• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.627-632
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• 2007

FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 belong to the FoxO gene family, which play important roles in the PI3K/PKB pathway. In this study, we cloned the porcine FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 sequences and assigned them to SSC11p11-15, SSC1p13 and SSC xq13 using somatic cell hybrid panel (SCHP) and radiation hybrid panel (IMpRH). RT-PCR results showed that these three genes are expressed in multiple tissues. Sequencing of PCR products from different breeds identified a synonymous T/C polymorphism in exon 2 of FoxO3a. This FoxO3a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can be detected by AvaII restriction enzyme. The allele frequencies of this SNP were investigated in Dahuabai, Meishan, Tongcheng, Yushan, Large White, and Duroc pigs. Association of the genotypes with growth and carcass traits showed that different genotypes of FoxO3a were associated with carcass length and backfat thickness between 6th and 7th ribs (BTR) and drip loss (p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

The fyn-related kinase (FRK) belongs to the tyrosine kinase family of protein kinases. Recent studies have shown that Frk affects pancreatic beta cell number during embryogenesis and promotes beta cell cytotoxic signals in response to streptozotocin. To investigate the genetic association between FRK polymorphisms and the risk of obesity in Korean population, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FRK gene region were selected and analyzed. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and biochemical data (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein) of blood sample from each subject were also measured. One hundred fifty five healthy control and 204 overweight/obesity subjects were recruited. Genotype frequencies of six SNPs [rs6568920 (+8391G>A), rs3756772 (+56780A>G), rs3798234 (+75687C>T), rs9384970 (+68506G>A), rs1933739 (+72978G>A), and rs9400883 (+75809A>G)] in the FRK gene were determined by Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping Chip data. According to the classification of Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, control (BMI 18 to < 23) and overweight/obesity (BMI$\geq$23) subjects were recruited. For the analysis of genetic data, EM algorithm, SNPStats, Haploview, HapAnalyzer, SNPAnalyzer, and Helixtree programs were used. Multiple logistic regression analysis (codominant, dominant, and recessive models) was performed. Age and gender as covariates were adjusted. For biochemical data, Student's t test was used. The mean value of BMI in the control and overweigh/obesity groups was 21.1${\pm}$1.2 (mean${\pm}$SD) and 25.6${\pm}$2.0, respectively. All biochemical data of the overweight/obesity group were statistically significance, compared with the control group. Among six SNPs, two linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were discovered. One block consisted of rs1933739 and rs9400883, and the other comprised rs3756772 and rs3798234. One SNP (rs9384970, +68506G>A) showed an association with overweight/obesity in the codominant model (p=0.03). Interestingly, the AA genotype distribution in the overweight/obesity group (n=7, 3.5%) was higher than those in the control group (n=1, 0.6%), which is not found in either Japanese or Chinese subjects. Therefore, the AA genotype of rs9384970 may be a risk factor for development of obesity in Korean population. The results suggest that FRK may be associated with overweight/obesity in Korean population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin D nutritional status on bone mineral density of adults (21-49 years). To attain the aim, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the subjects at distal radius by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA). Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-(OH)D) , known to be the best indicator of indicator of vitamin D status in humans was analyzed . The factors affecting this vitamin D level were also investigated in autumn in 122 young adults. Serum level of 25-(OH)D was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) and biochemical variables, general health status, time spent outdoors, and dietary intakes of the subjects. BMD of the male subjects was significantly greater than that of female subjects. Weight, activity and total energy expediture (TEE) showed a positive correlation with distal BMD. The mean level of serum 25-(OH)D was 24.4$\pm$11.0 ng./ml and by sex, 26.0$\pm$6.8ng/ml for males and 23.3$\pm$12.3ng/ml for females , the level was significantly higher in male (p<0.01). there was significant correlation between BMD at distal-radius and s-25(OH)D levels (p<0.001). The serum level fo parathyroid hormone (PTH) showed a negative correlation with BMD(p<0.05), with the more obvious correlation in females. Vitamin D intake was estimated to be 3.75$\pm$2.19ug/day in average. Among the nutrients studied, protein ,fat, calcium , and vitamin D intake were positively correlated with distal BMD. When food frequencies were concerned , milk and dairy products showed a significant positive correlation with the BMD level, and driedfoods, eggs , fats and oils, and cereals also showed a positive correlation. Time spent outdoors was estimated to be about 70 minutes in average and positively correlated with the distal BMD level(p<0.01). During the day, the specific time between 12 :00pm and 2:00pm showed the most significant correlation with BMD (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis with the variables showed that distal BMD could be fit 31.9% by the time spent outdoors a day, intake of Ca and vitamin D, and TEE. The standardized estimates were 0.344 for vitamin D intake, 0.284 for Ca intake 0.179 for the time spent outdoors a day and 0.273 for TEE. For males, s-25*OH)D level, TEE and time spent outdoors during a day showed a significant correlation. For females, intake of Ca and vitamin D could fit about 27.1% of the distal BMD.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.336-349
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• 2003

히스토그램은 최근들어 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. 히스토그램은 주로 상용 데이타베이스 관리 시스템에서 질의 최적화를 위해 속성의 값에 대한 데이타 분포를 추정하는데 사용되었다. 최근에는 근사 질의와 스트림 데이타에 대한 연구 분야에서 히스토그램에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 관계형 데이타베이스에서 두 개 이상의 속성에 대한 결합 데이타 분포를 근사시키는 가장 간단한 방법은 각 속성의 데이타 분포가 결합 데이타 분포에 독립적이라고 가정하는 속성 값 독립(Attribute Value Independence: AVI) 가정하 에서 각각의 속성에 대해서 히스토그램을 만드는 것이다 그러나 실제 데이타에서 이 가정은 잘 맞지 않는다. 따라서 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 웨이블릿, 랜덤 샘플링, 다차원 히스토그램과 같은 기법들이 제안되 었다. 그 중에서 GENHIST는 실수형 속성에 대한 데이타 분포를 근사시키기 위해 고안된 다차원의 히스토그램이다. GENHIST는 데이타 분포를 좀 더 효과적으로 근사시키기 위해서 중첩되는 버킷을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 SSE(Sum Squared Error)를 최소화시키는 중첩되는 버킷들의 최적 빈도를 결정하는 OPT 알고리즘을 제안한다. 처음에 GENHIST에 의해 중첩되는 버킷으로 구성되는 히스토그램을 만든 후에 OPT 알고리즘에 의해서 각 버킷의 빈도를 다시 계산해서 GENHIST를 개선시킬 수 있다. 실험 결과는 OPT 알고리즘이 GENHIST에 의해 만들어진 히스토그램의 정확도를 크게 개선시킴을 보여준다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.502-509
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• 2014

노인틀니와 임플란트 건강보험 지원사업에 대한 인식과 개선요구도를 조사하기 위해 2014년 6~7월 기간 동안 일부 지역사회의 60세 이상 238명을 대상으로 틀니와 임플란트 보험적용과 개선에 관한 설문조사를 하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 대상자의 틀니 보험적용 인식은 76.9%였으나 틀니 적용시기와 보험 지원비용의 적절성, 임플란트 보험 적용 인식은 50% 미만으로 낮게 나타났다. 특히 틀니 사후관리 인식은 18.6%로 매우 낮게 조사되었다. 건강보험 급여화 개선요구 조사결과 틀니 적용시기는 60세 이상(42.5%), 임플란트 적용시기는 65세 이상(34.6%)이었고, 건강보험비 자부담은 50% (34.6%)가 가장 높게 조사되었다. 틀니 재제작 기간과 임플란트 지원은 무제한이 각각 32.0%, 47.8%로 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 치과위생사의 구강(틀니) 관리의 참여희망은 94.1%로 높게 조사되었다. 결론적으로 틀니와 임플란트 인식은 높았으나 세부적인 운영사항은 인식하지 못하여 지속적인 정보제공이 필요하며, 건강보험 지원연령을 낮추는 방안이 고려되어 건강보험지원사업의 효율성을 높여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to make it clear that the influence the adults' work-family conflicts affect the family life satisfaction and the work life satisfaction of theirs, according to the personal backgrounds (sex, age, monthly income and whether the person works S days a week or not). The target group of this study is the selected 754 adults who are married with children that are in the employ of the various companies in Seoul and Incheon. The picked data are analyzed to factor analysis, frequencies, means, One-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis etc..using Spss 11.5 version statistical program. Following is the result of the study: First, the level of work-family conflicts have been shown to be different as the result of verification by sex, age, monthly income and the type of duty(whether working 5days a week or not) out of the personal variables. The study shows that the level of work-family conflicts is different by the subordinate variables of work-family conflicts as the results of male and female comparison. And the older the age, the higher the level of family conflicts.'rho study shows that The level of the places of work conflicts is the highest in the 30s. The smaller monthly income, the higher the level of work-family conflicts. The study shows that the level of family conflicts is high in working 6days a week and the level of work conflicts is high in working 5days a week. Second, such factors for conflicts at home as family support, family expectations and financial difficulties affect the level of satisfaction at work, while such personal backgrounds as monthly pay, kinds of work and age level also play a role. At the same time, satisfaction in family life is influenced by such factors for conflicts at the places of work as support, involvement, expectations and work-overload at the places of work, with such personal backgrounds as monthly pay, age and sex compounding the impact. On the point how much conflicts at work and home affect the satisfaction at home, work and leisure, the study shows that family life does not have noticeable influence in the level of satisfaction at the places of work, whereas situations at the place of work have significant impact on the level of satisfaction in family lives. In other words, the lesser conflicts the work situations cause to family lives, the greater the level of satisfaction at work, home and at leisure.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2015

NGC 1039 영역의 변광성 탐사로부터 7개의 ${\delta}$ Scuti형 변광성, 2개의 ${\gamma}$ Doradus형 변광성, 14개의 식쌍성 및 5개의 장지기형 불규칙 변광성을 찾았다. 이 중에서 3개를 제외한 나머지는 모두 새로 발견한 것이다. 이들 중 ${\delta}$ Scuti형 변광성 4개와 ${\gamma}$ Doradus형 변광성 2개 및 장주기형 불규칙 변광성 1개는 성단구성원일 가능성이 크다. 14개의 식쌍성 중에서 12개는 주기와 변광진폭 등을 구하였으며, 나머지 2개는 22일 관측 자료 중 하루치에서만 식 현상이 나타나서 EA형 식쌍성으로 보인다. B, V등급의 변광진폭을 같이 구한 식쌍성의 변광진폭비 $A_V/A_B$는 0.92이며, ${\delta}$ Scuti형 변광성의 결과를 이용한 0.75와 뚜렷이 구분된다. 5개의 장주기형 불규칙 변광성은 하나를 제외하고 나머지는 주기가 너무 길었고, 또한 주기성인지 알 수 없어서 밝기 변화만으로 변광성임을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 찾은 변광성은 V등급이 10.84등급부터 16.30등급까지 분포하며, V등급의 변광진폭이 0.5등급 이상이면 16.3등급까지도 변광 여부를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권2호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2012

본 연구는 강원도 평창군 가리왕산 일대의 천연 활엽수림을 대상으로 작업방법별 시업 전과 시업 후의 임분구조의 변화를 평가함으로써 산림생태계 경영에 필요한 정보를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위해 $30m{\times}30m$(0.09 ha) 크기의 고정표본점을 각 작업방법별로 3반복으로 설치하고 시업 전과 시업 후의 정밀 임분조사를 실시하였다. 이와 같이 조사된 자료에 근거하여 집락도, 흉고직경 변이지수, 수고 변이지수, 그리고 혼효지수의 4가지 임분구조 지수를 추정한 후, 3가지 작업방법에 대한 시업 전과 시업 후의 임분구조 변화를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 각 작업방법별 그리고 시업 전후의 임분구조 변화에 대한 통계검정을 위해 Duncan의 다중검정과 t-검정을 실시하였다. 임분구조 지수를 분석한 결과 작업방법에 관계없이 시업을 통해 임분구조가 개선된 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 시업 전과 시업 후의 임분구조 지수는 통계적인 차이를 보여 각 작업방법별 임분의 공간 구조는 시업을 통해 개선된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 각 작업방법별 목표 임분형으로 유도하기 위해서는 주기적인 모니터링과 추가적인 시업이 필요하다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.259-277
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• 2008

Traditional familism and family value is known as the value that most Koreans share with. Strong family solidarity and family-centered perception among Koreans influences other social values and ideology. Under the family value, caring for family members is family responsibility instead of government responsibility. Previous studies argued that the family value played a role to impede the development of family policy in Korea. The aim of this study was to explore a relation between the family value and the needs for care-support family policy. This study investigated how the family value were related to the specific needs for care-support family policy. The data were drawn from the Seoul Families Survey conducted on 2006 by Seoul Women and Family Foundation. The survey data consisted of 2,500 married males and females living in Seoul. The statistical techniques used for analysis were frequencies, means, t-test, ANOVA, crosstabs, multiple regression models, and multinomial logit models. The major findings of this study were as followings. First, while the traditional familism appeared to be held at a certain level, the general attitudes towards cohabitation, divorce, and single-parent family seemed to be less traditional. Second, the familism was found to be partly associated with the needs for the care-support family policy. The respondents who had less traditional value on arriage and child-rearing showed the higher level of needs for daycare center. This finding implied that nontraditional attitudes were related to the needs for an alternative care service such as caring through facilities rather than to the needs for supportive or complementary services. Lastly, the respondents who had higher level of traditional familism showed a higher preference for direct economic service (supportive service) than for other types of service in child care. And the less traditional their attitudes towards marriage and child-rearing, the more likely they are to prefer flexible child care services and programs to other types of child care services. These results implied that the family value was partly influential to family policy. However, it is worthy to note that the family value was related to family policy preference rather than to family policy needs. In other words, traditional family value appeared to influence the types of family policy rather than the level of needs for family policy.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.726-739
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify differences in time, frequency, and methods of toothbrushing according to knowledge acquirement of oral health between first and third year dental hygiene students who had relatively sufficient oral health education and students majoring non-health related field who had less opportunities of oral health education, to emphasize importance and necessity of the education, and to present basic data for development of effective programs of oral health education. Methods : 2,032 dental hygiene students and students majoring non-health related field attending 12 universities in Korea had been selected as subjects and were asked to complete a self-administered survey time, frequency, and methods of toothbrushing. The SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis of the collected data, and the significance of difference by groups was tested by using chi-square test, the one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. The mean frequency of toothbrushing per day and the rate of toothbrushing before and after meal were analyzed by using of multiple comparisons through the Scheffe test as post hoc test. Results : The rate of toothbrushing after lunch was 60.2% in third year and 39.2% in first year dental hygiene students, 20.3% in students majoring non-health related field, respectively. The mean frequencies per day of dental hygiene students were 3.33 times in third year and 2.85 times in first year dental hygiene students, 2.46 times in students majoring non-health related field, respectively. The rate of toothbrushing after meal among total frequency of toothbrushing per day was 85.36% in third year and 84.81% in first year dental hygiene students, 77.90% in students majoring non-health related field, respectively. As for the methods of toothbrushing, 'Turning up and down' was 68.8% in third year and 43.1% in first year dental hygiene students, 30.6% in students majoring non-health related field, respectively. Conclusions : Oral health education through dental hygiene course may improve the oral environment management of dental hygiene students and oral health education on toothbrushing should be strengthened for the students majoring non-health related field.