• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 2000

Forty-four Javanese thin-tail ewes were used to study the effect of superovulation prior to mating and of ration quality on lamb birth weight at parturition. Twenty-two ewes weaning at least one lamb were used to measure lamb preweaning growth. Prior to mating, the experimental ewes were injected twice with prostaglandin, with an 11 d interval between injections to synchronize the estrous cycle. At the last prostaglandin injection, 24 ewes were also injected with 700 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to stimulate superovulation and the remainder were injected with saline as control. During pregnancy and lactation, the experimental ewes were fed either on a low (12% CP and 65% TDN) or a high (15% CP and 75% TDN) quality ration. During lactation, the milk was collected twice a day and was refed to the lambs by bottle feeding immediately after collection. Superovulation or ration quality as a main factor did not significantly affect lamb birth weight. Litter size significantly affected lamb birth weight (p<0.05), and there was an interaction of superovulation and litter size. Nonsuperovulated ewes giving birth to multiple lambs had significantly lower average lamb birth weight (1.34 kg) as compared to those giving birth to a single lamb (1.97 kg) (p<0.05). However, superovulated ewes giving birth to multiple lambs had no significant difference in average lamb birth weight (1.68 kg) as compared to those giving birth to a single lamb (1.91 kg) (p>0.05). Superovulation of ewes prior to mating resulted in a significant improvement in lamb birth weight in the multiple litter size, without significant effect on average preweaning daily gain (p=0.07). Superovulation had a promising use in improving animal production through improvement of prenatal growth during pregnancy and milk production during lactation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 1996

A series of experiments were designed to determine the feasibility of single dose of FSH as an effective superovulation method in rabbits. The superovulation treatments examined comparatively were as follows: 1) a single injection of 100 IU PMSG, 2) Multiple injections of 1 IU Super-OV of 2X daily for 3 days, 3) Multiple injections of 6.6 rng Folltropin-V 2X daily for 3 days, 4) Multiple injections of 13.3 rng Folltropn-V l$\times$ daily for 3 days, 5) Single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V solved in 10% PVP, and 6) Single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP. The results obtained were as follows: The nurnher of ovulation points in the single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP and multiple injections of 6.6 mg Folltropin-V 2X daily for 3 days was averaged 44.6 and 39.2, respectively, which were significantly (P<0.05) more than in a single dose of PMSG or multiple doses of Super-OV. The number of total ova recovered in the single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP and multiple injections of 6.6 mg Folltropin-V 2X daily for 3 days was averaged 30.4 and 25.9, respectively, which were significantly (P<0.05) more than in the single dose of PMSG or multiple doses of Super-OV. A similar result was obtained for the number of fertilized ova recovered from the above six treatments. From the above results it was concluded that a single injection of 40 mg Folltropin-V dissolved in 25% PVP could be an effective and simple method for superovulation in rabbits.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate the factors affecting superovulation in rabbits and to determine the effect of pFSH and PMSG on ovarian superovulatory responses and embryo production, and the effect of superovulation treatment with a single injection of pFSH dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone on the ovarian responses and the embryo quality. The results obtained were suonmerized as follows: Superovulatory response resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher ovulation rates and more embryos in spring or autumn, compared with summer or winter. Repeated superovulatory treatments with PMSG leaded to a significantly(P<0.05) decreased number of total follicles and recovered ova. Superovulation with pFSH resulted in the higher number of ovulated follicles and recovered ova than with PMSG. A single subcutaneous injection of pFSH dissolved in 25% PVP resulted in the more ovulation points(33.2) and recovered embryos(30.2), which were comparable to the multiple injections of pFSH(44.8 vs 37.7).These results indicated that the treatment with a single injection of FSH dissolved in PVP was an efficient and simple alternative method to the conventional multiple FSH injections for superovulation in rabbits.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determined if single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of Folltropin-V dissolved in polyethyleneglycol (PEG) can replace as the standard multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injection. The results suggest that the s.c. treatment produced more corpora lutea, embryos recovered and transferable embryos as compared to the i.m. treatment (p<0.05). This study indicates that a single s.c. injection of Folltropin-V dissolved in PEG was effective for superovulatory response and embryo yield in Korean cattle.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of multiple superovulation and parity on embryo production in Hanwoo cows. Donors were superovulate 4 times $1\~2$ months interval and inserted CIDR plus (with the capsule of estradiol benzoate 10mg) on Day 10 from standing heat for 9 days and injected 2.5ml FSH (Antorin R-10) 2 times in a day on 6th day to 10th day from insertion of CIDR and the doses of FSH were decreasing 0.5ml on every 2 times. On 3th day of FSH injection, 25ml $PGF_2{\alpha}$ were injected i.m. and on 4th day, CIDR was removed. After 2 days from removing CIDR, AI was performed 2 times 12 hour apart with 2 straws of Korean Proved frozen Semen and simultaneously 200ug/ml GnRH was injected and embryos were recovered on 7th day from Al. The response rates of superovulated donors were $85.7\%,\;90.5\%,\;62.5\%,\;100\%$ from 1 to 4 times of superovulation, respectively. There were significant differences among No. of superovulation times (P<0.05). The results of transferable embryos were 3.7, 3.4, 3.4, 5.7 from 1 to 4 times of superovualtion, respectively. There were no differences among No. of superovulation times. The results of transferable embryos were 2.5, 3.0, 5.3, 3.0, 3.4 form heifer, first born to 4 the born, respectively. There were significant differences among the parities of donors (P<0.05). These results suggested that even 4 times of superovulations of Hanwoo donors could be able to recover transferable embryos, it might be used the donors maximally and improved the adaptation of embryo transfer to farms safely.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.944-948
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to estimate heritability and repeatability for the number of embryos and transferable embryos collected per flush in Holstein population in Hokkaido, Japan. Data consisted of 306 MOET (Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer) treatments on 224 Holstein cows from 1997 to 2000. Variance components for these traits were estimated using the REML procedure. The model included only non-genetic factors that were significant at the 0.05 level, through using generalized linear models, maximum likelihood methods, and stepwise regression procedure as fixed effects and sire and residual for heritabilities, donor and residual for repeatabilities as random effects. The factor identified as important in determining the results was the donor''s estrous condition after superovulation. Heritabilities for the number of embryos and transferable embryos collected per flush were 0.14 and 0.09, respectively. The corresponding repeatabilities were 0.43 and 0.32, respectively. These results show that it was difficult to genetically improve these traits, thus, environmental and physical factors affecting the donor must be improved. These results also show that it is necessary to take the donor''s estrous condition after superovulation and repeatabilities for the number of embryos and transferable embryos collected per flush into account when the genetic gains and inbreeding rates for MOET breeding schemes are predicted by a computer simulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1071-1086
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• 2003

Reproductive biotechnologies continue to be developed for genetic improvement of both river and swamp buffalo. Although artificial insemination using frozen semen emerged some decades back, there are still considerable limitations. The major problem appears to be the lack of efficient methods for estrus detection and timely insemination. Controlled breeding experiments in the buffalo had been limited and similar to those applied in cattle. Studies on multiple ovulation and embryo transfer are essentially a replica of those in cattle, however with inherent problems such as lower number of primordial follicles on the buffalo ovary, poor fertility and seasonality of reproduction, lower population of antral follicles at all stages of the estrous cycle, poor endocrine status and a high incidence of deep atresia in ovarian follicles, the response in terms of transferable embryo recovery has remained low with 0.51 to 3.0 per donor and pregnancy rates between 15 to 30%. In vitro production of buffalo embryos is a valid alternative to recovery of embryos by superovulation. This aspect received considerable attention during the past decade, however the proportion of embryos that develops to the blastocyst stage is still around 25-30% and hence the in vitro culture procedures need substantial improvement. Embryo cryopreservation procedures for direct transfer post thaw need to be developed for bubaline embryos. Nuclear transfer and embryo cloning is a technique that has received attention in various species during recent years and can be of immense value in buffaloes as they have a low rate of embryo recoveries by both in vitro and in vivo procedures. Gender pre-selection, genome analysis, gene mapping and gene transfer are a few of the techniques that have been studied to a limited extent during recent years and are likely to be included in future studies on buffaloes. Very recently, reproductive biotechnologies have been applied to feral buffaloes as well, but the results obtained so far are modest. When fully exploited they can play an important role in the preservation of endangered species.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 1998

The present study was undertaken to compare the superovulatory response to single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of FSH dissolved in various solvents with standard multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injection. 1. Standing estrus was observed 100% in group 1 and 7 after the superovulation treatment. 2. Average numbers of total embryos and transferable embryos were significantly higher (p〈0.05) for group 1 and 7 (3.5, 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5) compared with another group. 3. Serum progesterone also was significantly higher(P〈0.05) in group 1 and 7 (6.19ng/ml, 7.54ng/m1) compared with another group. These data indicated that the single injection treatment using FSH diluted with PEG 30% was effective in superovulatory Korean cattle.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

This study was conducted to improve the efficiency of embryo recovery and to establish the protocols of superovulation in Holstein cows. Sixteen Holstein cows were used the test the efficacy of three superovulation regimens using Folltropin. In the case of regimen 1, CIDR plus with E2 capsule was inserted in cows at the random stage of estrous cycle and the total of 400 mg Folltropin V was adminstered twice a day for 4 days(Folltropin V group). In regimen 2, CIDR was inserted and 3.0 mg estradiol benzoate was administered i.m. next day and the total of 400 mg Folltropin was adminstered twice a day for 4 days(Folltropin V+EB group). For regimen 3, CIDR insertion was same as in the regimen 2 and the total of 400 mg Folltropin diluted with $10\%$ PEG 8,000 was administered once(Folttropin V+PEG 8,000 group). In all the regimens, CIDR were removed on 12th day and 45 mg dinoprost was administered i.m. simultaneously. The heat detected donors were administered 200 ug LH-RH and inseminated twice with 2 straws of frozen semen 12 hours apart. Embryo were collected using Foley catherter in each uterine homs on 6${\~}$8 days after inseminations. The evaluation of collected embryos were according to the IETS manual. The CL responses according to the superovulation treatments were 5.8, 20.6, 24.0 in the Folltropin V, Folltropin+EB and Folltropin V+PE 8,000 groups, respectively and there were significant different among the treatments(p<0.01). Transferable embyos collected were 3.6$\pm$2.4, 3.3$\pm$l.8 and 2.8$\pm$2.3, in the Folltropin V, Folltropin+EB and Folltropin V+PE 8,000 groups, respectively. Degenerated and unfertilized embryos in regimen 2 and 3 than regimen 1. These results indicates that superovulation treatments with both multiple injections and a single injection using PEG of Folltropin combined with CIDR insertion at the random stage of estrus cycle can be used to produce Holstein embryos.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

Laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) is a convenient method for collecting oocytes in small ruminants. LOPU has the advantage of being a less invasive means of oocyte collection, thereby allowing for a repeated usage of the oocyte donor animals. A total of 25 Korean black goats were used in the winter season (December to February) and LOPU was applied to the goats which had been treated for superovulation more than two times during the last twelve months. Estrus was synchronized with an intravaginal insert containing 0.3 g progesterone for 10 to 12 days. Ovaries were hyperstimulated with eCG 1,000 IU oneshot, FSH with eCG (50 mg / 1,000 IU; 70 mg / 500 IU; 70 mg / 1,000 IU) oneshot or FSH multiple-shot with eCG oneshot ($20mg{\times}6/300IU$) given intramuscularly 72 h prior to LOPU. For these groups, the number of follicles (mean ${\pm}$ SEM) observed which developed to larger than 2 mm in diameter were $1.6{\pm}2.5$, $4.3{\pm}3.1$, $5.5{\pm}4.2$, $6.6{\pm}2.1$ and $8.8{\pm}7.8$, respectively. Oocytes were aspirated by using OPU needles and a vacuum pump. The overall oocyte retrieval rates were 41.4%. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% (w/v) bovine serum albumin + $10{\mu}g/ml$ FSH + $1{\mu}g/ml$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol for 27 h at $39^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ in air. Oocytes were parthenogenetically activated by ionomycin combined with 6-diethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). Total oocyte maturation and cleavage rate were 67.3% and 78.8%, respectively. In summary, LOPU is a useful oocyte collection method in Korean black goats that can provide immature oocytes for transgenesis or nuclear transfer.