owing particularly to their superb preservation status, which makes them ideal subjects for paleoparasitological studies. Over the past several years, our study series on Korean mummies has yielded very pertinent data on parasitic infection patterns prevailing among certain Joseon Dynasty populations. In this short review, we summarized the findings and achievements of our recent paleoparasitological examinations of Joseon mummies and discussed about the prospects for future research in this vein.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.367-370
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• 1998

Monilina fructicola, the brown rot fungus of stone fruits, was isolated from overwintering mummies and peduncles on peach trees from February to March, 1998. The resistant population of these isolates to benzimidazole (benomyl, carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl) and dicarboximide (iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone) was examined. Among 417 isolates, the incidence of isolates resistant to benomyl, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl were 45 (10.8%), 47 (11.3%), and 46 (11.0%), respectively. Forty two (10.0%) isolates showed cross-resistance to benzimidazole fungicides. On the other hand, the resistant isolates against iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone were 186 (44.6%), 1 (0.2%) and 150 (36.0%), respectively. Among the isolates, 116 (27.8%) showed cross-resistance to iprodione and procymidone. Moreover, 27 (6.5%) of 417 isolates showed double-resistance to both benzimidazole (benomyl) and dicarboximide (iprodione).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 2014

To investigate the biological control of Aulacorthum solani, a comparative analysis was carried out using an indigenous natural enemy, Ephedrus plagiator, and an exotic parasitoid, Aphidius ervi. Lifespan, spawning periods, number of mummies, number of offspring, and developmental periods of the two parasitoids on Aulacorthum solani and Acyrthosiphon pisum were studied at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ with a photoperiod 16 h (L): 8 h (D). The lifespan of E. plagiator (5.3 days) was relatively higher than that of A. ervi (2.3 days) when these parasitoids were reared on A. solani at $15^{\circ}C$. Similarly, the spawning period of E. plagiator (5.3 days) was longer than that of A. ervi (2.2 days). When the two aphid parasitoids were provisioned with A. solani, the numbers of E. plagiator mummies at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ were 71.5, 41, 15.7, and 7.7, respectively, whereas at the same temperatures, the numbers of A. ervi mummies were 22.1 16.3, 6.2, and 0.4, respectively. In contrast, when provision with A. pisum, the numbers of E. plagiator mummies at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ were 70.3, 69.8, 34.3, and 8.4, whereas the numbers of A. ervi mummies were 93.4, 71.2, 34.8, and 14.5, respectively. The numbers of E. plagiator offspring emerging at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ were 42.1, 36, 11.6, and 0, whereas the numbers of A. ervi offspring emerging were relatively lower at 19.6, 13.5, 3.7, and 0.1, respectively. By comparing these results, it can be concluded that E. plagiator is a more efficient parasitoid of A. solani, whereas A. ervi is more efficient on A. pisum.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.2 s.143
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• pp.227-234
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• 2006

For the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly, aphids, American leaf-miners, Encarsia formosa, Aphidius coiemani, Diglyphus isaea, and Dacnusa sibirica were used as biological control factors. Otherwise, many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials were also used in the kindly environment friendly farming. For testing the toxicity of environment friendly agricultural materials against to insect parasitoids as biological control factors, 61 environment friendly agricultural materials were selected by using methods and periods with insect parasitoids in the greenhouses. Environment friendly agricultural materials were sprayed to mummies and adults of E. formosa and A. colemani, and adults of Diglyphus isaea and Dacnusa sibirica in laboratory condition. Emergence rates were checked during 12 days after spray to mummies of E. formosa and A. colemani, and survival rates were at 24 and 48 hours after viral test for adult parasitoids, with 10% sugar solution. Emergence rates of E. formosa mummies were inhibited by sprayed the fungicidal environment friendly agricultural material (FEFAM) E and the environment friendly agricultural materials contained molybdenum (EFAMMo) G as 0.4 and 2.7%, respectively. E. formosa adults were not survived in vial for 48hours after sprayed and dried with the environment friendly agricultural materials contained plant extract (EFAMPE) J and the EFAMMo C. The environment friendly agricultural materials contained microelements (EFAMMEs) B and EFAMPE H, environment friendly agricultural materials contained useful soil microorganisms (EFAMSMs) H, FEFAM A and FEFAM D were recorded low survival rates of E. formosa adults with 6.7, 13.3, 13.3, 20.0 and 20.0, respectively. In case of the spraying environment friendly agricultural materials to mummies of A. colemani there were low emergence rate from mummies to adults as around 20s % with water spraying as control. A. colemani adults were not survived in vial with EFAMMo C. EFAMPE J, EFAMPE F, EFAMPE H, EFAMSM H were recorded low survival rates under 20% as 6.7, 13.3, 13.3 and 13.3, respectively, D. isaea and D. sibirica adults were not survived in vial with EFAMPE J. EFAMMo C was 53.3% of survival rates in 48 hours vial tests. D. isaea and D. sibirica were not affected by environment friendly agricultural materials compared with E. formosa and A. colemani.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 1994

Mummification, host selection and biological characteristics of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, were studied. The soybean aphid mummies which were infected by primary parasitoids or hyherparasitoids were collected at Taejon area from May to September in 1987 Primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids were emerged 27.1% and 50.3%, from 177 collected mummies. respectively Aphidius cingulatus, Ephedrus persicae and Ephedres plagiator could be effective primary parasitoids against the soybean aphid. Among the hyperparasitoids, Asaphes unlgaris and Ardilea conuexa might be dominant species to primary parasitoids of the soybean aphid. Charips brasicae was recorded for the first time in Korea E.plagiator was less parasitized than any other primary parasitoid by hyperparasitoids. E. plagiator might be higher than A. cingulatus in the ability of prarsitism. Life span of hyperparasitoid and primary parasitoid was estimated to be 3~29 days and 1~4 days, respectively.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

The fruits showing brown rot symptom on dwarf flowering almond were found in Gongju, Chungchungnam-Do in Korea in July 2005. Small water-soaked lesions on the fruits were initiated, and gradually developed to soft rot covered with gray conidia. Then the diseased fruits were shrunk and became grayish-black mummies. A fungus was isolated from the diseased fruit and its morphological, cultural and molecular genetic characteristics were investigated. Typical blastospores of Monilinia spp. were observed under a light microscope both from tissues of the diseased fruits and from PDA-grown cultures. The fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and on PDA. The ITS ribosomal DNA region (650 bp) of the fungus was amplified by PCR and analyzed. Comparative data on ITS sequence homology among Monilinia spp., ITS sequence-based phylogram and morphological characteristics showed that the fungus is Monilinia fructicola. This is the first report on Monilinia fructicola causing brown rot on fruits of dwarf flowering almond in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.635-638
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• 2019

Horace N. Allen, an American physician, was a Presbyterian missionary to Korea. In 1886, he wrote the annual report of the Korean government hospital, summarizing patient statistics according to outpatient and inpatient classification for the first ever in Korean history. In the report, he speculated that hemoptysis cases of outpatient might have been mainly caused by distoma. Allen's conjecture was noteworthy because only a few years lapsed since the first scientific report of paragonimiasis. However, he was not sure of his assumption either because it was not evidently supported by proper microscopic or post-mortem examinations. In this letter, we thus revisit his assumption with our parasitological data recently obtained from Joseon period mummies.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.345-387
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• 2023

Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea's past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.