• Title/Summary/Keyword: multiple target detection

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Feasibility of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding for Invasive Species Detection According to Taxa (분류군별 외래생물 탐지를 위한 환경 DNA 메타바코딩 활용 가능성)

  • Yujin Kang;Jeongeun Jeon;Seungwoo Han;Suyeon Won;Youngkeun Song
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.94-111
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    • 2023
  • In order to establish an effective management strategy for invasive species early detection and regular monitoring are required to assess their introduction or dispersal. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is actively applied to evaluate the fauna including the presence of invasive species as it has high detection sensitivity and can detect multiple species simultaneously. In Korea, the applicability evaluation of metabarcoding is being conducted mainly on fish, and research on other taxa is insufficient. Therefore, this study identified the feasibility of detecting invasive species in Korea using eDNA metabarcoding. In addition, to confirm the possibility of detection by taxa, the detection of target species was evaluated using four universal primers (MiFish, MiMammal, Mibird, Amp16S) designed for fish, mammals, birds, and amphibians. As a result, target species (Trachemys scripta, 3 sites; Cervus nippon, 3 sites; Micropterus salmoides, 7 sites; Rana catesbeiana, 4 sites) were detected in 17 of the total 55 sites. Even in the selection of dense sampling sites within the study area, there was a difference in the detection result by reflecting the ecological characteristics of the target species. A comparison of community structures (species richness, abundance and diversity) based on the presence of invasive species focused on M.salmoides and T.scripta, showed higher diversity at the point where invasive species were detected. Also, 1 to 4 more species were detected and abundance was also up to 1.7 times higher. The results of invasive species detection through metabarcoding and the comparison of community structures indicate that the accumulation of large amounts of monitoring data through eDNA can be efficiently utilized for multidimensional ecosystem evaluation. In addition, it suggested that eDNA can be used as major data for evaluation and prediction, such as tracking biological changes caused by artificial and natural factors and environmental impact assessment.

A genome-wide association study of reproduction traits in four pig populations with different genetic backgrounds

  • Jiang, Yao;Tang, Shaoqing;Xiao, Wei;Yun, Peng;Ding, Xiangdong
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.1400-1410
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    • 2020
  • Objective: Genome-wide association study and two meta-analysis based on GWAS performed to explore the genetic mechanism underlying variation in pig number born alive (NBA) and total number born (TNB). Methods: Single trait GWAS and two meta-analysis (single-trait meta analysis and multi-trait meta analysis) were used in our study for NBA and TNB on 3,121 Yorkshires from 4 populations, including three different American Yorkshire populations (n = 2,247) and one British Yorkshire populations (n = 874). Results: The result of single trait GWAS showed that no significant associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Using single-trait meta analysis and multi-trait meta analysis within populations, 11 significant loci were identified associated with target traits. Spindlin 1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, forkhead box Q1, msh homeobox 1, and LHFPL tetraspan submily member 3 are five functionally plausible candidate genes for NBA and TNB. Compared to the single population GWAS, single-trait Meta analysis can improve the detection power to identify SNPs by integrating information of multiple populations. The multiple-trait analysis reduced the power to detect trait-specific loci but enhanced the power to identify the common loci across traits. Conclusion: In total, our findings identified novel genes to be validated as candidates for NBA and TNB in pigs. Also, it enabled us to enlarge population size by including multiple populations with different genetic backgrounds and increase the power of GWAS by using meta analysis.

Target-Aspect-Sentiment Joint Detection with CNN Auxiliary Loss for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (CNN 보조 손실을 이용한 차원 기반 감성 분석)

  • Jeon, Min Jin;Hwang, Ji Won;Kim, Jong Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2021
  • Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA), which analyzes sentiment based on aspects that appear in the text, is drawing attention because it can be used in various business industries. ABSA is a study that analyzes sentiment by aspects for multiple aspects that a text has. It is being studied in various forms depending on the purpose, such as analyzing all targets or just aspects and sentiments. Here, the aspect refers to the property of a target, and the target refers to the text that causes the sentiment. For example, for restaurant reviews, you could set the aspect into food taste, food price, quality of service, mood of the restaurant, etc. Also, if there is a review that says, "The pasta was delicious, but the salad was not," the words "steak" and "salad," which are directly mentioned in the sentence, become the "target." So far, in ABSA, most studies have analyzed sentiment only based on aspects or targets. However, even with the same aspects or targets, sentiment analysis may be inaccurate. Instances would be when aspects or sentiment are divided or when sentiment exists without a target. For example, sentences like, "Pizza and the salad were good, but the steak was disappointing." Although the aspect of this sentence is limited to "food," conflicting sentiments coexist. In addition, in the case of sentences such as "Shrimp was delicious, but the price was extravagant," although the target here is "shrimp," there are opposite sentiments coexisting that are dependent on the aspect. Finally, in sentences like "The food arrived too late and is cold now." there is no target (NULL), but it transmits a negative sentiment toward the aspect "service." Like this, failure to consider both aspects and targets - when sentiment or aspect is divided or when sentiment exists without a target - creates a dual dependency problem. To address this problem, this research analyzes sentiment by considering both aspects and targets (Target-Aspect-Sentiment Detection, hereby TASD). This study detected the limitations of existing research in the field of TASD: local contexts are not fully captured, and the number of epochs and batch size dramatically lowers the F1-score. The current model excels in spotting overall context and relations between each word. However, it struggles with phrases in the local context and is relatively slow when learning. Therefore, this study tries to improve the model's performance. To achieve the objective of this research, we additionally used auxiliary loss in aspect-sentiment classification by constructing CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) layers parallel to existing models. If existing models have analyzed aspect-sentiment through BERT encoding, Pooler, and Linear layers, this research added CNN layer-adaptive average pooling to existing models, and learning was progressed by adding additional loss values for aspect-sentiment to existing loss. In other words, when learning, the auxiliary loss, computed through CNN layers, allowed the local context to be captured more fitted. After learning, the model is designed to do aspect-sentiment analysis through the existing method. To evaluate the performance of this model, two datasets, SemEval-2015 task 12 and SemEval-2016 task 5, were used and the f1-score increased compared to the existing models. When the batch was 8 and epoch was 5, the difference was largest between the F1-score of existing models and this study with 29 and 45, respectively. Even when batch and epoch were adjusted, the F1-scores were higher than the existing models. It can be said that even when the batch and epoch numbers were small, they can be learned effectively compared to the existing models. Therefore, it can be useful in situations where resources are limited. Through this study, aspect-based sentiments can be more accurately analyzed. Through various uses in business, such as development or establishing marketing strategies, both consumers and sellers will be able to make efficient decisions. In addition, it is believed that the model can be fully learned and utilized by small businesses, those that do not have much data, given that they use a pre-training model and recorded a relatively high F1-score even with limited resources.

The Effect of Emotional Sounds on Multiple Target Search (정서적인 소리가 다중 목표 자극 탐색에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hannah;Han, Kwang Hee
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.301-322
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    • 2015
  • This study examined the effect of emotional sounds on satisfaction of search (SOS). SOS occurs when detection of a target results in a lesser chance of finding subsequent targets when searching for an unknown number of targets. Previous studies have examined factors that may influence the phenomenon, but the effect of emotional sounds is yet to be identified. Therefore, the current study investigated how emotional sound affects magnitude of the SOS effect. In addition, participants' eye movements were recorded to determine the source of SOS errors. The search display included abstract T and L-shaped items on a cloudy background and positive and negative sounds. Results demonstrated that negative sounds produced the largest SOS effect by definition, but this was due to superior accuracy in low-salient single target trials. Response time, which represents efficiency, was consistently faster when negative sounds were provided, in all target conditions. On-target fixation classification revealed scanning error, which occurs because targets are not fixated, as the most prominent type of error. These results imply that the two dimensions of emotion - valence and arousal - interactively affect cognitive performance.

Development of the SONAR System for an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (무인수상정 탑재 소나시스템 개발)

  • Bae, Ho Seuk;Kim, Wan-Jin;Kim, Woo-Shik;Choi, Sang-Moon;Ahn, Jin-Hyeong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.358-368
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    • 2015
  • Recently, unmanned systems are largely utilized in various fields due to the persistency and the least operational risk and an unmanned surface vehicle(USV) is the one of the representative application in the naval field. To assign multiple roles to an USV, we developed a sonar system which consists of a forward detecting sonar for the long-range detection, a downward detecting sonar for the small target scan and identification, and a strut type body for mounting sonar systems. In this paper, we described the developed sonar system for USV and the sea test results for verifying system performance. The test results showed that the developed sonar system was able to detect the underwater target about several kilometers away and could recognize a small object at the downside of the sonar system. We expect that the developed sonar system will be easily applied to other unmanned platforms without serious consideration.

Improved Quality Keyframe Selection Method for HD Video

  • Yang, Hyeon Seok;Lee, Jong Min;Jeong, Woojin;Kim, Seung-Hee;Kim, Sun-Joong;Moon, Young Shik
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.3074-3091
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    • 2019
  • With the widespread use of the Internet, services for providing large-capacity multimedia data such as video-on-demand (VOD) services and video uploading sites have greatly increased. VOD service providers want to be able to provide users with high-quality keyframes of high quality videos within a few minutes after the broadcast ends. However, existing keyframe extraction tends to select keyframes whose quality as a keyframe is insufficiently considered, and it takes a long computation time because it does not consider an HD class image. In this paper, we propose a keyframe selection method that flexibly applies multiple keyframe quality metrics and improves the computation time. The main procedure is as follows. After shot boundary detection is performed, the first frames are extracted as initial keyframes. The user sets evaluation metrics and priorities by considering the genre and attributes of the video. According to the evaluation metrics and the priority, the low-quality keyframe is selected as a replacement target. The replacement target keyframe is replaced with a high-quality frame in the shot. The proposed method was subjectively evaluated by 23 votes. Approximately 45% of the replaced keyframes were improved and about 18% of the replaced keyframes were adversely affected. Also, it took about 10 minutes to complete the summary of one hour video, which resulted in a reduction of more than 44.5% of the execution time.

Robust Object Tracking based on Weight Control in Particle Swarm Optimization (파티클 스웜 최적화에서의 가중치 조절에 기반한 강인한 객체 추적 알고리즘)

  • Kang, Kyuchang;Bae, Changseok;Chung, Yuk Ying
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.15-29
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    • 2018
  • This paper proposes an enhanced object tracking algorithm to compensate the lack of temporal information in existing particle swarm optimization based object trackers using the trajectory of the target object. The proposed scheme also enables the tracking and documentation of the location of an online updated set of distractions. Based on the trajectories information and the distraction set, a rule based approach with adaptive parameters is utilized for occlusion detection and determination of the target position. Compare to existing algorithms, the proposed approach provides more comprehensive use of available information and does not require manual adjustment of threshold values. Moreover, an effective weight adjustment function is proposed to alleviate the diversity loss and pre-mature convergence problem in particle swarm optimization. The proposed weight function ensures particles to search thoroughly in the frame before convergence to an optimum solution. In the existence of multiple objects with similar feature composition, this algorithm is tested to significantly reduce convergence to nearby distractions compared to the other existing swarm intelligence based object trackers.

Loitering Behavior Detection Using Shadow Removal and Chromaticity Histogram Matching (그림자 제거와 색도 히스토그램 비교를 이용한 배회행위 검출)

  • Park, Eun-Soo;Lee, Hyung-Ho;Yun, Myoung-Kyu;Kim, Min-Gyu;Kwak, Jong-Hoon;Kim, Hak-Il
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.171-181
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    • 2011
  • Proposed in this paper is the intelligent video surveillance system to effectively detect multiple loitering objects even that disappear from the out of camera's field of view and later return to a target zone. After the background and foreground are segmented using Gaussian mixture model and shadows are removed, the objects returning to the target zone is recognized using the chromaticity histogram and the duration of loitering is preserved. For more accurate measurement of the loitering behavior, the camera calibration is also applied to map the image plane to the real-world ground. Hence, the loitering behavior can be detected by considering the time duration of the object's existence in the real-world space. The experiment was performed using loitering video and all of the loitering behaviors are accurately detected.

Game-type Recognition Rehabilitation System based on Augmented Reality through Object Understanding (증강현실 기반의 물체 인식을 통한 게임형 인지 재활 시스템)

  • Lim, Myung-Jea;Jung, Hee-Woong;Lee, Ki-Young
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we propose a game type cognitive rehabilitation system using marker-based augmented reality system for intelligence development of user. Existing cognitive rehabilitation with the help of others, or a keyboard or mouse operation required to relieve the discomfort, the marker card only control it led and is advanced the method which it applied. As a result, obtained through the camera calibration for image processing, and a Augmented Reality as well as mark detection. In this paper we presented a complete rotation of the model after checking through the whole form, through a combination of multiple markers by completing the interactive objects proceed with the rehabilitation process in a manner required by the target of interest to human rehabilitation and treatment.

A New Object Region Detection and Classification Method using Multiple Sensors on the Driving Environment (다중 센서를 사용한 주행 환경에서의 객체 검출 및 분류 방법)

  • Kim, Jung-Un;Kang, Hang-Bong
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.1271-1281
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    • 2017
  • It is essential to collect and analyze target information around the vehicle for autonomous driving of the vehicle. Based on the analysis, environmental information such as location and direction should be analyzed in real time to control the vehicle. In particular, obstruction or cutting of objects in the image must be handled to provide accurate information about the vehicle environment and to facilitate safe operation. In this paper, we propose a method to simultaneously generate 2D and 3D bounding box proposals using LiDAR Edge generated by filtering LiDAR sensor information. We classify the classes of each proposal by connecting them with Region-based Fully-Covolutional Networks (R-FCN), which is an object classifier based on Deep Learning, which uses two-dimensional images as inputs. Each 3D box is rearranged by using the class label and the subcategory information of each class to finally complete the 3D bounding box corresponding to the object. Because 3D bounding boxes are created in 3D space, object information such as space coordinates and object size can be obtained at once, and 2D bounding boxes associated with 3D boxes do not have problems such as occlusion.