• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.159-176
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• 2005

The Purpose of this Article is to analyze the special settlement and electronic settlement system in the international trade. First, Factoring is a fast, easy and flexible way to improve a company's cash flow and generate working capital for the company. Factoring can be short-term or part of an ongoing financing program. New companies can benefit as well, since there is no requirement for a long-term credit history. Second, Forfaiting is a method of trade financing that allows exporters to obtain cash and be free of all risks by selling their medium term receivables on a 'without recourse' basis. Forfaiting can be an alternative to export credit or insurance cover, especially for those transactions in which the export credit agency is not open to a particular country and/or bank. Third, The Bolero System is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Fourth, TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of crdeit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.483-503
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• 2014

In this paper, human action recognition using pyramid histograms of oriented gradients and collaborative multi-task learning is proposed. First, we accumulate global activities and construct motion history image (MHI) for both RGB and depth channels respectively to encode the dynamics of one action in different modalities, and then different action descriptors are extracted from depth and RGB MHI to represent global textual and structural characteristics of these actions. Specially, average value in hierarchical block, GIST and pyramid histograms of oriented gradients descriptors are employed to represent human motion. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, we evaluate them by KNN, SVM with linear and RBF kernels, SRC and CRC models on DHA dataset, the well-known dataset for human action recognition. Large scale experimental results show our descriptors are robust, stable and efficient, and outperform the state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we investigate the performance of our descriptors further by combining these descriptors on DHA dataset, and observe that the performances of combined descriptors are much better than just using only sole descriptor. With multimodal features, we also propose a collaborative multi-task learning method for model learning and inference based on transfer learning theory. The main contributions lie in four aspects: 1) the proposed encoding the scheme can filter the stationary part of human body and reduce noise interference; 2) different kind of features and models are assessed, and the neighbor gradients information and pyramid layers are very helpful for representing these actions; 3) The proposed model can fuse the features from different modalities regardless of the sensor types, the ranges of the value, and the dimensions of different features; 4) The latent common knowledge among different modalities can be discovered by transfer learning to boost the performance.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.18 no.2_spc
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• pp.275-289
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• 2020

In 2017, multimodal transportation tests for evaluating road, sea, and rail transport were performed by research institutes in the US, Spain, and the Republic of Korea. In this study, acceleration and strain data determined through road and sea tests were analyzed. It was investigated whether the load generated for each transport mode was amplified or attenuated according to the load transfer path. From the results, it was confirmed that the load transfer characteristics differed according to the transportation mode and loading path. The effects of strain determined through each test on the structural integrity of the spent nuclear fuel were also investigated. It was found that the magnitude of the measured strain had a negligible effect on the structural integrity of the spent nuclear fuel, considering its fatigue strength. The results for the acceleration and strain data analyses obtained in this study will be useful for scheduled domestic transportation tests under normal transport conditions.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.197-214
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• 2002

Electronic Commerce has already existed for over 20 years. The Bolero project initially had the support of TEDIS, and now is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Bolero's mission is to provide guaranteed and secure delivery, in electronic form, of trade documentation, globally, based on a binding legal environment and common procedures, Bolero will also provide a platform for provision of neutral cross-industry services. TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of credit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet. Paperless, payment-guaranteed international trade transactions - which eliminate the traditional letters of credit with electronic certifications - are widely considered the most difficult B2B transactions to conduct.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.8 s.86
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• pp.7-17
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• 2005

Transportation is from an individual mobility. Various efforts to propose specific values or the individual mobility have been conducted in diverse transportation environment. However, mobility studies for multimodal public transportation are rare especially on not the range of line but area. This study propose a method to calculate transit mobility indices as expanding mobility analysis from point-to-point to area-to-area, considering access time to transit facility, running time and transfer time of passengers. To extract mobility indices, we included walking as a lowest category of mode and set passenger car as a competitive mode to transit mode. This study propose three public transportation mobility indices as 1) how competitive public transportation facility is offered against passenger car 2) how convenient transit mode including walking is provided against passenger car from origin to destination and 3) how many various paths are presented to support passenger's travel between regions. These indices are tested on the Seoul metropolitan area with 10 lines of urban rail and about 420 lines of bus. In addition, we proposed two political applications of proposed mobility indices to increase public transportation mobility between two regions and to maximize the mobility of study area when a line is added in the area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2993-3002
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• 2015

INCOTERMS 2010 apply to the International Trade Contract for the last 5 years. The export trade condition and the document type for last 10 years was researched to analysis of the practical problems of INCOTERMS 2010 application. The result of the research; First, several rules which are against the official INCOTERMS 2010 rules are used. Second, the conventional rules like FAS FOB, CIF and CFR which are used for the ocean and inland transportation are applied without any changes. Third, the issue of the time of delivery(transfer of ownership) at the CPT and CIP affects not to activate these two rules. Fourth, the frequency of the DAT use is low. Because, the terminal designate is hard at the point of the contract and the terminal is changeable during the transport. According to these issues, the active publicity campaign is needed for the INCOTERMS 2010. And, the analysis of the terms and the solution of conflict are also needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.409-422
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• 2017

TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) is one of the urban structure concentrated on the multifunctional space/district with public transportation system, which is introduced for maintaining sustainable future cities. With such trends, the project of building complex transferring centers located at a urban railway station has widely been spreaded and a comprehensive and systematic analytical framework is required to clarify and readily understand the complicated procedure of estimation with the large scale of the project. By doing so, this study is to develop a comprehensive analytical framework for estimating a pedestrian OD matrix using a spatial information and an integrated smart card data, which is so called a data depository and it has been applied to the Samseong station for the model validation. The proposed analytical framework contributes on providing a chance to possibly extend with digitalized and automated data collection technologies and a BigData mining methods.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.257-269
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• 2023

There is currently a burgeoning demand for image synthesis from photos and videos using deep learning models. Existing video synthesis models solely extract motion information from the provided video to generate animation effects on photos. However, these synthesis models encounter challenges in achieving accurate lip synchronization with the audio and maintaining the image quality of the synthesized output. To tackle these issues, this paper introduces a novel framework based on an image animation approach. Within this framework, upon receiving a photo, a video, and audio input, it produces an output that not only retains the unique characteristics of the individuals in the photo but also synchronizes their movements with the provided video, achieving lip synchronization with the audio. Furthermore, a super-resolution model is employed to enhance the quality and resolution of the synthesized output.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

This International Standard establishes an AVI/AEI System based on radio frequency technologies. This system is intended for general application in ITS. Specially, It allows the transfer of the identification codes and further information about equipment and vehicles used in intermodal transport into such CVO and information systems related to Intermodal Transport processes. The aim of this standard is to define, describe and specify Architecture, System Parameters, Numbering/ Data structures and interface related to an AVI/AEI system to provide an enabling Standard, which, whilst allowing the system specifier to determine the performance levels and operating conditions, provides a framework for nominal interoperability. The Standard is to establish a common framework to achieve unambiguous identification in AVI/AEI applications. Thes is AVI/AEI is designed to be an 'enabling' structure to allow interoperability between different commercial systems, and not prescriptive in determining any one system. The ISO TC204 WG4 has eight active work items. A new WI on ERI is progressing quickly; three WIs for the road environment and four multimodal WIs are under development. All Work Items are joint between CEN TC278 and ISO TC204 according to the Vienna Agreement, with CEN in the lead. The work is progressing with some delay. For all the work items, the countries who have appointed experts we: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech, Denmark France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, UK and USA. There are 30 registered experts. The study focus on the AVI/AEcl standardization and developing of the Korea standard

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2022

In this study, an artificial intelligence(AI) was developed to help with facial expression practice in order to express emotions. The developed AI used multimodal inputs consisting of sentences and facial images for deep neural networks (DNNs). The DNNs calculated similarities between the emotions predicted by the sentences and the emotions predicted by facial images. The user practiced facial expressions based on the situation given by sentences, and the AI provided the user with numerical feedback based on the similarity between the emotion predicted by sentence and the emotion predicted by facial expression. ResNet34 structure was trained on FER2013 public data to predict emotions from facial images. To predict emotions in sentences, KoBERT model was trained in transfer learning manner using the conversational speech dataset for emotion classification opened to the public by AIHub. The DNN that predicts emotions from the facial images demonstrated 65% accuracy, which is comparable to human emotional classification ability. The DNN that predicts emotions from the sentences achieved 90% accuracy. The performance of the developed AI was evaluated through experiments with changing facial expressions in which an ordinary person was participated.