• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 2014

Purpose: This research was an empirical study designed to identify precursors and interaction effects related to nurses' patient identification behavior. A multilevel analysis methodology was used. Methods: A self-report survey was administered to registered nurses (RNs) of a university hospital in South Korea. Of the questionnaires, 1114 were analyzed. Results: The individual-level factors that had a significantly positive association with patient identification behavior were person-organization value congruence, organizational commitment, occupational commitment, tenure at the hospital, and tenure at the unit. Significantly negative group-level precursors of patient identification behavior were burnout climate and the number of RNs. Two interaction effects of the person-organization value congruence climate were identified. The first was a group-level moderating effect in which the negative relationship between the number of RNs and patient identification behavior was weaker when the nursing unit's value congruence climate was high. The second was a cross-level moderating effect in which the positive relationship between tenure at the unit and patient identification behavior was weaker when value congruence climate was high. Conclusion: This study simultaneously tested both individual-level and group-level factors that potentially influence patient identification behavior and identified the moderating role of person-organization value congruence climate. Implications of these results are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.752-760
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating mediation effect of self-esteem on the relations among adolescents' abuse experiences, depression and anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Methods: The participants were selected using secondary data from a population in the 2012 Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and SPSS Macro, and bootstrapping and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to analyze multilevel models. Results: First, analysis of the mediating effect of the adolescents' abuse showed that there was significant mediating influence between suicidal ideation and depression and anxiety. Second, hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-esteem had significant mediation effect on depression and anxiety in adolescents' suicidal ideation. Third, SPSS Macro showed that self-esteem also significantly moderated the mediating effect of adolescents' abuse experiences on suicidal ideation through depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The study results suggest that in future research on adolescent's abuse experience, the risk of suicide in depression and anxiety scores should be selected through evaluation of each individual's self-esteem scale. Coping strategies with immediate early intervention should be suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.559-571
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• 2010

The Demand-Control model has been one of the most popular theoretical models to explain job stress. This study extends the Demand-Control model to the team level and examines the relationship between job demand and job stress to tests the moderating effect of the `team relationship climate' on the relationship between job demand and job stress. Data were collected from 34 teams across 19 organizations and analyzed using HLM. The results showed that job demand was significantly related to job stress. Based on the team level analysis, the team relationship climate was found to moderate the relationship between job demand and job stress. In addition, the consideration behavior by the leader was significantly correlated with the team relationship climate. Finally the theoretical and practical implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2024

Regarding the discourse on the correlation between governmental financial support and firm performance, much emphasis has been placed on the role of individual corporate characteristics as well as spatial features. However, there is a notable scarcity of empirical research examining the integrated impact of corporate and cluster characteristics on managerial performance. This study addresses this gap by empirically analyzing the financial and non-financial outcomes resulting from specific allocations of governmental financial support. Additionally, it explores corporate and cluster characteristics predicted to moderate the influence between governmental financial support and firm performance. The analysis employs a two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) at individual and group levels. The data, reorganized based on business registration numbers at the firm and cluster levels, ultimately utilized panel data from 83,395 firms and 641 clusters. The research findings indicate that governmental financial support demonstrates a positive effect (+) on both sales and patents for firms, suggesting its effectiveness in complementing market failures. Results from the hierarchical linear model analysis show that when combined with human capital capacity, absorptive capacity, and cluster network density, governmental financial support exhibits significant positive effects on sales. This study contributes theoretical and practical insights by analyzing the relationship between governmental financial support and firm performance using a two-level hierarchical linear model. It highlights the role of corporate characteristics such as human capital and absorptive capacity, along with cluster characteristics like cluster network density, in moderating the effects of governmental financial support on firm performance.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.249-267
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• 2021

This study examined how social withdrawal as an individual factor and discrimination as a contextual factor contributed to depression caused by peer victimization among middle school students. Self-reported data of 1,611 students from 86 classrooms in 7 middle schools was analyzed, using multilevel path analysis. The results indicate that peer victimization had a significant partial mediating effect on the relation between social withdrawal and depression at the individual level. Social withdrawal had a direct positive effect on depression as well as an indirect positive effect on depression via high levels of peer victimization. Discrimination also positively predicted peer victimization at the classroom level. Moreover, classroom-level discrimination moderated the individual-level relations between social withdrawal and peer victimization. The relation between social withdrawal and peer victimization was much stronger as the levels of discrimination in the classroom were higher. These findings shed light on the importance of considering both individual and contextual factors when intervening to prevent peer victimization.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.243-259
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of home-based welfare facilities for older adults on the associations between the activities of daily living (ADL) / instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and the depressive symptoms among Koreans in later life. Multilevel analysis was conducted with Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 5th data and the public report about welfare facilities from Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea. Samples were 4,139 older adults over 65 years old. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, and individual level independent variables were ADL and IADL. The ratio of home-based welfare facilities out of 10,000 older adults in each city and province was the moderator. As a result, the effects of ADL on depressive symptoms vary according to the proportion of elderly welfare facilities out of the old population in the community. In specific, the older adults who live in the place where the elderly welfare facility rate was higher were less affected by ADL. Also, the more IADL people had, the more depressive symptoms they had. However, the interaction effect between IADL and the proportion of home-based welfare facilities was not significant. It suggests that delivering welfare services helping ADL through the home-based welfare facilities may be useful for decreasing depressive symptoms. Moreover, considering the proportion of facilities and older population will be helpful to make the welfare facilities efficiently work.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.173-200
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• 2017

This study is designed to verify the actual effect on the prevention of the elderly suicide of the integrated crisis intervention service which has been widely provided across all local communities in Gyeonggi-province focusing on the integrated crisis intervention model developed for the prevention of elderly suicide. The integrated crisis intervention model for the local communities and its manual were developed for the prevention of elderly suicide by integrating the crisis intervention theory which contains local community's integrated system approach and the stress vulnerability theory. For the analysis of the effect, the geriatric depression and suicidal ideation scale was adopted and the data was collected as follows; The data was collected from 258 people in the first preliminary test. Then, it was collected from the secondary test of 184 people after the integrated crisis intervention service was performed for 6 months. The third collection of data was made from 124 people after 2 or 3 years later using the backward tracing method. As for the analysis, the researcher used the R Statistics computing to conduct the test equating, and the vertical scaling between measuring points. Then, the researcher conducted descriptive statistics analysis and univariate analysis of variance, and performed multi-level modeling analysis using Bayesian estimation. As a result of the study, it was found out that the integrated crisis intervention model which has been developed for the elderly suicide prevention has a statistically significant effect on the reduction of elderly suicide in terms of elderly depression and suicide ideation in the follow-up measurement after the implementation of crisis intervention rather than in the first preliminary scores. The integrated crisis intervention model for the prevention of elderly suicide was found to be effective to the extent of 0.56 for the reduction of depression and 0.39 for the reduction of suicidal ideation. However, it was found out in the backward tracing test conducted 2-3 years after the first crisis intervention that the improved values returned to its original state, thus showing that the effect of the intervention is not maintained for long. Multilevel analysis was conducted to find out the factors such as the service type(professional counseling, medication, peer counseling), characteristics of the client (sex, age), the characteristics of the counselor(age, career, major) and the interaction between the characteristics of the counselor and intervention which affect depression and suicidal ideation. It was found that only medication can significantly reduce suicidal ideation and that if the counselor's major is counseling, it significantly further reduces suicidal ideation by interacting with professional counseling. Furthermore, as the characteristics of the suicide prevention experts are found to regulate the intervention effect on elderly suicide prevention in applying integrated crisis intervention model, the primary consideration should be given to the counseling ability of these experts.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-158
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• 2015

This study examined the relationship between physical education and externalizing(aggression) and internalizing(depression, social withdrawal) problem behaviors among adolescents. The moderating role of gender and time in the association between physical education and problem behavior was also identified. This study used data from the second, third, and fourth waves of the middle school student cohort (N=2,133, N=2,151, N=1,979) of the Korean Children-Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS). Main analyses involved multilevel growth model with interaction terms. The dependent variables were aggression, depression, and social withdrawal. The independent variables were gender and physical education (exercise hours) at school. The control variables were abuse, school-adjustment, annual household income and parents' highest level of education. The major longitudinal findings of this study are as follows: First, there was significant change according to the passage of time only in aggression among externalizing and internalizing problems. Second, gender differences exist in aggression and depression. Third, exercise hours of physical education had a negative relationship with internalizing problems. Fourth, there were no gender differences over time in both externalizing and internalizing problems. Fifth, the interaction between exercise hours of physical education and time was statistically significant for social withdrawal. Sixth, the interaction between exercise hours of physical education and gender was statistically significant for depression. The results of this study may become an academic basis for suggesting policy directions that promote increased exercise hours in physical education classes at school.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.289-305
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• 2023

The rapid increase in the use of mobile devices is changing consumers' online shopping behavior. However, the difference in the effect on the conversion rate according to the time when consumers switch from a small screen to a large screen has not been sufficiently studied. In addition, the differences in the effect of device conversion on purchase performance according to the characteristics of each country's infrastructure have not been sufficiently studied. Against this background, this study aims to analyze whether the timing of switching from mobile devices to PC devices and the country's mobile Internet penetration rate are moderating the positive effect of device switching on purchase performance. For empirical analysis, Google Merchandise Store data was collected and 101,466 data from 130 countries were analyzed with a multilevel model. As a result of the analysis, consumers' device switching (i.e., mobile to PC) had a positive effect when it occurred in the middle of the consumer journey. However, it was analyzed that when device switching occurred at the later stage of the consumer journey, it had a negative effect on purchase performance. In addition, it was analyzed that the higher the mobile Internet penetration rate, the weaker the positive effect of consumer device conversion on purchase performance.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to improve work performance conducted at an actual clinical site by determining the relationship among critical thinking disposition, problem solving ability, and work performance. In this study, 335 dental hygienists completed self-administered survey. Final analysis was conducted with a total of 331 responses, excluding 4 questionnaire with unreliable responses and non-responses. The results indicated that as the age, educational background, and work experience of the subjects increased, their critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability scores increased and were statistically significant. For work performance, average total score was high for age, educational background and work experience, but only age and work experience were statistically significant. Critical thinking disposition, problem solving ability and work performance of the subject were relevant, and all of them were significant. Work performance was also influenced indirectly by mediating problem solving ability in critical thinking disposition. In other words, both direct and indirect effects were significant, and the existence of partial moderating effect was verified. Thus, in order to improve work performance of dental hygienists, a multilevel educational process that can simultaneously improve critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability of dental hygienists needs to be developed. Therefore, it is expected that the new dental hygiene company will be able to perform without any sense of disparity in the clinical field; this will solve the gap between dental hygiene education and practical skills.