• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2020

Income inequality is a problem that is not only faced by developing countries such as Indonesia, but also developed countries. The difference lies in the proportion of an inequality that occurs and the solution to the level of difficulty experienced. Thus, this study aims to empirically analyze the unequal distribution of population income in Java island, Indonesia, by including the human development index, open unemployment rate, foreign investment, and the degree of fiscal decentralization. The research model used in this study was multiple linear regression to analyze the panel data with a fixed-effect model approach. The results of the study showed that human development index, open unemployment rate, and the degree of fiscal decentralization had a positive and significant effect on income inequality in Java island. Meanwhile, foreign investment had a negative and insignificant effect on income inequality in Java. It is because the value of the investment is more invested in the capital-intensive sector. The government is expected to be more selective in accepting foreign investments that enter the country, especially in Java, and it should be labor-intensive investments. In addition, the government has to equalize locations for foreign investment without reducing good cooperation with these foreign investors.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2017

Understanding the mechanisms that control and concentrate the observed electrospray ionisation (ESI) response from peptides is important. Controlling these mechanisms can improve signal-to-noise ratio in the mass spectrum, and enhances the generation of intact ions, and thus, improves the detection of peptides when analysing mixtures. The effects of different mixtures of aqueous: organic solvents (25, 50, 75%; v/v): formic acid solution (at pH 3.26) compositions on the ESI response and charge-state distribution (CSD) during mass spectrometry (MS) were determined in a group of biologically active peptides (molecular wt range 1.3 - 3.3 kDa). The ESI response is dependent on type of organic solvent in the mobile phase mixture and therefore, solvent choice affects optimal ion intensities. As expected, intact peptide ions gave a more intense ESI signal in polar protic solvent mixtures than in the low polarity solvent. However, for four out of the five analysed peptides, neither the ESI response nor the CSD were affected by the volatility of the solvent mixture. Therefore, in solvent mixtures, as the composition changes during the evaporation processes, the $pK_b$ of the amino acid composition is a better predictor of multiple charging of the peptides.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.346-368
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• 2021

Background: Recalcitrant disc herniation may result in chronic lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica. Fluoroscopically directed epidural injections and other conservative modalities may provide inadequate improvement in some patients. In these cases, percutaneous neurolysis with targeted delivery of medications is often the next step in pain management. Methods: An evidence-based system of methodologic assessment, namely, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used. Multiple databases were searched from 1966 to January 2021. Principles of the best evidence synthesis were incorporated into qualitative evidence synthesis. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients with significant pain relief and functional improvement (≥ 50%). Duration of relief was categorized as short-term (< 6 months) and long-term (≥ 6 months). Results: This assessment identified one high-quality randomized controlled trial (RCT) and 5 moderate-quality non-randomized studies with an application of percutaneous neurolysis in disc herniation. Overall, the results were positive, with level II evidence. Conclusions: Based on the present systematic review, with one RCT and 5 non-randomized studies, the evidence level is II for percutaneous neurolysis in managing lumbar disc herniation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권2호통권125호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2001

Prunella vulgaris L. aqua-acupuncture solution (PVAS) was tested for cancer chemopreventive activity using chemoprevention-associated biochemical end points. The following effects were measured. : (a) inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced cytochrome P4501A1 activity (b) inhibition of $[^3H]B[a]P-DNA$ binding (c) inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)-induced free radical formation in HL-60 cells (d) inhibition of polyamine metabolism. PVAS inhibited cytochrome P4501A1-mediated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. The binding of $[^3H]B[a]P$ metabolites to DNA of NCTC-clone 1469 cells was inhibited significantly by PVAS. There is 22% inhibition of TPA-induced free radical formation in human leukemic cells with 5 mg/ml PVAS. Proliferation of Acanthamoeba castellanii was inhibited by PAVS at concentration of 30 mg/ml. PAVS positive in these assays may inhibit the carcinogenesis process and is considered very promising cancer-preventing agent because of its multiple activities.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제69권4호
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• pp.75-97
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 여자 청소년의 성폭력 피해 경험이 자살생각에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 부모-자녀 간의 TSL 의사소통의 조절 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 본 연구는 전국의 중고등학교 13곳의 중1부터 고2까지 여자 청소년 1,032명을 대상으로 조사하였으며, 다중회귀분석을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 조사대상자의 16.2%가성폭력 피해 경험이 있었다. 둘째, 여자 청소년의 성폭력 피해 경험은 자살생각의 위험요인으로 검증되었다. 셋째, 부모-자녀 간 TSL 의사소통은 성폭력 피해경험에 따른 자살생각에 주요한 보호요인으로 검증되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 통해 청소년의 성폭력 피해 예방을 위한 개입 방안과 성폭력 피해 청소년의 자살생각을 감소시키기 위한 가족 기능 강화 방안에 대하여 논의하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 1987

N, P, K 수준(水準)을 달리하여 양액재배(養液栽培)한 2년차(年次) 인삼(人蔘)에서 근중(根中) 각(各) ginsenoside 함량과 엽(葉) 및 근중(根中)의 N, P, K, Ca 및 Mg 함량과의 관계를 단순(單純) 다중(多重) 및 편상관(編相關)으로 조사하였다. K, N, P의 순으로 근(根)에서는 유의성(有意性)있는 부상관(負相關)을 보였으며 잎에서는 K는 정상관(正相關), N은 부상관(負相關)이고 P는 일정성(一定性)이 없었다. 엽(葉)과 근(根)의 K, N, 및 P의 비율도 이 순으로 근(根)의 ginsenosides다 유의정상관(有意正相關)을 보였다. Ca와 Mg은 어디서나 유의성은 없었으며 근(根)에서는 Ca는 정상관(正相關), Mg는 부상관(負相關)이고 잎에는 그 반대이다. 칼리 결제구는 잎의 칼리와 뿌리 ginsenosides와의 관계가 기타 처리구들의 경향에서 크게 벗어났으나 N와 P에서는 그렇지 아니하였다. Rd, Re및 $Rb_1$이 무기양분이 가장 영향을 받았다. PT/PD는 무기양분의 영향을 가장 적게 받았다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.213-233
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• 2006

Over the past years techniques for non-linear analysis have been enhanced significantly via improved solution procedures, extended finite element techniques and increased robustness of constitutive models. Nevertheless, problems remain, especially for real world structures of softening materials like concrete. The softening gives negative stiffness and risk of bifurcations due to multiple cracks that compete to survive. Incremental-iterative techniques have difficulties in selecting and handling the local peaks and snap-backs. In this contribution, an alternative method is proposed. The softening diagram of negative slope is replaced by a saw-tooth diagram of positive slopes. The incremental-iterative Newton method is replaced by a series of linear analyses using a special scaling technique with subsequent stiffness/strength reduction per critical element. It is shown that this event-by-event strategy is robust and reliable. First, the model is shown to be objective with respect to mesh refinement. Next, the example of a large-scale dog-bone specimen in direct tension is analyzed using an isotropic version of the saw-tooth model. The model is capable of automatically providing the snap-back response. Subsequently, the saw-tooth model is extended to include anisotropy for fixed crack directions to accommodate both tensile cracking and compression strut action for reinforced concrete. Three different reinforced concrete structures are analyzed, a tension-pull specimen, a slender beam and a slab. In all cases, the model naturally provides the local peaks and snap-backs associated with the subsequent development of primary cracks starting from the rebar. The secant saw-tooth stiffness is always positive and the analysis always 'converges'. Bifurcations are prevented due to the scaling technique.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2016

본 연구는 초등 수학영재와 일반학생을 대상으로 정의적 특성과 수학적 추론 능력에서 어떠한 차이가 있는가를 알아보고, 이를 바탕으로 초등 수학영재와 일반학생의 정의적 특성과 수학적 추론 능력과의 관계를 비교 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상은 5학년의 영재 97명과 일반학생 144명이다. 검사도구로는 정의적 특성 검사지와 추론능력 검사지를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수학영재는 일반학생보다 정의적 특성의 하위 요소인 학업적 자아개념, 태도, 흥미, 수학불안, 학습습관에서 모두 긍정적인 인식을 지녔고, 수학적 추론 능력에서도 일반학생보다 능력의 정도가 높았다. 또한 수학영재는 정의적 특성의 학업적 자아개념, 태도, 흥미, 학습습관은 추론 능력과 정적인 상관관계를 가지고 있었으며 수학불안은 부적인 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 수학영재는 정의적 특성의 하위 요소 중 수학불안이 수학적 추론 능력에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데, 이를 통해 수학 영재들의 추론 능력을 향상시키기 위해서는 수학 불안을 줄이는 실질적인 여러 방안을 모색할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 일반학생들은 정의적 특성의 하위 요소 중 흥미가 수학적 추론 능력에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났는데, 따라서 교실 수업에서 일반학생들의 수학교과에 대한 흥미를 높여주는 적절한 방법에 대한 교수 학습 구안 및 적용을 통해 수학적 추론 능력의 향상을 도모할 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to investigate a solution to reduce the negative reactions arising from the performance of duties or the job distress of workers in the service industry, because human resource statistics regarding workers in the service sector have been unreported, while concerns regarding exposure to emotional exertion and poor working conditions have been continuously increasing. Research design, data, and methodology - This study specifically focused on workers in highway service areas. It differs from previous studies because it involves the perspective of the person-organization fit and regards workers' cognition of leaders through the psychological distance toward the leader and the contact frequency between workers and leaders within the framework of the leader-individual fit. Moreover, this study highlights the role of the self-leadership of workers as an important factor that becomes manifested in the individual-level fit to the organization. Hence, this study investigates whether the positive role of the above factors, in turn, could reduce job distress. Workers from highway service areas in Gyeonggi-do province provided data; 141 valid questionnaires are collected. SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 19.0 were used to test the reliability and validity of constructs. Simple regression, multiple regression, and 3 step mediation tests were used to test the hypotheses after the correlation tests. Results - Results indicated that leader-member contact frequency and psychological distance have negative effects on job distress but positive effects on self-leadership. A mediation test revealed that self-leadership, in the relationships between contact frequency and job distress and between psychological distance and job distress, resulted in partial mediation and full mediation, respectively. Conclusions - The result can be understood through two different possible explanations. First, service area workers generally possess a positive perspective toward their leaders. This can be interpreted to mean that increased contact frequency and psychological distance would be considered as supports from the leader, rather than intrusive controls or management schemes. Therefore, the management in highway service areas should invest efforts in increasing contact frequency as well as maximizing psychological similarities by adopting the viewpoints of workers in terms of moral and ethical management, to reduce the workers' job distress. The results relating to self-leadership also indicate that increased contact frequency must be accompanied by intentions for the effective promotion of workers' self-leadership. It also signifies the necessity of a strategic approach by leaders to induce workers to perceive "in-group"ness as suggested both by the similarity-attraction theory and by the social identity theory. In addition, the results of the mediation test of self-leadership indicate that because workers' self-leadership activates upon increased contact frequency by the leader, it should not be a means of control and should not be utilized only from the perspective of management. It is also suggested that strategies such as transfer of authority could have a positive effect in promoting the expansion of self-influence from workers.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2000

The Ministry of Education have had us practice the performance test as a substitute proposal, however, all the more for the idealistic purport, our education front does not have such a sufficient condition as to practice the performance test for many classes and miscellaneous duties and over-populated class, and that practice has been enforced so abruptly without any drastic preparation and has caused much confusion from the beginning of that enforcement. Thus, these problematic concerns are remained as the tasks of the teachers to be solved by themselves in the front of education, and herein I came to do this research. The followings are the conclusions that I got as the results of the research (1) Performance test style should be applied in consideration of the students' achievement level and the gap of the teachers' recognition; descriptive test, portfolio assignment and formative test styles were proper for the students lacking basic study ability. (2) Descriptive test should have its beginning with the question items to which students can write the problem solving procedure logically rather than those to evaluate the creation ability and thinking ability: and putting down specifically the assessment standard could prevent students' confusion and scheme the impartiality of the assessment. (3) Portfolio assignment evaluation should be given with as interesting and suitable amounts as possible so that the students can do by themselves. (4) Utilizing the performance test table enabled easy management of documentary evidence. And it is needless to say that the success of the performance test should have preceding conditions like the teachers' understanding and their positive participation. Therefore, I'd like to give suggestions herein like the followings; (1) The performance test should not always be made into grades, and there is a need to develop the test gradually in the condition that the education surroundings permit by checking time, frequency, ratio and contents of the test while practicing the multiple choice writing test. (2) As long as the performance test has the aims of improving the studying and learning activities, any performance test only for the sake of making numerals with the thought that assessment is the disposal of the grades should be avoided, and the change of the lecturing styles and development of various assessing types and studying materials should be endeavored to confirm with the aims.