• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.899-909
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• 2021

In Musculoskeletal ultrasound examination, a linear transducer (12-5 MHz) with a contact surface length of 6 cm, which is commonly distributed in medical institutions, does not contact with bent fingers and wrist depressions only by using a conventional liquid ultrasound gel, which causes image loss. In order to solve this image loss, the use of commercially available Water gel pad is increasing. However, it is a disposable medical product. Repeated use is prohibited and expensive. In this study, in order to reduce the economic burden caused by the use of the commercialized Water gel Pad, we searched for water-soluble food thickener powder that can be easily purchased around our lives and manufactured Gel pads. Among them, kappa-Carrageenan Gel Pad, iota-Carrageenan Gel Pad, and Agar-Agar Gel Pad satisfied the evaluation criteria without artifacts in image evaluation using the N-365 Multipurpose Phantom. Also, the price to purchase the food thickener powder was about 38 times cheaper than the existing commercialized Water gel pad. As a result, if you use the food thickener powder such as kappa-Carrageenan, iota-Carrageenan and Agar-Agar to make solidified elastic Gel pad without a cover instead of the commercially available expensive disposable Water gel pad, the convenience and usefulness of use are improved. It is judged that the manufactured Gel pads can contribute well to the role of efficient ultrasound propagation medium.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.443-452
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• 2021

The authors obtained the discrete hedging rule for a reservoir's water supply operation by applying mixed-integer programming to save more water by earlier rationing of water supply for a drought period. The 'water supply adjustment guide' is the current operational method applied to the multipurpose reservoirs, and it was derived by a simulation method. Applying the two rules to the Hapcheon multipurpose dam's reservoir simulations with the inflow record from 2003 to 2018, the water supply deficit occurred for the long drought from 2015 to 2018. Especially, the no water supply or intermittent water supply persisted for the second half of 2017. The water supply adjustment guide had the 'normal water supply recovery threshold on storage,' which resulted in the water supply being unavailable in July 2017; then, the water supply suspension occurred until January 2018, when the reservoir storage was greater than the normal water supply recovery threshold. Despite the storage increasing due to the inflow of water into the reservoir, the suspension occurrence needs to be improved in practice. The current water supply adjustment guide and the discrete hedging rule for a reservoir's water supply operation are useful and realistic as the reservoir operation guide, which shows the concept of reducing water supply during the drought phase as scientific figures. However, to improve the reservoir simulation results, which do not provide any or intermittent water for several months, it is necessary to increase the current water supply reduction for drought phases.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2022

The magnitude and frequency of extreme floods are increasing owing to the effects of climate change. Therefore, multipurpose flood management techniques incorporating nature-based solutions have been introduced to mitigate the limitations of flood management and river design methods relying on existing observation data. Nature-based solutions to prepare for such extreme flooding events include ways to retreat the embankment, expand the floodplain, and reduce flood damage. To apply these technologies, adopting appropriate location selection methods based on various evaluation factors, such as flood damage reduction effects, sustainable ecological environments, river connectivity, and physical channel structure enhancements, should be prioritized. Therefore, in this study, the optimal location for implementing the multipurpose floodplain construction project was determined by selecting the location of the floodplain expansion with objectivity in the river waterfront area upstream of Daecheong Dam to downstream of Yongdam Dam. Through the final location determination, the Dongdaeje and Jeogokje sections were included in the optimal location considering both flood damage reduction and water environment improvement.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.781-789
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• 2009

The absorption coefficients of the materials used in a 1:50 scale model multipurpose hall were measured based on ISO 354 and related laws. The shape and materials for the scale model were evaluated based on reflective surfaces, variable acoustic elements and sound-absorbing quality (125Hz-1kHz average) of seats. The measured average absorption coefficients of audience seats, audience and orchestra were 0.64, 0.74 and 0,45, respectively, which were simulated with the combination of wood, absorption materials and foam board. Various mounting methods for absorption curtain and banner were considered according to the installation methods. The average absorption coefficient was measured as 0.42, 0.47 and 0.45 in the conditions of Type A mounting, E mounting with 0.9 m backing air cavity, and Type G mounting which is suspended at the ceiling, respectively. It was confirmed that the absorption coefficient was increased at low frequency by backing air gap. The finishing material of stage house was an absorption material covered with thin fabric, which aimed average absorption coefficient of 0.68 by using fiber glass board. Each part of the real materials was compared with those of 1:50 scale model and it was found that the absorption characteristics of both cases were similar.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.40-43
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• 1976

The Kumgang-Pyongtaek multipurpose agricultural development project has been or iginated by president Park with the negotiation of IBRD Loan in the United States in 1965 for the development of agricultural field, The Ministry of Agricultural and fishery and Agricultural Development Corporation having finished survey and design for about 5 years for the Project, IBRD Loan and gurantee agreements were managed to signe. The project construction work has been commenced in 1970 and scheduled to be finished in 1976. About 5,618 hectares of upland reclamation which involves irrigation and bench terracing are included ill the project for the farmland expansion and establishment. It is estimated that about 25,167 metric tons of food grain production which could save foreign exchange of about 6, 100million won annually or meet food grains for about 209,000 people.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1999

Emergy concept was used to evaluate the contributions of a dam construction to the real wealth of our economy. A dam that is proposed as a multi-purpose dam was used to illustrate emergy evaluation methodology. Models for emergy evaluation were constructed with energy systems language, a symbolic modeling language which presents network properties of systems holistically. Water supply was the most important contribution in terms of emergy, which reflects that the dam is proposed for stable water supply to a local region. Generation of electricity was the second in emergy benefits of the dam. Emergy costs were more evenly distributed among the costs which would occur as a result of the dam construction. Emergy yield ratio was 1.30 if sediments are not included, and 1.15 if sediments are included, which results in net yield in both cases. The ratio would, however, fall below 1.0 if rare species within the system boundary are lost as a result of the dam construction because of the high emergy value included in biotic species, which means that emergy costs will be greater than emergy benefits. This study illustrated a new methodology in environmental impact assessment to better manage our environments in an age of diminishing resources.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Over the course of time, changes occur in family composition and members, and such changes impact housing life as well. In contrast to shared housing structures such as apartments, detached houses show a greater variety of changes to interior spaces such as family composition, rural area, natural environment, and modernization. The purpose of this study is to examine the change and factors in interior spaces in detached houses of rural area. Out of 40 houses studied in a 1995 survey, 23 showed changes when studied again in 2015, and 13 were selected for final analysis. This study indicated that at the time of the survey in 1995, two aspects of change occurred which showed in interior space only and internalization through interior-specific additions and improvements. An analysis of interior changes demonstrated there was significant change in kitchens, multipurpose rooms, and other spaces focused on housework and homemaking. Internalization through interior-specific is showed in balcony. As family member is increasing, it is intended to be increasing size of interior space; however, it is showed to increase size of interior space in the step that family member is reducing. It is reason that more spaces are needed when their children whose the old are living in detached houses of rural area are visited.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.148-158
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to find a possible application of small space utilization of GangSo Housing, so called compact-but-effective housing, through analyzing that of Japanese small housing. We analyze openness of view and flexibility of spaces divided by the physical and architectural aspects as first component and the psychological and interior space aspects as second component. The results showed that Japanese small houses have various unit plan compared to uniformity of Korean houses. Openness of view in Japanese small housing is accomplished by letting in light from the outside using position and shape of the window, looking more spacious using courtyard, void spaces, or sliding door hanging from the ceiling, and creating deception of view using floor-wall plan and appropriate materials. Flexibility of spaces is achieved by combination of first and second components, multipurpose of space and furniture, and variety of storage methods. It is necessary to improve spatial efficiency with consideration of volume-metric planing rather than flat-plane and develop various unit plans to meet residents' needs and demands on compact-but-effective houses.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2019

Castanopsis indica (Sil Batna) is an ecologically valuable multipurpose indigenous tree species of Bangladesh. Considering its high value but poor natural regeneration due to seed dormancy, the authors conducted an experiment at the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Chittagong University (IFESCU) during 2012-2013 to find out effective pre-sowing treatments. Ten pre-sowing seed treatments were applied on mature, even-sized seeds namely-control; sandpaper rubbing; nail clipping; immersion in normal water (at room temperature: 24℃) for 24 hrs., 48 hrs. and 72 hrs.; immersion in hot water (80℃) for 1 minute; soaking in 10% dilute H₂SO₄; soaking in 10% HCl for 5 minutes; and sowing in propagator house. Seeds sown after sandpaper rubbing at the distal end revealed best performances by providing highest germination percent (66.7%), germination energy (30%), germination index (0.17), germination rate (0.0145), germination value (30%) and plant percent (66.7%) within shortest period (38 days). The treatment also produced most vigor seedlings with 20.9 cm shoot height, 15 node number, and largest leaves (11.1 cm×2.9 cm). Hence, it is recommended to adopt sandpaper rubbing method for maximum germination and quality seedlings.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Tetsugakudo Kouen Collective Housing Development Project in Japan. Project implemented cooperatively by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in charge of river management, Shinjuku and Nakano-ku responsible for park management, and the UR, a housing project developer. This project set a significant precedent for three-dimensional river use by realizing the three-dimensional integrated development of a flood control reservoir, a park, and collective housing. The major effectiveness of this project can be summarized into four points. 1) The costs borne by individual project developers were significantly reduced by realizing a high degree of application and multipurpose use of the land through a joint project. 2) This project, which was designed to accommodate rainfall of 30 to 40mm per hour, is expected to contribute to reducing flood damage and generating significant investment effects, in terms of asset value in downstream areas, thereby increasing flood control security. 3) Local disaster prevention function were enhanced by providing an evacuation site in the case of an earthquake. 4) The living environment was improved by adding the function of a park.