• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.4 no.1 s.12
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to develop single dam operation models for flood control using Fuzzy control technique, which can improve flood controllability. We set control rules by water level and inflow, and developed three models Fuzzy I, II, III according to rule to decide outflow. Fuzzy I model consists of six rules considering only flood control and Fuzzy II model considers the effect of water use by increasing water level at the end of flood control period as well as flood control during the same period. Finally, Fuzzy m is an adaptive model designed to perform multipurpose dam operation for both flood control and water use simultaneously based on a control rules.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

Rainfalls would increase the discharges or stages of tributary channels in natural watersheds, which in turn augment the magnitude of main stream stages. Rising of water surface elevation in main streams can affect and damage the human activities because of the possibilities of the breakdown or overflow of the embankment. Therefore it is necessary to establish the structural or non-structural alternatives for the sake of prevention or treatment of those disasters. Many mathematical models to analyze the flood flows in natural watercourses have been proposed as the non-structural alternatives so far. In this study one of the such models, FLDWAV developed by NWS(National weather Service), is applied to the downstream reach of Nakdong river. Model calibration is performed on various Manning's roughness coefficients at the gauging stations. The simulation results are compared well with hydrological estimations of flood discharges considering the effects of multipurpose dams upstream of control points.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.27-46
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• 1992

This paper considers an (r, Q) policy for operation of a multipurpose facility. It is assumed that whenever the inventory level falls below r, the model starts to produce the fixed amount of Q. The facility can be utilized for extra production during idle periods, that is, when the inventory level is still greater than r right after a main production operation is terminated or an extra production operation is finished. But, whenever the facility is in operation for an extra production, the operation can not be terminated for the main production even though the inventory level falls below r. In the model, the demand for the product is assumed to arrive according to a compound Poisson process and the processing time required to produce a product is assumed to follow an arbitary distribution. Similarly, the orders for the extra production is assumed to accur in a Poisson process are the extra production processing time is assumed to follow an arbitrary distribution. It is further assumed that unsatisfied demands are backordered and the expected comulative amount of demands is less than that of production during each production period. Under a cost structure which includes a setup/ production cost, a linear holding cost, a linear backorder cost, a linear extra production lost sale cost, and a linear extra production profit, an expression for the expected cost per unit time for a given (r, Q) policy is obtained, and using a convex property of the cost function, a procedure to find the optimal (r, Q) policy is presented.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.68-80
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• 2007

Surrealism's method of expression and inspiration has been a continuous influence on fashion. What is important is how to identify and research a source of inspiration, and how to use this inspiration to guide the designs that can be worn on a real human body. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to show how to develop ideas and designs from Surrealist objects and how to contribute to the development of designs to the diversity in visual and functional effects along with the changes in consumer's interest. Documentary studies about Surrealism and Surrealist-inflected fashion applying the works of Surrealist and fashion images as a tool of historical research were proceeded. And the ideas for theme, the motifs for print patterns, and the concept of designs were borrowed from Surrealist objects touching on the imagery between the real and reflected, optical and artificial, and the designs were developed with several different visual and functional effects changing color, pattern, size, and length with the function of zippers in each item. It also gives the person wearing it amusement because it includes the concept of play and D.I.Y. With effective planning, it is possible to attract consumer's interest in the market.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 1976

The study was conducted for an attempt to improve the diluting fluid for total leukocyte count, and to prepare a multipurpose diluting fluid for concurrent direct counts of total leukocytes, eosinophils and the other leukocytes. Through the experiment, two better fluids for total leukocyte count of blood of human, bovine, swine, canine and rabbit were selected, and which conserved cell morphology of leukocytes better than $T{\ddot{u}}rk$-solution. Each formula of two fluids were given as under R I and R II. Formula of multipurpose diluting fluid selected in the experiment was given as under III. With this fluid, direct counts of total leukocytes, eosinophils and probably basophils of blood of human, bovine and swine were practicable concurrently in the same counting chamber of a hemocytometer. In this fluid, eosinophils were stained red in the part of eosinophilic granules and blue in other part of cell, and basophils were stained dark blue like as a lump of black granules, staining three other leukocytes faint blue. Eosinophils of canine blood were not so enough red those in other animal and human and eosinophils of rabbit blood were not distinguishable from pseudoeosinophils in this fluid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.842-853
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• 2008

In the construction of dam, the key factor which decides the type of dam is security of materials resource. Because of the large scale earth work, the ability to supply the materials is essential part about economical efficiency. The research is the case study about controlling the plan to secure the material resources in the design of Buhang multipurpose dam. In case of Buhang multipurpose dam, at that time of basic design, it was planned to use a rock fill material. From the detail investigation about the river bed accumulative layer widely spread on the submerged district on the basic design, the research is accomplished to replace rock material with gravel material. After the investigation of whole reserves of gravel material, estimation of conformity as dam construction material from analysis of grain size distribution, the case study of oversea construction, and the material property comparison between rock fill material and gravel fill material, it is verified th possibility of using the gravel fill. Thereafter, the analysis of dam stability using a gravel fill material is accomplished. Finally, A gravel fill material can be used as the main construction material of CFRD, therefore the efficiency of resource recycling in the submerged area is maximized, and the established plan is more advantageous to stability, constructibility, environmentibility than the case of using a rock fill.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2001

Despite the improvements in bond strengths of dentin adhesives and resin-modified glass ionomers, the marginal seal of cervical restorations remains a concern. Microleakage at poorly sealed margins can result in staining, post-operative sensitivity, pulpal irritation, and recurrent caries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface penetrating sealant(SPS) on the microleakage of cervical restorations. 45 extracted human teeth were selected, and Class V preparations were prepared on the both buccal and lingual surface of the teeth to the following dimensions : 1.5mm axially, 3mm mesiodistally, and 3mm incisogingivally. After cervical restoration with composite resin, compomer, glass ionomer each restoration was treated as three methods: No Tx., Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive$^{\circledR}$, Fortify$^{\circledR}$. The sections were examined with a stereomicroscope to determine the extent of microleakage at enamel and dentin margins. The results of this study were as follows. 1. All groups showed some microleakage. 2. Gingival cavity wall with cementum margin showed significantly higher leakage value than occlusal cavity wall with enamel margin. 3. The group treated with SPS showed significantly lower leakage value than no treated group(p<0.05). But there is no difference between Fortify$^{\circledR}$ and Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive$^{\circledR}$. The results of this study suggest that SPS are effective in reducing microleakage of class V restorations. But it is certain that some microleakage still occurred despite the application of SPS.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.270-279
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• 2018

PCI Express (PCIe) bus, which was only used as an internal I/O bus of a computer system, has expanded its function to outside of a system, with progress of PCIe switching processor. In particular, advanced features of PCIe switching processor enable PCIe bus to serve as an interconnection network as well as connecting external devices. As PCIe switching processors more advanced, it is required to consider the different adapter card architecture. This study developed multipurpose adapter cards by applying an on-board optical module, a latest optical communications element, in order to improve transfer distance and utilization. The performance evaluation confirmed that the new adapter cards with long cable can provide the same bandwidth as that of the existing adapter cards with short copper cable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2009

Most urban water management systems are becoming vulnerable to flooding and drought due to the climate change (CC), urbanization and energy shortage. Despite of poor water management circumstances caused by extremely uneven annual rainfall and hilly terrain, traditionally we have made a sound and sustainable life based on our own philosophy and technologies which copes with our rigid environment. In this study a new paradigm of rainwater management is suggested and multipurpose and creative rainwater harvesting and management (RWHM) systems are introduced providing several case studies such as rainfall storage drainage (RSD) system, rainwater infiltration facilities and star city RWHM system. This new RWHM paradigm leads Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) in the Republic of Korea to change regulations and politics for the integrated RWHM. Finally, RWHM is expected to improve the safety, efficiency, energy consumption of urban water infrastructure, to reduce urban heat island phenomenon and, furthermore, to contribute in finding solutions for worldwide water issues and to adapt CC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

This study aims to make a decision about the rational option for a multipurpose dams development of the Tumen river basin so that the adjoining countries will effectively deal with the chronic problems and fully satisfy the fast growing demand of water and power. It has been thus far investigated that the interests between North Korea and China closely depend on the selected option, and they are not well compatible with each other. These situations are defined in terms of the cooperative two-person nonzero-sum game. The Nash bargaining model is then applied to contemplate the rational option, considering two scenarios of economic growth of the North Korea. After analyzing the model, it was expected that 1) two multipurpose dams must be cooperatively developed, and 2) their benefits should be allocated according to demand of each country. The authors finally suggest that a cooperative organisation be established to effectively manage the dams beyond the border of the countries.